2012专业四级真题.ppt

2012专业四级真题,Grammarandvocabulary,59.allthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveExcept_A.onlyoneproblemstillremains-thefood.B.sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes.C.myfriendsallunderstandansupportme.D.shelikedhercurrentjob,teachingEnglish.keyb,sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes可以跟双宾语的动词常见的有:ask,bring,buy,cost,fetch,give,hand,lend,pass,pay,read,return,sell,send,show,take,teach,tell,write等。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前,若将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后,则要用介词to或for。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。直接宾语指物。间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。1.Ourteachertoldusastory.（us为间接宾语）astory为直接宾语。2.Thesungivesuslightandwarmth.（us为间接宾语，lightandwarmth为直接宾语）3.Wesenthimatelegram.我们给他打了电报。（him为间接宾语，atelegram为直接宾语）,60.whichofthefollowingbestexplainthemeaningof“shallwebuytheticketsfirst”?A.hesaidthatweweregoingtobuytheticketsfirst.B.herequestedthatwebuytheticketfirst.C.hesuggestedthatwebuytheticketfirst.D.headvisedustobuytheticketfirst.Keyc,61.whichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcause?A.IgotajobassoonasIleftuniversity.B.astherewasnoanswer,Iwroteagain.C.youmustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.D.wealthyasheis,Markisnotahappyman.KeyB,一、as作连词的用法1.as.as的用法as.as意为和一样，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。例如：(1)Thisfilmisasinterestingasthatone.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。(2)Yourpenwritesassmoothlyasmine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。其否定式为notas/so+adj./adv.+as。例如：Thisdictionaryisnotas/sousefulasyouthink.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。若有修饰成分，如twice,threetimes,half,aquarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。例如：Yourbagistwiceasexpensiveasmine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。,几个关于as.as的常见句型：(1)as.aspossiblePleaseanswermyquestionassoonaspossible.请尽快回答我的问题。(2)as.asusual/beforeShelooksasprettyasbefore.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。(3)aslongas.(引导条件状语从句)Ittookusaslongasthreeyearstocarryouttheplan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。(4)asfarasHewalkedasfarastherailwaystationyesterdayevening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。(5)aswellasShecooksaswellashermotherdoes.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。,2.as用作连词引导时间状语从句as与when，while都是引导时间状语从句的从属连词，含义都是当的时候。但它们有区别：用when时，从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生；用while时，从句的动作为一过程，主句动作与从句动作同时进行或在从句动作过程中发生；用as时，主句和从句的动作同时发生，具有延续的含义。例如：(1)Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedattheconstructionsite.他到达工地时，天正在下雪。(2)HewaswatchingTVwhilehismotherwascooking.他母亲做饭时他在看电视。(3)Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。,3.as用作连词引导原因状语从句as，because，since都可以表示因果关系，连接原因状语从句，含义是因为，由于，但它们有区别：because表示的语气最强；as一般放在句首，语气较弱，较口语化；since常常用在书面语中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时可译作既然。例如：(1)Hewillsucceedbecauseheisinearnest.他一定会成功，因为他很认真。(2)Sinceyouaresosureofithe”llbelieveyou.既然你对此如此有把握，他会相信你的。(3)Asrainhasfallen,theairiscooler.因为下过雨，空气比较清爽。,4.as作连词引导让步状语从句as与although(或though)，however(或nomatterhow)等都可以引导让步状语从句，含义是虽然，尽管，但它们有区别：although语气稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用but，但可以用yet；as所表示的语气较强，引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序；however引导让步状语从句时，它的后面可跟形容词或副词，也要用倒装语序。例如：(1)Althoughheisquiteold,hestilljogseveryday.他虽然年纪相当大，仍然每天慢跑。(2)Strangeasitmayseem,nobodywasinjuredintheaccident.这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议，却没有人受伤。(3)Howeverhardhemaytry,hewillnotattainhisgoal.无论他怎样努力也达不到目标。,二、as作关系代词的用法关系代词as引导定语从句时，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连用，其用法要比that和which更为复杂。1.as引导定语从句与其他词连用用于thesame.as结构中ThisisthesamebookasIreadlastweek.