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本科学生毕业设计重型货车驱动桥设计院系名称：专业班级：学生姓名：指导教师：职 称：The Graduation Design for Bachelors Degree Design for Driving Axle of Heavy TruckCandidate：黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计摘要本次设计的题目是重型车辆车桥设计。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、半轴及桥壳四部分组成，其基本功用是增大由传动轴或直接由变速器传来的转矩，将转矩分配给左、右车轮，并使左、右驱动车轮具有汽车行驶运动学所要求的差速功能；此外，还要承受作用于路面和车架或车厢之间的铅垂力、纵向力和横向力。本设计首先论述了驱动桥的组成，再分析驱动桥各部分结构型式，确定总体设计方案：采用整体式驱动桥，主减速器的减速型式采用单级减速器，主减速器齿轮采用螺旋锥齿轮，差速器采用普通对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器，半轴采用全浮式型式，桥壳采用钢板冲压焊接式整体式桥壳。在本次设计中，主要完成了单级减速器、圆锥行星齿轮差速器、全浮式半轴的设计和桥壳的校核及CAD绘图等工作。关键词：驱动桥；主减速器；差速器；半轴；桥壳；CAD；设计；校核ABSTRACTThe object of the design is The Design for Driving Axle of truck of Cellon CA1080. Driving Axle is consisted of Final Drive, Differential Mechanism, Half Shaft and Axle Housing. The basic function of Driving Axle is to increase the torque transmitted by Drive Shaft or directly transmitted by Gearbox, then distributes it to left and right wheel, and make these two wheels have the differential function which is required in Automobile Driving Kinematics; besides, the Driving Axle must also stand the lead hangs down strength, the longitudinal force and the transverse force acted on the road surface, the frame or the compartment lead. The configuration of the Driving Axle is introduced in the theses at first. On the basis of the analysis of the structure ,the developing process and advantages and disadvantages of the former type of Driving Axle, the design adopted the Integral Driving Axle, Single Reduction Gear for Main Decelerators deceleration form, Spiral Bevel Gear for Main Decelerators gear, Full-floating for Axle and stamp-welded steel sheet of Integral Axle Housing for Axle Housing. In the design, we accomplished the design for Single Reduction Gear, tapered Planetary Gear Differential Mechanism, Full-floating Axle, the checking of Axle Housing and CAD drawing and so on. Key words: Drive axle；Main reducer；Differential；Axle；Bridge shell；CAD；Design；CheckII目 录摘要IAbstractII第1章 绪论11.1 研究背景11.2 驱动桥研究的目的和意义11.3 驱动桥研究状况与发展趋势21.3.1 发展状况21.3.2 驱动桥发展趋势21.4 主要研究内容4第2章 驱动桥结构方案拟定52.1 驱动桥的结构和种类52.1.1 汽车车桥的种类52.1.2 驱动桥的种类52.1.3 驱动桥结构组成52.2 设计要求102.2.1 适用车型102.2.2 设计基础数据102.3 本章小结10第3章 主减速器设计113.1 主减速器的结构形式113.1.1 主减速器的齿轮类型123.1.2 主减速器主、从动锥齿轮的支承形式123.2 主减速器的基本参数选择与设计计算133.2.1 主减速比i0的确定133.2.2 主减速器计算载荷的确定133.2.3 主减速器基本参数的选择153.2.4 主减速器圆弧锥齿轮的几何尺寸计算173.2.5 主减速器圆弧锥齿轮的强度计算183.3 主减速器轴承的载荷计算223.3.1 锥齿轮齿面上的作用力223.3.2 锥齿轮轴承载荷的计算253.3.3 锥齿轮轴承型号的确定273.4 本章小结28第4章 差速器设计294.1 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的差速原理294.2 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的结构304.3 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的设计304.3.1 差速器齿轮的基本参数的选择314.3.2 差速器齿轮的几何计算334.3.3 差速器齿轮的强度计算344.4 本章小结36第5章 驱动半轴的设计375.1 全浮式半轴计算载荷的确定385.2 全浮式半轴的杆部直径的初选395.3 全浮式半轴的强度计算395.4 半轴花键的选择及强度计算405.4.1 半轴花键的选择405.4.2 半轴花键的强度计算425.5 半轴的结构设计及材料与热处理435.6 本章小结43第6章 驱动桥壳的设计446.1 驱动桥设计概述446.2 桥壳的受力分析及强度计算446.2.1 汽车以最大牵引力行驶时的桥壳强度计算446.2.2 汽车侧向力最大时的桥壳强度计算456.2.3 汽车在不平路面冲击载荷作用下桥壳的强度计算466.3 本章小结46结论47参考文献48致谢49附录A50附录B543 附 录AThe structure of driving axleThe driving axle is in the power power transmission the terminal, its basic function increases the torque which transmits by the drive shaft or the transmission gearbox, and power reasonable assignment for left and right driving gear, moreover also withstands the function vertical sets up, the longitudinal force and the transverse force between the road surface and the frame or the automobile body.The driving axle generally by the main gear box, the differential device, the wheel transmission device and the driving axle shell and so on is composed.1.Driving axle design：The driving axle design must satisfy following basic request: 1). Choice main reduction gear ratios ought to be able to guarantee the automobile has the best power and the fuel economy. 