大学英语四级写作讲解应用文PPT课件

.,1,大学英语四级写作,.,2,Review,.,3,漫画作文写法,第一段：描图，第二段：对图画所反映的现象进行解释，第三段：个人就此发表看法或提出观点。,.,4,第一段：描图：对图画的内容进行具体的描述好句子）,1.Whatavividcartoonitprovestobe!2.Theunderlyingmeaningembodiedinitcannotbeunderrated,inthatthecartoonreflectsanotuncommonsocialissue,fromwhichwecanclearlyobservethat3.Howimpressivethecartoonisindescribingthemostwidespreadsocialphenomenonconcerningtheindependenceofthechildren.,.,5,第一段：描图：对图画的内容进行具体的描述好句子）,4.Theauthorsrealpurposeisnotthedrawingitself,buttoleadustosecurewhathidesbehindthepicture.,.,6,第二段：阐述具体的现象或原因好句子）,1.Itisauniversally-heldviewthattheabove-mentionedcartoondeeplyillustratesasocialissuewhichiscatchingmoreandmoreattentionfromthegeneralpubliccurrently.2.Andthen,Whatprovetobethereasonsleadingtoit?Admittedly,3reasonsstatedasfollowscanbetakenbeaccountableforit.3.Firstandforemost,（阐释具体的现象或原因）moreimportantly,（阐释具体的现象或原因），lastbutnottheleast.,.,7,第二段：阐述具体的现象或原因好句子）,4.Whatarethereasonsforit?Inthefollowingsentences,Illventuretoexplorethereasons.,.,8,第三段：结论好句子,1.Accordingtomypersonalperspective,somestrongandeffectivemeasuresshouldbeimplementedtoputanendtothisissue,（如果是不好的社会现象就用这句话），2.（someeffectivemeasuresshouldbeimplementedtobeinsupportofit（如果是好的现象就用这句话）.3.Ontheonehand,organizationconcernedshoulddotheirbesttomakerigorouslawsandregulations,4.ontheotherhand,thesocietyasawholeshouldenhancetheirpublicawareness,onlybytakingthesemeasures,canwehaveitresolvedcompletely.,.,9,重温模板,.,10,Para1Howimpressivethecartoonisindescribingthemostwidespreadsocialphenomenonconcerningtheindependenceofthechildren.Letstakeacloserlookatthedrawing,thegirltoldhermothershewasacceptedbytheuniversityofhermotherschoicewithpride.Theauthorsrealpurposeisnotthedrawingitself,buttoleadustosecurewhathidesbehindthepicture.,.,11,Para2,Thecartoondeeplyillustratesasocialissuewhichiscatchingmoreandmoreattentionfromthegeneralpubliccurrently.Whatprovetobethereasonsleadingtoit?3reasonsstatedasfollowscanbetakenbeaccountableforit.Firstandforemost,（阐释具体的现象或原因）moreimportantly,（阐释具体的现象或原因），lastbutnottheleast.,.,12,Para3,Accordingtomypersonalperspective,1.somestrongandeffectivemeasuresshouldbeimplementedtoputanendtothisissue,（如果是不好的社会现象就用这句话），2.（someeffectivemeasuresshouldbeimplementedtobeinsupportofit（如果是好的现象就用这句话）.Ontheonehand,organizationconcernedshoulddotheirbesttomakerigorouslawsandregulations,ontheotherhand,thesocietyasawholeshouldenhancetheirpublicawareness.Onlybytakingthesemeasures,canwehaveitresolvedcompletely.,.,13,.,14,破题思路：第一段：描述漫画内容，引出文章主题：电脑的使用越来越广泛，使用的时间也越来越长。第二段：分析该现象的原因。第三段：提出措施解决。或得出自己的结论。,.,15,Thispicturevividlydescribesthatthepersonusesacomputerinthewholedayevenwhenhefallsasleepatnight.Whatthecartoonconveysistheimpactofcomputersonpeople.Newproductsarebeinginventedeveryminuteofeveryday,allofwhichwillholdswayoverpeopleinsomerespects.,.,16,However,inallthesetechnologiesandproducts,computershaveexertedthemostimportantinfluenceonpeople.Somepeopleassertthatcomputershavemadelifemorecomplexandstressful,whilesomepeoplebelievethatcomputershavemadelifeeasierandmoreconvenient.NowmanyofmyclassmatesliketosurftheInternetintheirfreetime.IthinkInternetcanbringusbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Forexample,ifIhavesometroublestudying，Icansurftheinternettofindmorehelpfulinformation.However,Internetcanmakesomeproblemsatthesametime.,.,17,Inaword,inspiteofthefactthecomputerappearstohavemadelifemorecomplexandstressful,Ifeelthattheadvantagesaremoreobvious,whichhavebecomeanintegralpartofeverydaylife.,.,18,Newlesson,.,19,作文模板：图表类,.,20,写作步骤1.