研究生综合教程(上)考试翻译整理.doc

Unit41. Babies and children deprived of love have been known to develop a wide variety of problems- for example, depression, headaches, physiological impairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic diffi译文：众所周知，缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题，如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病，这些病有时会伴随他们一生。2. Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships 译文：很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感联系。3. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills .译文：在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。4. People who dont like themselves may not be able to return love but may constancy seek love relationships to bolster their own poor self-images.译文：不喜欢自己的人也许不懂得回报爱，而却有可能不停地寻找爱的关系来改变卑微的自我形象。5. What we mean by love depends on whether we are talking about love for family members, friends, or lovers. Love has been a source of inspiration, wry witticisms, and even political action for many centuries.译文：爱对我们来说意味着什么，这取决于我们所指的是家之间、朋友之间还是恋人之间的爱。几百年来爱都是灵感、俏皮的揶揄、甚至政治活动的来源。6. If respect and caring are missing, the relationship is not based on love. Instead, it is an unhealthy or possessive dependency that limits the lovers social, emotional, and intellectual growth.译文：如果美玉尊重和关怀，两人的关系就不是建立在爱的基础上；反而成为一种不健康的或者是具有占有欲的依赖，这会限制恋人双方在社会、情感和治理方面的发展。7. This type of love is neither exciting nor thrilling but is relatively mundane and unromantic. It means paying bills, putting out the garbage, scrubbing toilet bowls, being up all night with a sick baby, and performing myriad other oatmeal 译文：这种爱既不令人激动也不令人兴奋，但是它却是实实在在的，不浪漫的。它回复账单，倒垃圾，刷马桶，孩子生病时守夜，以及完成其他各种各样的不那么性感的“搅燕麦粥”的任务。8. We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are filtered out by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due to factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, 译文：我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。9. Although romance may cross cultural or ethnic borders, criticism and approval teach us what is acceptable romantic behavior and with whom. One might lust for someone, but these yearnings 译文：虽然爱情可以跨越文化和民族的界线，但批评和赞同教会了我们什么是可以接受的浪漫行为和与谁发生浪漫行为。一个人也许会对另一个人产生“欲望”，但是如果有强烈的文化或族群反对，我们中的大多数人即使有这样的渴望也不会因此而爱上某人的。10. Healthy loving relationships, whether physical or not (such as love for family members), reflect a balance of caring, intimacy, and commitment.译文；健康的恋爱关系，不管它们是有性的或是无性的（比如对家人的爱)都反映了关怀、亲密和忠诚的平衡。Unit51. Yoga can be performed by those of any age and condition, although not all poses should be attempted by everyone.译文：虽然有些姿势并不适合所有人练习，但是任何年龄段的人在任何条件下都能练习瑜伽2. Beginners should exercise care and concentration when performing yoga postures, and not try to stretch too ；：much too quickly, as injury could result.译文：初学者在练习时应集中注意力，小心动作不要做得太过太快，以免受伤。3. Some advanced yoga postures, like the headstand and full lotus position, can be difficult and require strength, flexibility and gradual preparation.译文：一些高阶的瑜伽高难动作，如头倒立式或全莲花坐式，需要有很好的力量、柔韧性和日积月累的练习准备。4. Modern psychological studies have shown that even slight facial expressions can cause changes in the involuntary nervous system.译文：现代心理学研究表明，即使细微的表情变化也会引起神经系统的自主改变5. Yoga practitioners claim that the strengthening of mind/body awareness can bring eventual improvements in all facets of a persons life.译文：瑜伽练习者认为，精神/体质的加强最终将为生活的各方面都带来好处6. Yoga classes are generally inexpensive, averaging around 10 dollars per class, and students can learn basic postures in just a few classes.译文：瑜伽课的学费一般不贵，平均一堂课10美元，学员们在几节课内就能学会基础的瑜伽动作。7. Yoga has the added advantage of being a low-impact activity that uses only gravity as resistance, which makes it an excellent physical therapy routine.译文：瑜伽的另一个优点是，除了地心引力外，它不需承担额外的阻力，这使它成为身体治疗法的不二之选。8. Yoga is not a competitive sport; it does not matter how a person does in comparison with others, but how aware and disciplined one becomes with ones own body and limitations.译文： 瑜伽不是竞技体育，练瑜伽不需要和别人比，练瑜伽的目的是提高自己的觉悟和身心自律能力。9. Ongoing research in top medical schools is showing yogas effectiveness for overall health and for specific problems, making it an increasingly acceptable health practice.译文：越来越多的来自顶尖医学院的研究结果标明，瑜伽对全身健康和特殊病症都有好处，这也使越来越多的人接受这项健康的运动。10. Yoga slowly began gaining followers, and flourished during the 1960s when there was a surge of interest in Eastern philosophy.译文：慢慢地有人开始练习瑜伽,并在20世纪60年代东方哲学盛行的时候形成了学习瑜伽的高潮。Unit81. Seat belts still decrease our risk of dying in an accident, but the statistics are not all black and white.译：座椅安全带固然能降低我们在车祸中死亡的危险，但从统计数据看，情况并不是那么绝对。2. What he found was that contrary to conventional wisdom, mandating the use of seat belts in 18 countries resulted in either no change or actually a net increase in road accident deaths.译：他的发现与人们的普遍看法恰恰相反，在18个强制使用安全带的国家，要么交通事故死亡率根本没有变化，要么实际上反而导致了死亡率的净增长。3. Nor will these possible concerns exist in a vacuum. He will be taking into account the weather and the condition of the road, the amount of traffic and the capabilities of the car he is driving.译：这些可能的担心也不是孤立存在的，他还要考虑到天气和路况、交通拥挤的程度和所驾车子的性能。4. The point, stresses Adams, is that drivers who feel safe may actually increase the risk that they pose to other drivers, bicyclists, pedestrians and their own passengers.译：亚当斯强调说，问题就在于自我感觉安全的司机们实际上对其他司机、骑自行车者、行人和自己车上的乘客来说是更大的危险。5. In the case of seat belts, instead of a simple, straightforward reduction in deaths, the end result is a more complicated redistribution of risk and fatalities.译：安全带并非简单、直截了当地减少死亡人数，而是对风险和死亡事故进行了更加复杂的再分配。6. In everyday life, risk is a moving target, not a set number as statistics might suggest. In addition to external factors, each individual has his or her own internal comfort level with risk-taking.译：日常生活中，风险是不断移动的靶子，而并不像统计数据那样是个固定数字。除了外部因素外，每个人对于冒险都有自己内在的安全尺度。7. Some are daring while others are cautious by nature. And still others are fatalists who may believe that a higher power devises mortality schedules that fix a predetermined time when our number is up.译：有些人天生大胆而有些人天生谨慎，还有些人是宿命论者，他们会认为，有一种更强大的力量设计了死亡时间表，预先决定了我们的死期。