2). External dimensions must be small, guaranteed has the necessity ground clearance. 3). Gears and other transmission piece works do steadily, the noise is small. 4). Has the high transmission efficiency under each kind of rotational speed and the load.5). Under the guarantee enough intensity, the rigidity condition, should make every effort the quality to be small, under the reed the quality should be as far as possible small in particular, improves the automobile smoothness. 6). Coordinated with the suspension fork guidance organization movement, regarding changes the driving axle, but also should coordinate with the rotation gear movement.7). Structures are simple, the processing technology capability is good, the manufacture is easy, disassembling, the adjustment is convenient.2.Driving axle classificationThe driving axle minute non-separation type with separates the type two big kinds. 1).Non-separation type driving axleThe non-separation type driving axle also is called the integral-type driving axle, its rear axle drive pipe and main gear box shell with shaft casing rigidly connected whole Liang, thus the both sides rear axle and the driving gear swing related, passes the elastic part and the frame is connected.It by the driving axle shell 1, the main gear box, the differential device and the rear axle is composed. 2). Separation type driving axleThe driving axle uses the independent suspension fork, namely the main gear box shell fixes on the frame, the both sides rear axle and the driving gear can be opposite in the rolling plane in the chassis have the relative motion to be called the separation type driving axle. In order to coordinates with the independent suspension fork, fixes the main gear box shell in the frame (or automobile body) on, the driving axle shell partition and through the hinge joint, or no longer has the driving axle shell other parts besides the main gear box shell.In order to meet the need which about the driving gear independence beats, between the differential device and between wheel rear axle each section connects with the universal joint.3.Drive axle of compositionMainly by the reducer drive, and half axle and drive axle shell, etc.1) .Main reducerThe speed reducer is usually used to change the direction of transmission, reduce speed and increase torque, guarantee cars have enough force and appropriate speed. Main reducer, have more single type, double, double speed reducer, wheel edges.a). Single main reducerBy a reduction gear reducer realization of single reducer, called. Its simple structure, light weight, dongfeng BQl090, light, medium sized truck was widely used in automobile.b). Double main reducerIn some large trucks, load demand is bigger than the slow, with single main reducer drive, driven gear diameter increases, affect to the ground clearance drive, so using twice. Usually called doublestage reducer. Two groups of double reduction gear reducer, increasing torsional twice slowdown.To improve the tapered gear pair of meshing smoothness and strength, the level of spiral bevel gears reduction gear pair is. Second gear pair is helical gears for support.Active tapered gear rotating, drive driven circular gear rotating, thus completing silver. Level Article 2 the initiative of cylindrical gears and driven tapered gear coaxial and rotate together, and bring about a follower of cylindrical gears rotate, 2. Because a follower of cylindrical gears installed in differential shell, so, when a follower of cylindrical gears turning, through the differential and half shaft is driven wheel rotation.2).DifferentialAround half shaft are used to connect differential wheel, can make the sides with different velocity rotating torque simultaneously. Ensure the normal scroll wheel. Some more, in the car driver bridge or in the breakthrough of thansfer transmission shaft with differential between, also called the bridge