直观描述图表内容.2.具体分析图表，提出问题或现状.3.提出解决办法或自己的观点.,.,21,basedon基于category种类，范畴chart图表graph图表table表格figure数字data数据statistics统计数据indicate表明reveal表明suggest表明imply暗指rank列为，排列rate比率respectively分别地amount数量，数额,有代表性的词汇,.,22,表示上升趋势lncrease增加grow增长rise上升surge猛增soar猛增rocket迅速增长goup上升jump暴涨leap飞跃shoot上涨climbto上升mount增长ascend上升ontherise上升spiralupwards螺旋上升swell增大experienceanexplosivegrowth迅猛增长,.,23,针对不同的图表有不同的描述方式，比如：泛指一份数据图表一般用adatagraph/chart/diagram/illustration/table、饼图用piechart、直方图或柱形图用barchart/histogram、趋势曲线图用linechart/curvediagram、表格图用table、流程图或过程图用flowchart/sequencediagram、程序图用processing/proceduresdiagram。,1.直观描述图表内容.,.,24,而常用的描述图表内容的句式类型很多，考生可以重点记忆一些常用的但是又不失新颖的句式，例如：Ascanbeseenfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures，table/chart/diagram/graphfigures(that)Itisapparentfromthefigures/statistics、Accordingtothetable/chartdiagram/graph等等。,.,25,描述完图表的内容以后，和其他类作文一样，考生需要从图表中总结出图表想要传达的信息，存在的问题、现状、观点等等，在描述这些内容时通常会用到一些对比分析的词汇和句式，例如：数据在某一个时间段固定不变用fixedintime、在一系列的时间段中转变用changesovertime、波动用fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave、稳定用remainstable/stabilize/leveloff，最常用的两种表达形式是动词+副词形式或者形容词+名词形式。形容数据变化的重要词汇大家也可以记住一些典型的，比如：dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的，sharp/sharply锐利的、明显的、急剧的，steady/steadily稳固的、坚定不移的，slight/slightly轻微的、略微地，rapid/rapidly迅速的、飞快的、险峻的。,2.具体分析图表，提出问题或现状.,.,26,考生最主要需要掌握的就是分析图表时需要用的一些特定句型，例如：thetableshowsthechangesinthenumberofovertheperiodfromto、thegraphprovidessomeinterestingdataregarding、thisisacuregraphwhichdescribesthetrendof、overtheperiodfromtotheremainedlevel等等，这些句式大家在写作时完全可以直接套用，既能吸引人眼球又能省时省力。,.,27,提出解决办法或自己的观点在作文的结尾段，考生需要对文章内容有个总结，并由此得出自己的观点或者解决这个问题与现状的方法，这个时候考生平时练习的提纲型作文模板的尾段也可以放到这里用，当然这一部分在描述得时候也有自己常用的词汇与句式模板，例如：thedata/statistics/figuresleadustotheconclusionthat等。,.,28,表示下降趋势decrease降低，减少fall下降drop下降decline下降godown下降slide下滑reachthebottomof降到底部onthedecline处于减少趋势slump暴跌takeanosedive迅速下降wane变小，衰落reduction减少,.,29,表示平稳趋势consistent一致的steady稳定的stable稳定的hardlychange几乎不变leveloff变平，稳定remainconstant保持稳定staythesame保持一致maintain保持表示波动趋势swing摇摆，摆动fluctuate波动，涨落fluctuation波动，起伏,.,30,表示程度dramatic剧烈的drastic急剧的slight轻微的，微小的somewhat稍微，些许suddenly突然地substantial重要的considerably相当地sharply锐利地，急剧地steep急剧升降的rapid迅速的，飞快的,.,31,作文模板：图表类Asisshown/indicated/illustratedbythefigure/percentageinthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart),_作文题目的议题_hasbeenonrise/decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadilyrising/decreasingfrom_in_to_in_.Fromthesharp/markeddecline/riseinthechart,itgoeswithoutsayingthat_.Thereareatleasttwogoodreasonsaccountingfor_.Ontheonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_isduetothefactthat_.Inaddition,_isresponsiblefor_.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow_.Butitisgenerallybelievedthattheabovementionedreasonsarecommonlyconvincing.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iholdthepointofviewthat_.Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.,.,32,Whatisshowninthechart/graph/diagram/tableaboveindicatesthatinrecentyears,moreandmorepeoplepayattentionto_.Thenumberofthosewho_hasincreased_,andfurthermore,_.Therearetwofactorsresponsibleforthechanges.Inthefirstplace,_.Moreover,_.Yet,itisnoticeablethat_.Fromtheanalysis,wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthat_.Itispossiblethatinthefuture,thetendencywill_.,作文模板：图表类,.,33,Accordingtothebarchart/piechart/linegraphdisplaysthechangesinthenumberof_(图表整体趋势).Therewasanincreasein_(图表细节).Atthepointof_,_reachesitspeakvalueof_(数据或变化).Whathascausedthesechanges?Therearemainlythreereasons.Firstly,_(原因一).Secondly,_(原因二).Thenumberof_increasedovertheperiod._roseby_from_to_.Andtherewere_.Finally,_(最后一个原因).Inconclusion/Wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthat_(结论).Therefore,_(进一步谈论更多个人想法).,作文模板：图表类,.,34,.,35,Para1ThepastyearshavewitnessedamountingnumberofChinesescholarsreturningfromoverseas.Asislivelyillustratedbythecolumnchart,thenumberofreturneesclimbedfromamere69.3thousandin2008toover272.9thousandin2012,atanannualincreaserateofaround50%.,.,36,Para2Amultitudeoffactorsmayhaveledtothetendencyrevealedbythechart,butthefollowingarethecriticalonesfrommyperspective.Firstandforemost,alongwiththedevelopmentofChineseeconomyandsociety,thenumberofChinesestudyingabroadhasbeensoaringinthepastyears,whichhasprovidedanexpandingbaseforthenumberofreturnees.Inthesecondplace,thegovernmenthasenactedaseriesofpreferentialpoliciestoattractoverseasChinesescholarsbackhome.Lastbutnotleast,theboomingeconomy,scienceandtechnologyinthiscountryhavegeneratedmoreattativejobopportunitesforscholarsreturningfromoverseas.,.,37,Para3Thewavesofreturneeswilldefinitelycontributetothisnationsdevelopment,sincetheyhavebroughtbacknotonlyadvancedscienceandtechnologybutalsopioneeringconceptsofeducationandmanagement.Withmorescholarscomingbackfromoverseas,andwiththeconcertedeffortsofthewholenation,wehavereasonstoexpectafasterrejuvenationofthiscountry.,.,38,newlesson,.,39,应用文应用文中的信函，也是四级作文设计的试题之一。在这类题型中，考生会读到一个特定的场景，试题要求考生按照这个场景给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因、动机、目的和愿望等。文章所设及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近。书信的类型可能变化万千，如邀请信、申请信、感谢信、道歉信等，但是万变不离其宗，只要掌握了英语书信的格式，并应用恰当的句式和语句，就一定能够写出好的文章来。,.,40,建议信投诉信拒绝信祝贺信道歉信申请信求职信邀请信感谢信慰问信倡议书活动海报,.,41,实例1-2002年1月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。,.,42,January12th,2002DearMr.President,Iamastudenthere.Iwriteyouthislettertosayafewwordsaboutthedininghallsinthisuniversity.First,thefoodinthedininghallsisnotdeliciousenough,eithertoosaltyortoowatery,especiallyinDiningHall3.Second,thepricesindininghallareveryhighandusuallywecannotaffordit.Third,thedininghallsarealwaysverycrowedandwecanseldomfindseatsifarrivingtherenotearlyenoughandthetablesarenotcleanedintime.Anyway,whatisgoodisthattheworkingstaffinthedininghallsarequitekind,friendlyandpatient,andtheyusuallytrytheirbesttomeetthedemandofthestudentsandteachers.ThusIsuggestenlargingthedininghallsandimprovingthequalityoffoodsandreducingthepricestowhatisacceptabletoallthestudents.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely,LiMing,.,43,实例2-2003年12月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetterinreplytoafriendsinquiryaboutapplyingforadmissiontoyourcollegeoruniversity.