8. Consequently, any single measurement assigned to the risk of driving a car is bound to be only the roughest sort of benchmark.译：因此，对驾车风险做任何单一的测算所得到的肯定只是最粗略的基准数据。9. The bottom line is that risk doesnt exist in a vacuum and that there are a host of factors that come into play, including the rewards of risk, whether they are financial, physical or emotional.译：问题的要点就在于风险并不是孤立存在的，它会受到许多因素的影响，包括承担风险所带来的种种回报无论是财产方面的、身体方面的，还是情感方面的。10. We make dozens of risk calculations daily, but you can book odds that most of them are so automatic or visceral that we barely notice them.译：我们每天要做几十遍风险计算，但是可以确信的是，多数时候人们对风险的计算自然而然或者说是出于本能，以至于我们几乎注意不到我们在做计算。Unit11. We hold them up to the standards we see in our people. If it looks like they have these same traits, well place a bet on them.译：我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出来的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。2. The business environment is less wolf-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. You just cant succeed in an industry environment without this mindset. 译：企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。3. Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other your stars.译：许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。4. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goal- and documenting the results on your resume. 译：你可以提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作-并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。5. This approach, combined with a liberal use of the pronoun “we” and not just “I” when describing your accomplishments, can change the companys perception of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator.译：这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。6. Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations- and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls.译：更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人-还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。7. This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast and have the courage to act on their convictions. 译：这样，不仅对那些行动迅速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。8. Business success is often defined by comfort with ambiguity and risk-personal, organizational, and financial. This creates a disconnect for many scientists because success in academia is really more about careful, studied research.译：商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险-个人的，组织上和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感动不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。9. To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his master of things.译：对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。10. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets译：想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。Unit21. Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture, which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world.1.中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。2.In addition to these traditional cuisines, the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes, as almost every place has its own local specialties, and as the different cuisine gather together in big cities, such 2.中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化：每个地方都形成自己的特色菜；不同的菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。3.Sichuan, known as Natures Storehouse, is also a storehouse of cuisine. Here, each and every restaurant provides delicious yet economical culinary fare.3.被誉为“天府之国”的四川也是个美食之都。在那里的任何一家餐馆都能找到既可口又经济实惠的美食。4.As one of the earliest ports open to foreign trade, the province has developed a culinary with its own characteristics that has exerted a far-reaching influence on other parts of China as well as throughout the world where it is the most commonly 4.作为最早对外开放的通商口岸之一，广东省的餐饮文化独具特色，对中国其他地方乃至全世界产生了深远的影响。5.Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature.5.浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美、酥嫩，带着自然的清香。6.Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as in other parts of world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.6.中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。7.A good name can make the dish more interesting; however, some names are so eccentric that they may confuse people, both Chinese and foreigners. If you only translate the name literally with no explanation, you could make a fool of yourself.7.一个好名字能使这道菜更有意思，但有些菜名太怪异了，听起来让人一头雾水，不要说外国人难以理解，就是中国人往往也不是很清楚。你要是望文生义，准得闹出笑话来。8. Often the young and old still sit in order of seniority, and the elders select food for the young while the young make toasts to the elders. Chinese people like to create a lively, warm, and harmonious atmosphere during meals.8.吃饭时，年长的和年少的按照年龄大小依次坐好，长辈为晚辈夹菜，晚辈给长辈敬酒。中国人喜欢营造出一派欢乐、温馨、和谐的气氛。9. A hostess or host in China will apportion the best parts of the dishes to guests. Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he places the best part of a steamed fish or the most tender piece of meat on the plate of the most important guests.9.在中国，主人会把最好的菜分给客人。他们用公筷把清蒸鱼最好的部分或最嫩的肉夹给最重要的来宾。10.In a sense, it has strengthened the collective spirit of the nation. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group; with the eating process also being a time to show humility and concern for others.10.从某种意义上说，它增强了人们的集体主义精神。无论在聚会还是在宴席上，人们首先考虑大家的需求，把吃饭当成是谦卑有礼和关怀他人的场合。Unit31. In her wildest dreams, she didnt think her Harry Potter books would appeal to more than a handful of readers.2. Amazingly, Rowling keeps her several plotlines clear of each other until the end, when she deftly brings everything together in a cataclysmic conclusion.3. When the book finally went on sale at 12:01 am. Saturday, thousands of children in Britain and North America rushed to claim their copies.4. The only sour note in all the songs of joy over this phenomenon has come from some parents and conservative religious leaders who say Rowling advocates witchcraft.5. But perhaps the