between differential. Its role in the car is in turn or flat road to drive wheels, and generate differential between the role.Current domestic cars and other cars are adopted symmetric bevel gear ordinary differential. Symmetrical type gear differential planetary gear, half of planetary gear axle shaft gear, or a cross (direct axis) and differential shell, etc.Most current car using differential planetary gear, ordinary bevel gear differential by two or four conical planetary gear and planetary gear axle, two cone half shaft gear and differential shell, etc.3). Half axleHalf shaft are coming to the differential wheel, drive torque to move the car wheel rotation, the solid shaft. Due to the different structure, installation of hub axial force and the different also. Therefore, half shaft are divided into the floating, use, three/four floating three types.a). Howo fou-point suspending half axleGeneral big, medium-sized cars are adopted the floating structure. Half of the spline shaft inside with the half shaft with differential gears connected to the end of the half shaft are forging flanges, bolts and wheel connection. Hub through two far apart WenCheng tapered roller bearings in half a collar. Half a collar and driving axle shell pressure to drive, composition. Use this form, half shaft bearing no direct link with the bridge housing, half shaft driving torque and not only bear any moment under this half shaft are called the floating half axle. The so-called float means half shaft are not bending load.The float, the half axle shaft for lugs and made one. But there are some heavy trucks to lugs, and made the individual parts of the spline shaft in the half. Therefore, both ends of the spline shaft is used, can HuanTou.b). Use half axleUse of half axle within the same with the client, not withstand float bending-torsional. The client through a direct bearing on the inside of half axle shell. This means that will support the half axle under bending moment. Therefore, the half sleeve torque, except under bending moment, local use half shaft is called. This structure is mainly used for certain.The red flag brand limousines CA7560 type of thing. The half shaft are not bending moment, the client will inherit all external use, so called bending support.c). 3/4 floating half axleThree-quarters of floating half shaft are short of bending degree between use and the floating. This type of half axle currently used in XiaoWoChe, only on individual applications, such as M20 type car. Warsaw,4). The bridge housinga). Integral bridge housingIntegral bridge housing for the intensity and rigidity, and facilitate the good performance of the installation, adjustment and maintenance, and widely used. Integral bridge housing for manufacturing methods, which can be divided into different midway through the whole cast type, the steel casting and stamping steel welding etc.b). Drive axle shell segmentedSection type bridge housing generally fall into two, one will DuanLianCheng two by bolts. Bridge housing is segmented to casting and machining.附 录B驱动桥的构造驱动桥处于动力传动系的末端，其基本功能是增大由传动轴或变速器传来的转矩，并将动力合理的分配给左、右驱动轮，另外还承受作用于路面和车架或车身之间的垂直立、纵向力和横向力。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥壳等组成。 驱动桥的设计：驱动桥设计应当满足如下基本要求：选择的主减速比应能保证汽车具有最佳的动力性和燃料经济性。（2）外形尺寸要小，保证有必要的离地间隙。（3）齿轮及其他传动件工作平稳，噪声小。（4）在各种转速和载荷下具有高的传动效率。（5）在保证足够的强度、刚度条件下，应力求质量小，尤其是簧下质量应尽量小，以改善汽车平顺性。（6）与悬架导向机构运动协调，对于转向驱动桥，还应与转向机构运动相协调。（7）结构简单，加工工艺性好，制造容易，拆装、调整方便。 驱动桥的分类驱动桥分非断开式与断开式两大类。1、非断开式驱动桥非断开式驱动桥也称为整体式驱动桥，其半轴套管与主减速器壳均与轴壳刚性地相连一个整体梁，因而两侧的半轴和驱动轮相关地摆动，通过弹性元件与车架相连。它由驱动桥壳1，主减速器，差速器和半轴组成。2、断开式驱动桥驱动桥采用独立悬架，即主减速器壳固定在车架上，两侧的半轴和驱动轮能在横向平面相对于车体有相对运动的则称为断开式驱动桥。为了与独立悬架相配合，将主减速器壳固定在车架（或车身）上，驱动桥壳分段并通过铰链连接，或除主减速器壳外不再有驱动桥壳的其它部分。为了适应驱动轮独立上下跳动的需要，差速器与车轮之间的半轴各段之间用万向节连接。驱动桥的组成驱动桥主要由主减速器、差速器、半轴和驱动桥壳等组成。1、主减速器主减速器一般用来改变传动方向，降低转速，增大扭矩，保证汽车有足够的驱动力和适当的速皮。主减速器类型较多，有单级、双级、双速、轮边减速器等。（1）单级主减速器由一对减速齿轮实现减速的装置，称为单级减速器。其结构简单，重量轻，东风BQl090型等轻、中型载重