八下Unit 1 What27s the matter知识点归纳

八下Unit 1 Whats the matter?一询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时，常用以下句型：1.Whats the matter （with sb）? 2. Whats the trouble / problem（with sb）? 3.Whats wrong （with sb）? 你怎么了？ 4. Whats ones trouble / problem ？5.Whats up ? 6. What happened to sb ?7.Are you OK ? 8. Is there anything wrong with sb ? 二表达身体不适或疼痛时，常用以下结构：1.Sb + have /has + a / an + 疾病名称：have a cold(患感冒) / fever / cough / temperature 注：have a cold相当于get a cold/catch a cold/have got a cold；have a bad cold(患重感冒)；have a heart problem 有心脏病2.Sb + have/ has a sore +身体部位：have a sore throat / back3.Sb + have / has+ a+ 身体部位+ache(构成疾病名词) have a toothache /headache / stomachache / earache /backache4.Sb + hurt(s) +身体部位/ oneself ; He hurt his leg .或身体部位+ hurts ; My head hurts badly .5.There is something wrong with ones +身体部位。6.Sb +have /has a pain in ones +身体部位三情态动词 should / shouldt 的用法：意为应该，应当 后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。通常表示提出意见或建议，或义务和责任，还可表示命令责备或要求等语气;1. You should lie down and rest . 2.You shouldt eat so much next time . 3. What should I do ?4. Should I put some medicine on it ？ -Yes ,you should ./ No, you should t. 四、if引导的条件句，如果主句是祈使句、含有情态动词或用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 Section A1.sore adj. 疼痛的 可作定语或表语She has a sore throat / back . My leg is very sore .2.back n. 后面，背面 He sat at the back of the classroom. adv .回（原处）come back3. lie 躺，卧-lay. lain.lying lie down 躺下 撒谎 -lied.lied .lying You are lying to me . n. 谎言假话 tell a lie / lies lay .-laid .laid. laying 产卵 下蛋 放置4. rest 休息 v./n. You should rest for a few days . get some rest= have(take) a rest /a break / breaks休息一下 5. to one s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 常作插入语，位于句首 ，其后用逗号与其他部分隔开。To his surprise,she failed the exam . To ones +表示感情色彩的名词，意为使/令某人.的是; to ones joy 令/使某人高兴的是， to ones disappointment令/使某人失望的是 to ones satisfaction令/使某人满意的是； in surprise 吃惊地 surprising(物) What surprising news !Surprised(人) be surprised to do / be surprised at sth / be surprised that6. much too+ 形容词， 太. ， too many+可数名词复数，太多too much+不可数名词，太多（前） 也可做副词修饰动词（后）talk too much7. enough形容、副词,足够的/地，(1) enough +名词; enough water (2) 形副+ enough ; good enough (3)enough后常接(for+名词/代词) to do sth. 意为足够/能做某事 18. sound like+名词代词和从句：听起来像 It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. Sound( look/feel/taste/smell )+形容词 听起来. eg. The music sounds nice. 9. need (1).需要，实义动词 人作主语 need+sth，需要某物； need (sb)to do sth.需要做某事， (2). 物作主语；sth needs doing/ to be done ; The room needs cleaning /to be cleaned.(3) 情态动词,多用于否定句或疑问句 Need I stay here ?-Yes, you must . /No, you needt. 10. agree 同意，赞同-disagree(反义词) agree with sb. 同意某人(意见或观点) agree to do sth. 同意做某事 11. right away =right now =at once，意为 马上 。12. advice(不可数)建议,意见 a piece of advice 一条建议 give sb. advice on sth./ take ones advice advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth.建议做某事13. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg . He hurt her feelings.不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly. 14. hit -hit（过去式）（用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach/mouth 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子、嘴巴，in 用在所打较软的部位。 当名词用时；get hit on the head 头部受到撞击15. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调看见某个动作正在进行） I saw a boy playing football near my home. See sb do sth 看见某人做某事（强调看见动作发生的全过程） We saw him cross the road.类似于see这种用法的动词，常见的有watch,hear,notice等。16.shout to sb向某人喊话 shout at sb 冲某人叫喊（贬义） shout for help 大声呼救17. expect sb to do sth期待某人去做某事。18.think about（+doing考虑 think of想起，认为 think over仔细考虑 think up想出19.fall down（+from）摔倒，跌倒（相当于fall off 从跌落下来） fall behind 落后，跟不上 fall into落入 fall asleep 入睡 fall in love with 爱上 fall over跌倒20.反身代词myself./ yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves /yourselves / themselves作同位语；Did you make the cake yourself ? 做表语 Im not myself today .enjoy oneself（玩得高兴） help oneself to（随便吃.）by oneself（独自、单独） hurt/ cut oneself（伤着、割伤自己） teach oneself=learn sth by oneself（自学）21.trouble (不可数)；苦恼，问题 be in trouble 处于困境 get into trouble陷入困境 make trouble 制造麻烦 have (no)trouble / difficulties / problems (in) doing sth做.