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:建议报考的专业及理由报考该专业的基本条件应当如何备考,.,44,ALetterofReplytoaFriendDecember27,2003DearWhenitcomestowhichmajoryoushouldchoose,IproposethatyouapplyforthemajorofEnglish.Tobeginwith,Englishisthemostpopularlanguageintheworld,whichiswidelyusedinallfieldssuchasteaching,translation,foreigntradeandsoon.Whatsmore,itgoeswithoutsayingthatEnglishmajorsaremorelikelytofindagoodjobinthetighterandtighterjobmarket.InordertostudyatEnglishDepartment,youhavetomeetthefollowingrequirements.Inthefirstplace,youhavetospendalotoftimeonit,justastheoldsayinggoes,Practicemakesperfect.Inthesecondplace,thebasicskillsofreading,writing,listeningandspeakingarenecessary,becausetheyarethefoundationsforyourfuturestudy.Lastbutnottheleastimportant,youneedanintenseinterestinlearningEnglishsinceinterestisthebestteacher.Asfarasthepreparationworkisconcerned,youshouldfirstofallreviewalltherequiredvocabulary.Inaddition,youdbetterspendsometimeonreadingandwriting.Onlythroughthesemeasurescanyouhopetoenrollinouruniversity.Yours,.,45,实例3-2001年6月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealetter.SupposeyouareZhangYing.WritealettertoXiaoWang,aschoolmateofyourswhoisgoingtovisityouduringtheweek-longholiday.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsaccordingtothesuggestionsgivenbelowinChinese.表示欢迎提出过度假安排的建议提醒应注意的事项,.,46,ALettertoaSchoolmateJune23,2001DearXiaoWang,ImveryhappythatyouwillcometoBeijingandspendholidayswithme.ItisalongtimethatwehaventseeneachotherandImissyouverymuch.Ihavealwaysbeenlookingforwardtoyourarrival.SinceyouwillstayinBeijingforaweek,Isuggestyouvisitsomeplacesofinterests,suchastheGreatWall,thePalaceMuseum,theSummerPalace,theTianAnMenSquare,MountFregranceandetc.Iftimepermits,IcanshowyouaroundsomefamousuniversitieslikePekingUniversity,TsinghuaUniversityandsoon,whichareworthyourvisit.Astheweatherhereischangeable,Iproposeyoutowearmoreclothesincasethatitisgettingcolder.ComehereassoonaspossibleandIcantwaittomeetyou.Wishyouasafeandpleasanttriphere.Yours,.,47,实例4-2003年6月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteAnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：车祸发生的时间及地点你所见到的车祸情况你对车祸原因的分析,.,48,AnEye-witnessAccountofaTrafficAccidentLastFridaymorningIwasstandingatthebusstopwaitingforBusNo.375.Becauseseverallinespassbythestationanditwasrushhour,manypeoplehadgatheredtherebeforenextbuscame,someoffthepavement,othersonthelawn.Abuspulledintothestationatlast.BeforeIrecognizedthenumberofthepackedbus,peoplealreadythrongedforwardandfoughttheirwaytothedoor.SuddenlyIheardsomebodyshoutHelp!Help!Itwasfromthecrowd.Allthepassengerslookedtowardthepointwherethesoundcamefrom.Apregnantwomanwaslyingontheroadnearbythebusdoor,bleedingallover.Iwasfrightenedanddazed.Anambulancecameandtookthewomantohospital.Busescameandwent,butIjuststoodthere,lostinthought.Pobablybecausetimeandtidewaitfornoman,peopleinmodernsocietyarealwaysinahurry,lesttheyshouldbeleftbehindandevendismissed.Therecanneverbepeaceofmind.Thusrisesthenumberoftrafficaccident.Iftherewerelesspressureonpeople,theremightbefeweraccidents.,.,49,2005年1月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacampaignspeechinsupportofyourelectiontothepostofchairmanofthestudentunion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作，2如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？