这本书和我上周读的那本是一样的。用于such.as结构中Idon”tlikesuchbooksasherecommends.我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。用于so+adj.+a/an+n.(单数)+as结构中IamnotsostrongamanasIwas.我已经没有从前那么强壮了。2.as单独引导定语从句as单独引导定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子或短语。例如：(1)Sheislate,asisoftenthecase.她迟到了，这是经常的事。(先行词是整个主句)(2)Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.对事实视而不见-你们好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行词是不定式短语),三、as作介词的用法as作介词，意思是作为，以身份。例如：HecametoChinaasatouristfiveyearsago.他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。四、as作副词的用法tothesamedegreeoramount;equally相同地，同样地。例如：Theydon”thaveasmanyairplanes.他们没有同样多的飞机。,四、as作副词的用法tothesamedegreeoramount;equally相同地，同样地。例如：Theydon”thaveasmanyairplanes.他们没有同样多的飞机。,62.whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial?A.despitetherain,everyoneenjoyedthetrip.B.themanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager.C.everyprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureoftheplan.D.areyousureofSimonsdisappearance?KeyA,64.whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasesisanadverbialofconcession?A.theyusedtheboxforkeepingtreasures.B.Isteppedasideforhertogetinfirst.C.forallthatheseemstodislikesme,Istilllikehim.D.theparentsboughtabirthdaycakefortheirson.KeyC,for有很多种用法：1.表示“当作、作为”。如:Ilikesomebreadandmilkforbreakfast.我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。Whatwillwehaveforsupper?我们晚餐吃什么?2.表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:ThankyouforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.谢谢你帮我学习英语。Thankyouforyourlastletter.谢谢你上次的来信。Thankyouforteachingussowell.感谢你如此尽心地教我们。,3.表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对(而言)”。如:Letmepickitupforyou.让我为你捡起来。WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.看电视太多有害于你的健康。4.表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:Iusuallydotherunningforanhourinthemorning.我早晨通常跑步一小时。Wewillstaytherefortwodays.我们将在那里逗留两天。5.表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:Letsgoforawalk.我们出去散步吧。Icamehereformyschoolbag.我来这儿取书包。Ipaidtwentyyuanforthedictionary.我花了20元买这本词典。,6.表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于的”。如:Itstimeforschool.到上学的时间了。Hereisaletterforyou.这儿有你的一封信。7.表示“支持、赞成”。如:Areyouforthisplanoragainstit?你是支持还是反对这个计划?,65.whichofthefollowingsentencesisIncorrect?A.newmachinerywereintroducedinthefactory.B.poultryareveryexpensiveinthecity.C.thepoliceareinvestingthemurdercase.D.themilitiawerecalledouttorescuefloodvictims.KeyA,主谓一致,由or,eitheror,neitheror,notbut,notonlybutalso等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。（就近原则）如：HeorIaminthewrong,他或是我错了。Neitheryounorheistired.你和他都没累。NotyoubutIamtoblame.不该怪你而该怪我。Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。但在非正式文体中，有时也一律用复数谓语（注：在考试时最好避免使用）。如：NeitherTednorMarkarewrong.特德和马克都没有错。IfeitherDavidorJanetcome,theywillwantadrink.大卫或珍妮特来了的话，是会要喝酒的。,当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but,except,besides,including,like,with,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,inadditionto,combinedwith,ratherthan,togetherwith等引出的短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”）。如：Everybodyexceptyouisdownonme.除了你，大家都看不起我。Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。Jim,togetherwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。Myfather,nolessthanI,isabase-ballfan.我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。Theson,aswellashisparents,wantstogothere.不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣。,集合名词作主语时，主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题。对此类问题我们可以从“数”的角度分为四类。1)单数复数型。凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类。如：aclassclasses;afamilyfamilies;agovernmentgovernments;anarmyarmies;apeoplepeoples;agroupgroups;acrowdcrowds;acrewcrews等。