高考英语知识点解析Unit34单词聚焦

高考英语知识点解析Unit34单词聚焦 xx年高考已经开始倒计时，俗话说：“临阵磨刀，不快也光”，各位考生在此关键时刻千万不要放松，要继续武装自己。为此，出guo高考频道为xx考生特别推荐了一些高考试题和高考作文，大家可以用之作为额外的学习资源。预祝大家考出一个理想的成绩。 单词聚焦 1. advance的用法 构词：advanced adj. 高等的.先进的，高深的 搭配： in advance 在前头，预先，事先 in advance of 在前面;比进步;超过 on the advance (物价)在上涨 【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the _ maths. A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased 考查目标 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。 答案与解析C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。 2. before 的特殊用法 (1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。 (2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。) (3) It wasnt / didnt take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。 It wont be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。 3. chance的用法 搭配： by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许 by chance 偶然，意外地 take a / ones chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会 【考例6】 (xx南京模拟)Most of the _are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. A. work B. luck C. chances D. services 考查目标 chance的词义。 答案与解析 C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。 4. consider v. (1) 考虑 A) consider + n. / doing I consider going abroad. B) consider + 疑问词 + to do You have to consider what to do next. (2) 认为 A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj. I consider Mary as / to be my best friend. They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country. B) consider + n. + to have done I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 除了consideras表认为外，还有regardas ，look onas，takeas，think ofas 5. cost的用法 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的 搭配： cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱);让某人付出(代价)/牺牲 at all costs 不惜任何代价.无论如何 at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何 at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价 at the cost of 以为代价，用换来的;丧失;牺牲 【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would _ them. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste 考查目标 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。 答案与解析 C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的 名词.而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。 6. effect n. 效果;作用 have an effect on sth. His words had a great pushing effect on his students. (1) be of no effect 无效 (2) e into effect 开始生效;开始实行 比较 affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall. 7. experience的用法 构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的 搭配: by experience 凭经验;从经验中 from experience 凭经验;从经验中 gain experience in 获得经验 be experienced in 某方面有经验 友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。 【考例】 (xx山西模拟) _teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed. A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents 考查目标 experience的意思。 答案与解析 C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。 8. fear n. & vt. (1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词) His face was growing pale with fear. 忧虑;担心的事(可数) There is no reason for your fears. for fear of 由于怕，以防 He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train. for fear (that) 惟恐;怕的是;以防 She worried for fear that the child would be hurt. in fear of 害怕;担心 The thief was in fear of the police. (2) v. 恐惧;害怕，接 n. / pron. Cats fear big dogs. 恐惧;害怕，接to do Dont fear to tell the truth. 恐怕;担心，接从句 She feared that she might not find him in his room. 构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的;惧怕的，胆怯的;担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的 搭配： be in fear (of) (为而)提心吊胆 for fear of 因为怕;以免，怕的是 for fear that-clause 生怕;为了防止(某事发生) have a fear that-clause 担心/怕(发生某事) with fear 吓得，怕得 fear (vi.) for. 担心/忧虑 【考例】(xx江苏)He got to the station early, _ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search 考查目标 fear构成的短语的用法和意思。 答案与解析C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是。担心”。 9. fun n. 高兴;乐趣;有趣的人或事 (1) for fun 为了高兴;为着好玩 I only did it for fun. (2) make fun of 开的玩笑;取笑 It is wrong to make fun of a cripple. 比较 (1) laugh at 笑(某人);嘲笑 Its unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble. (2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑 10. means n. 手段;办法 (1) by means of 用;依靠 The water may be carried by means of a pipe. (2) by all means 一定;务必;(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地 Try by all / every means to persuade him to e. (3) by no means 完全不是;一点也不;决不 This is by no means the first time you have been late. 还有： by this means 用这种方法; by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段 【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by _ of evening job. A. ways B. offers C. means D.helps 考查目标 by means of 短语的意思。 答案与解析 C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。 11. normal adj. 正常的;正规的 the normal temperature, normal behavior (1) regular 规则的;有规律的 keep regular hours 生活有规律;按时作息 (2) mon普通的;常见的 Tom is a mon name in Britain. 共有的;共同的 have a mon interest 有着共同爱好 (3) usual 惯常的;惯例的 Its usual with him to go to the office on foot. (4) ordinary 平凡的;普通的 in ordinary dress 12. once的用法 搭配： all at once 突然;同时 at once 立刻，马上;同时 (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或 for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次; 破例一回 more than once 不止一次，多次 not once 一次也不 once again / more再一次 once and again一再，再三 once or twice 一两次;有时，偶尔 once too often又(多了)一次 ? once upon a time从前 【考例】(xx上海) _ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless 考查目标 连词once的用法和词义。 答案与解析 B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。 13. prefer v. 宁愿;更喜欢 (1) prefer + n. / pron. The boy preferred a detective story. (2) prefer + v. -ing Do you prefer living abroad? (3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home. (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing. (6) prefer to do.rather than do = would rather do . than do. 宁愿而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. (7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen. 14. protect的用法