,实例5-,.,50,Goodmorning.Myfellowfriends,Ifeelverygladandexcitedtohavethehonorofbeingacandidateforthepresidentofthestudentsunion.IamajuniorandcomefromtheForeignLanguagedepartment.IthinkIcanbequalifiedtoworkfortheunionasthepresidentforthefollowingreasons.IjoinedthedepartmentstudentsunionthemomentIenteredthisuniversity,andhavebeenthepresidentofthatorganizationoneyearlater.Consequently,Ihaveaccumulatedrichexperiencesinorganizationactivitiesandcommunicatingwithstudents.Besides,Ihaveabeliefofservingforthebenefitsofstudentsandthatoftheuniversityaswell.Bothmyfellowdepartment-matesandteachersallgivemehighpraisesduetothecontributionsImadeduringmyterm.Moreimportantly,IbelieveIamadynamicpersonfullofpassionforavarietyofthings.Iamonememberoftheschoolbasketballteam.IfIamluckyenoughtobeelectedthepresident,Iwillcontributegreateffortstoservetheinterestsofourschool.Specificallyspeaking,Iwillorganizevariousactivitiesanddomoreexchangeswithotherschoolstohelpourlearningandmakethelifeevenmorecolorful.Isincerelyhopeyoumaygivemeachance.Thankyou.,.,51,1建议信模板,.,52,2批评、抱怨、投诉信模板,.,53,求职申请信模板,.,54,（1）建议信Dear_,Imvery_toknow/learnthat_.Iamwritingtovoicemysuggestions/proposals/viewsconcerning_.Inmyopinion,_.Ontheonhand,_.Ontheotherhand,_.Asto_,Iwouldliketosuggest/recommendthat_,because_.Itwouldbe_.Inaddition,_.Iamsurethat_.Pleaseinformmeofyourfeedbackon_.Iamlookingforwardto_.Trulyyours,_,.,55,（2）投诉信Dear_,Mynameis_,andIam_.Iventuretowriteyoualetterabout_.Thefocusofthecomplaintis_.Foronthing,_.Foranother,_.Underthesecircumstances,Ifound/findit_.Honestlyspeaking,_.Inaddition,_.Allinall,thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement.Idohope_.Thankyouforyourtimeandkindconsideration.Sincerelyyours,_,.,56,（3）拒绝信Dear_,Thankyouverymuchfor_.Tobehonest,_.However,thecurrentsituationdoesnotallowmetodothis.Thishasbeenadifficuledecisionforme,butIhavetodothis.Ontheonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_.Inviewofthese,Iregretthat_.Ihopethisdoesnotbringyoumuchinconwenience.Ifeelverysorrytodisappointyou.If_,Iwill_.Idoappreciateyour_.Meanwhile,Iwish_.Sincerelyyours_,.,57,(4)祝贺信Dear_,Ihavejustlearntthat_.Ihastentotenderyouawordofcongratulationsonthissplendidsuccessof_.Itisindeedaremarkablethingfor_.Thesuccessofyour_provesnotonly_,butalso_.Again,pleaseacceptmywarmcongratulationsandpleasegivemybestwishesto_.Sincerelyyours,_,.,58,(5)道歉信Dear_,Iamterriblysorrytotellyouthat_,andIamwritingthislettertoshowmydeepregret.Pleaseacceptmysincereapologywithgratitude.Ihopeyouwillunderstandmysituationandexcusemefor_.Thereasonwhy_isthat_.Underthatcircumstance,_.Therefore,itwasnotmypowerto_.Ifpossible,Iwouldliketosuggestthat_.Ishallbeobligedifyouwillkindlywriteandtellme_.Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.Yours,_,.,59,(6)申请信Dear_,Mynameis_,andI_.Iamwritingto_.Iwillbeverygratefulifmyapplicationcanbeconsideredandaccepted.Thereareseveralfactorscontributingtomyapplication.Firstofall,_.Besides,_.furthermore,_.Therefore,_.Isincerelyhopeyouwillgrantme_.Ifyouneedmoreinformation,fellfreetocontactmeatanytimebycalling_.ThankyouforyourkindconsiderationandIamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Sincerelyyours,_,.,60,(7)求职信Dear_,Iam_andIwouldliketoapplyforthepositionof_postedon_.Ihaveattachedacopyofmyresumeforconsideration.Ibelievemyqualificationsareidealmatchforyourrequirements.Iamamajorin_,andIwillgraduatein_.Inadditiontomyexperienceof_,I_.Ibelievemyeducationandexperience_.Youwillfindmetobe_.Iwouldappreciateyourtimeinreviewingmyenclosedresumeandifthereisanyadditionalinformationyourequire,pleasefeelfreetocontactme.Itwouldbegreatifyougivemeanopportunitytomeetyouforinterview.Bestregard