这类集合名词强调的是整体性，即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待。属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数。【例如】Abigcrowdoftengathersonthesquareeverymorning.Thegovernmenthasdecidedtopassthebill.TherearehugecrowdsinthestreetsonSunday.TherearemanyEnglish-speakingpeoplesintheworld.但应注意，这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念，所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为“单复同形型”中。,2)单数型。这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体，即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内，所以只有单数形式。如作主语，谓语动词常用单数。这类名词常见的有：humanity,mankind,proletariat（无产阶级）等。【例如】Theproletariatisthegreatestclassinthehistoryofmankind.Inthefieldsofproductionandscientificexperiment,mankindmakesconstantprogress.,3)复数型。这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的，就是说它们只有单数形式，但表达的都是复数概念。它强调的是集体中的个体性。这类名词有：police,cattle,faculty,flock,vermin,personnel等。它们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。【例如】Thepolicehavecaughtthemurder.Ourpersonnelareveryhighlytrained.E.g.Newmachineryisbeinginstalledinthefactory,4)单复同形型。这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数。作主语时，用单数动词或复数动词均可，有时意义区别不大。【例如】Theschoolteachingstaffare(is)excellent.Thepublicis(are)requestednottolitterinthepark.Theteachingprofessionclaim(s)tobebadlypaid.这类集合名词常见的有：class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience等。,根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体，就认为是单数，用单数动词；若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话，就认为其为复数，用复数动词。试比较：Thefootballteamisplayingwell.那个足球队打得非常漂亮。Thefootballteamareshavingsbathandarethencomingbackherefortea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后来这里吃茶点。Thefamilyisaveryhappyone.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭。ThatfamilyareverypleasedaboutthenewsofWilliamssuccess.全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴。,66.thegirlcannotcometoschooltodayonaccountoftheflu.A.concerningB.forC.astoD.becauseofKeyD,Asto至于;关于Astothat,theyhaventdecidedyet.关于那一点,他们还未作决定。,67.MaryandJohnarebusylookingforahotelfortheirwedding_A.mealB.banquetC.refreshmentD.snackKeyB,refreshment(N-UNCOUNT不可数名词)食物；饮料Youcanrefertofoodanddrinkasrefreshment.MayIofferyousomerefreshment?我给你来点吃的怎样？,68.Mini-skirtsfirst_inthe1960sA.caughtonB.caughtinC.caughtoutD.caughtupKeyA,Catchon1.明白;认识到Ifyoucatchontosomething,youunderstandit,orrealizethatitishappening.HegotwhathecouldoutofmebeforeIcaughtontothekindofpersonhedturnedinto.我还没有意识到他已经变成了那样的人，他就已经从我这儿把能套走的都套走了。2.时兴;流行fsomethingcatcheson,itbecomespopular.Theideahasbeenaroundforageswithoutcatchingon.这个观点已经提出来有年头了，可是一直没被广泛接受。,catchin绊倒；给绊了一下；遇上雨；当场抓住catchout使原形毕露;抓住的短处Detectivesfollowedhimformonthshopingtocatchhimoutinsomedeception.侦探们跟踪了他几个月，希望能当场抓住他行骗。Hedidnotliketobecaughtoutondetails.他不喜欢在细节上被人抓住把柄。catchup赶上;追上;跟上Istoppedandwaitedforhertocatchup.我停住脚步，等她追上来。Wecaughtupwiththenuns.我们赶上了修女们。,69.thatoutburstatthemeetingwas_ofhisbadtemper.A.expositoryB.explanatoryC.illustrativeD.revealingKeyC,Expositoryadj.说明的，解释的expositorydocuments叙述注释性文献Explanatory解释性的;说明性的Explanatorystatementsortheoriesareintendedtomakepeopleunderstandsomethingbydescribingitorgivingthereasonsforit.Thesestatementsareaccompaniedbyaseriesofexplanatorynotes.这些陈述后面有一系列解释性注释。Theconceptwaslaterseentohaveexplanatorypower.这一概念其后被认为具有阐释力。,Illustrative起说明作用的;解说性的Ifyouusesomethingasanillustrativeexample,orforillustrativepurposes,youuseittoshowthatwhatyouaresayingistrueortomakeyourmeaningclearer.AsecondillustrativeexamplewastakenfromTheObservernewspaper.另一个说明性的例子摘自观察家报。Thefollowingexcerptisillustrativeofherinteractionwithstudents.接下来的节选部分可以说明她与学生的互动情况。,70.theearthquakerefugeesare_forfoodanblankets.A.desirousB.badlyoffC.seriouslyoffD.ambitiousKeyB,desirous渴望的;意欲的Ifyouaredesirousofdoingsomethingordesirousofsomething,youwanttodoitverymuchorwantitverymuch.Desirousofknowingsomethingabouttheoperations,Istoodandwatchedthespectacle.