有麻烦 , 做某事(没)有困难22.put on sth 在某物上放 put some medicine on the cut (伤口) 在伤口上敷些药 put a bandage on it 在它上面放绷带 223. in the same way 以同样的方式 on the way to 在去的路上 in the way 挡路out of the way 不再碍事 by the way 顺便说一下 in this way 用这种方法 in a way 在某种程度上24.get an X-ray 拍X 光片 take ones temperature 量体温 hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 see a dentist 看牙医 go to a doctor =go to see a doctor = go to the doctors 看医生 all weekend 整个周末 on the side of the road 在马路边 without thinking twice 没多想 get sunburned 被晒伤 have a heart problem有心脏病 feel very hot 感到很热 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 put her head back 把她的头向后仰 save a life 挽救生命 cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 do the right thing 做正确的事 go mountain climbing 去爬山25. with (1)具有，带有 （事物具有的性质、特征）其反义词：without 没有（后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式，without thinking twice 没多想。(2)和.在一起 talk with a friend (3)使用 with a knife 26. Take ones temperature 量体温 take a message 捎口信 take a shower 洗淋浴 take a walk 散步 take ones order 点菜 take the subway 乘地铁 take a trip 旅行 take sb.s place 代替；替换 take breaks(take a break) 休息 take risks 冒险27. lie (lay ,lain ,lying) (1)躺、平躺 lie down 躺下 (2)存在、处于 lie (in/on/to) 位于.(3)撒谎 lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 (4)谎言、假话 tell a lie/tell lies 说谎28. for too long 太长时间 介词for后接一段时间29. be away from 远离；离开（后接地点，意为远离某地）30. get off 下车（下汽车、火车、飞机等）； get on 上车（登上汽车、火车等）后接较大的交通工具,反义词 get off ； get into 进入（汽车、出租车、电梯等）后接较小的交通工具； get out of 从.下来（汽车、出租车、电梯、直升飞机等），反义词：get into31. thanks to 多亏,由于,因为（=because of =with the help of） 并无当面感谢的意思，后接名词或代词； thanks for 因.而感谢 后接感谢的原因，后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式32. happen vi.发生 不能用于被动语态，且不与表示一段时间的状语连用。(1)表示某地/某时发生了某事：sth.+happened+地点/时间 （2）表示某人出了某事：sth.happened to sb. (3)当happen 作“碰巧”时 sb.happened to do sth.(某人碰巧做某事) It happened +that从句 （碰巧怎么样）33. expect预料、期待 expect sb.to do sth.预料/期待某人做某事34. in time 及时（强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到，其后可接for短语，意为正赶上某事。） on time 准时 （按计划做某事，强调不迟到，不早不晚。）Section B1.sick adj. 生病的，有病的。作表语和定语 。ill只能作表语 be /feel sick =be ill 恶心的 I feel a little sick. 厌倦的 be sick of Im sick of running .2. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于适应做某事(be = get = become) He is used to getting up early . be used to do sth = be used for sth /doing被用于做某事 Wood is used to make houses . used to do sth 过去常做某事 He used to go to work by bus . use sth.to do sth. 用某物做某事=use sth.for doing sth.3. take a risk=take risks 冒险 the risk of sth /doing的风险 at risk 在危险中 risk to do sth. 冒险去做某事 4. in a very dangerous situation 在一种非常危险的情况下5. sth. run out 某物用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 36blood 血，不可数。a drop of blood 一滴血 -bloody 有血的，出血的 get out of 离开， 从出来7.mean-meant 动词 意思是；意为，表示一个人的言论或行为、某一标志或词语的意思所指，后接名词、动词-ing形式或宾语从句。mean意味着，后接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 打算 mean to do sth打算做某事 I mean to go tomorrow. meaning 名词，含义；意思。 mean 形容词：小气的，吝啬的What do you mean by the word ?= What does the word mean ?= What is the meaning of the word ?8.the importance of (doing) sth 做某事的重要性 Do you understand the importance of studying hard ? important -unimportant (不)重要的9. free 形容词：空闲的 free time；免费的 The drink is for free；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm.10. make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth = make up ones mind to do sth =determine to do sth 下决心做某事11. be in control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in control of this new school. be out of control 无法控制，无法管理 under control 在控制之下12. death 名词（不）-die 动词-dead 形容词-dying 形容词 ：垂死的，临终的 He is afraid of death . She died two years ago . The dog is dead . It is a dying bird.13. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games / Never give up easily.14.so that 以便，为的是 （当主句与从句主语一致是= in order to =so as to ） He worked hard so that he could suc