因为非常希望了解那些行动的情况，我就站着观看那场面。Theenemyissodesirousofpeacethathewillagreetoanyterms.敌方急欲求和，什么条件他都会答应。,badlyoff1.处于困境的；境况不佳的Ifyouarebadlyoff,youareinabadsituation.TheaverageworkingweekinJapanis42.3hours,comparedwith41.6intheUK,sotheyarenottoobadlyoff.日本每周平均工作时间为42.3小时，和英国的每周41.6小时相比，他们的情况并不算太糟。2.缺钱的；贫穷的Ifyouarebadlyoff,youdonothavemuchmoney.Itisoutrageousthatpeopledoingwell-paidjobsshouldmoanabouthowbadlyofftheyare.那些有着高薪工作的人竟然还抱怨自己多么缺钱，真是过分。,71.whenLindaheardthegoodnewsshetriedtosoundcasual,butherexcitementwasobvious.A.uncaringB.disinterestedC.withoutplanD.withoutwarningKeyB,disinterested1.(指人)公正的，无私的Someonewhoisdisinterestedisnotinvolvedinaparticularsituationornotlikelytobenefitfromitandisthereforeabletoactinafairandunselfishway.Thecurrentsolesuperpowerisfarfrombeingadisinterestedobserver.当前唯一的超级大国远不是一个公正的旁观者。Scientists,ofcourse,canbeexpectedtobeimpartialanddisinterested.当然，人们会认为科学家们理所当然是公正客观的。2.不感兴趣的;不关心的;冷漠的Ifyouaredisinterestedinsomething,youarenotinterestedinit.SomeusersofEnglishbelievethatitisnotcorrecttousedisinterestedwiththismeaning.Wehadbothbecomejaded,disinterested,anddisillusioned.我们俩都已经倦了，腻了，也死心了。LilihadclearlyregainedherappetitebutDoranwasdisinterestedinfood.莉莉显然已经恢复了食欲，但多兰却提不起胃口。,Uncaring不关心他人疾苦的；冷漠的；无情的Ifyoudescribesomeoneasuncaring,youarecriticalofthemfornotcaringaboutotherpeople,especiallypeoplewhoareinabadsituation.Itportrayshimascoldanduncaring.其中把他描绘成了一个冷漠无情的人。.thisuncaringattitudetowardsthelesswelloff.这种对穷人漠不关心的态度,72.mostChinesepeoplewenttoworkbybikewithinliving_A.mindB.knowledgeC.memoryD.scopeKeyC,短语withinlivingmemory现在还被人记着,Scope不可数名词1.机会;施展余地Ifthereisscopeforaparticularkindofbehaviouroractivity,peoplehavetheopportunitytobehaveinthiswayordothatactivity.Hebelievedingivinghisstaffscopeforinitiative.他认为应给员工提供发挥主动性的机会。Bankshadincreasedscopetodevelopnewfinancialproducts.银行已为开发新的金融产品留出了更大余地。2.N-SING单数名词(活动、话题或作品的)范围Thescopeofanactivity,topic,orpieceofworkisthewholeareawhichitdealswithorincludes.MrDobsonpromisedtowidentheorganisationsscopeofactivity.多布森先生许诺拓宽该组织的活动范围。.thescopeofanovel.小说所涉及的范围,73.thespeakerwasverygoodat_hisideasduringthediscussion.A.puttingasideB.puttingacrossC.puttingbackD.puttingoffKeyB,Putacross描述出；解释清楚；使被人理解Whenyouputsomethingacrossorputitover,yousucceedindescribingorexplainingittosomeone.Hehastakenoutahalf-pageadvertisementinhislocalpapertoputhispointacross.他拿出他们当地报纸上的半页广告来说明他的观点。Thisisactuallyaveryentertainingbookputtingoverserioushealthmessages.这实际上是一本非常有趣的书，讲述了大量的健康知识。,Putaside把放在一边；（暂时）丢开；把留作以后使用Ifyouputsomethingaside,youkeepittobedealtwithorusedatalatertime.Shetookupasliceofbread,brokeitnervously,thenputitaside.她拿起一片面包，焦虑不安地把它掰碎，又放在一边。Encouragechildrentoputasidesomeoftheirpocket-moneytobuyChristmaspresents.应当鼓励孩子们省下一部分零花钱来买圣诞礼物。,Putoff推迟；拖延Ifyouputsomethingoff,youdelaydoingit.Womenwhoputoffhavingababyoftenmakethebestmothers.晚育的女性经常会成为最优秀的母亲。TheAssociationhasputtheeventoffuntilOctober.协会已把这次活动推迟至10月。,74.thefoodisgoodatthishotel,butthe_ispoor,thewaitersdontseemtobewelltrained.A.service.B.repairC.chargeD.maintenanceKeyA,75.slaverywas_inAmericainthe19thcentury.A.terminatedB.cancelledC.abandonedD.abolishedKeyD,76Mercifully,IwasabletocompleteallIhadtodowithinafewdays.A.efficiently.B.surprisinglyC.fortunatelyD.shortlyKeyC,Merciful1.仁慈的;宽厚的IfyoudescribeGodorapersoninapositionofauthorityasmerciful,youmeanthattheyshowkindnessandforgivenesstopeople.2.（尤指因结束了某人的痛苦或不适）幸运的,有福气的Ifyoudescribeaneventorsituationasmerciful,youmeanthatitisagoodthing,especiallybecauseitstopssomeonessufferingordiscomfort.Weweretoldwhenhewastakentohospitalthathisinjuriesweresoseveredeathwouldbemerciful.他被送到医院时，医生告诉我们他伤势过重，死亡对他算是一种幸运的解脱。Eventuallythesessioncametoamercifulend.这次开庭的最终结果令人庆幸。,Shortlyadv不多时;不久;立刻Ifsomethinghappensshortlyafterorbeforesomethingelse,ithappensnotlongaftero