2013届语法复习专题1.ppt

2013届语法复习专题四-动词的时态和语态,一般体-进行体-完成体-,一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在完成进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时,一般现在时,1.表经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用，如every,sometimes,onSunday等。2.表客观真理和科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Theteachertoldustheearth_aroundthesun.3.用于条件，时间，让步状语从句中，主将从现。IwillgowithyouassoonasI_(finish)mywork.Whateveryou_(say),Iwillnotchangemymind.4.用于文学作品和文学评论中。Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shakespeare_hischaracterslivethroughtheirlanguageinhisplays.A.willmakeB.hadmadeC.wasmakingD.makes,moves,finish,say,D,基础再练,IllgothereafterI_(finish)mywork.Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures_(take)Mytrain_(leave)at6:30.Asnow_(expect)tocomenextweek.Onthewall_(hang)apicture.Thiskindofcloth_(wash)well.Donttakeitaway.It_(belong)tome.Hesaidwater_(boil)at100C,finish,leaves,aretaken,isexpected,hangs,washes,belongs,boils,二.一般过去时与现在完成时,一般过去时表过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在毫无关系。常用的时间状语有：yesterday，justnow,lastyear,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。现在完成时则表示：1）一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还将持续下去），常用的时间状语有lately,inthelast/pastfewdays,sincethen,sofar等。2）过去的动作对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already,just,never,before等。cf:Heservedinthearmyfrom1959to1954.Hehasservedinthearmyfor5years.Hewrotemanyplayswhenhewasatcollage.Hehaswrittenmanyplays.,1.-Howwasthejourney?-Tiring!Alltheseatsinthetrain_.Istoodalltheway.A.wereoccupiedB.wouldbeoccupiedC.wouldoccupyD.hasoccupied2.HeworksinChinanow,buthe_inAfricaforeightyears.A.workedB.hasworkedC.hadworkedD.hasbeenworking3.-Look!Somebody_thesofa.-Well,itwasntme.Ididntdoit.A.iscleaningB.wascleaningC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned,A,A,C,基础再练,1.-Ihaventseenyouforages.Haventyougraduatedfromcollage?-Yes,I_(study)EnglishforfouryearsinNanjingUniversity.2.Where_you_(put)mybook?Icantfinditanywhere.3.Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he_(notleave)usmuchimpression.4.Mybrotherisanactor.He_(appear)inseveralfilmsinthepastfewyears.5.-Lipingmaynotcometonight.-Buthe_(promise).,studied,have,put,hasntleft,hasappeared,promised,三.一般将来时,1）will/shallwill用于各种人称，表现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，还可表必然趋势，临时决定等。Shall只用于第一人称。2）begoingtodo表计划或打算要做某事，还可表示根据现在迹象对未来进行推测。3）beabouttodo表立即的将来，因此不与将来的具体的时间状语连用。4）betodo表按计划或安排要做的事，意为应该，想，打算，注定会。5）有些动词如come,go,arrive,leave,begin等，其一般现在时，现在进行时亦可表按计划，安排将要发生的动作或状态。,基础再练,Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyoursafetybelt.Theplane_(take)off.Lookatthetimetable.Flight4026_(take)offat18:20.Ifyou_(succeed),youshouldworkhard.Lookatthedarkclouds.It_(rain)-Thelightisstillon.-Sorry.I_(go)andturnitoff.,istaking,takes,aretosucceed,isgoingtorain,willgo,四.过去完成时与将来完成时,1.过完表一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事先于它发生，即过去的过去。常用的时间状语有bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,before2000,hardly/scarcely/rarelywhen,nosoonerthan2.表意向的动词如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，常用过完表“原本而未能”Ihadhoped/expected/meant/intendedtodo,but=Ihoped/expectedtohavedonebut=Iwouldlike/lovetohavedonebut=Iwastohavedone/Iwasgoingtodo/Iwouldhavedonebut3.将完到将来某一时间，某动作将会完成。其结构为willhavedone.常用的时间状语为by+将来的某个时间。,基础再练,Helen_(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_(come)home.I_(hope)tomeetMr.Thompsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftinroom.Bythetimehe_(return)home,theworkhadbeenfinished.Bythetimehereturnshome,thework_(finish).WeplantoreachtheNorthPoleinmid-July,andbythenwe_(walk)forsixweeks.,hadleft,came,hadhoped,returned,willhavebeenfinished,willhavewalked,五.现进、过进、现在完成进行时、将来完成进行时,现在进行时表示：1）正在进行的情况。2）表反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always,continually,constantly连用。3）表渐变的动词如get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等常用进行时表动作的逐渐变化。不用于进行时的动词：1)事实状态的词：have,belong,possess,exist,等2)心理状态的词：know,think,realize,believe,want,等3）系动词：seem,remain,smell,feel,become,turn等。,过去进行时表过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行。常用的时间状语如：thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetoten,when,while等。将来进行时表将来某个时候或某时间段正在进行的动作。现在完成进行时表动作的未完成性和暂时性。,基础再练,1)-Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet.Therooms_(paint)2)Myfather_(fall)whilehe_(ride)hisbicycleand_(hurt)himself.3)-Whyarehereyesred?-She_(cry)4)He_(fly)overtheAtlanticatthistimetomorrow.5)You_always_(watch)TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?6)-Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?-No,butwe_(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.,arebeingpainted,fell,wasriding,hurt,hasbeencrying,willbeflying,are,watch,havebeentrying,主动语态与被动语态,基本构成be+过去分词注意点：1.主动形式表被动1).系动词look,sound,feel,taste,appear,seem,prove,turn,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj./n.Thesteelfeelscold./Ithasgonebad.2).表示开始，结束，运动的动词如begin,finish,start,close,end,shut,run等。如：Workbeganat7:00thismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.meveryday.,3).表主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：read,write,drive,sell,wash,lock,draw,dry等。这类词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰词，如：easily,well,soomthly.4).固定词组betoblame,betolet.5)在need,require,want,worth(adj.),deserve后的动名词用主动形式。6)measure,weigh,addupto后接数字时。7）在be+adj.+todo中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时。2.不及物动词或某些动词短语无被动。如：appear,die,disappear,end(结束），happen,sit,takeplace,3.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或短语，如：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,sufferfrom,happentobelongto,基础再练,1.Thewater_coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasleftB.wastofeelC.feltD.wastobefelt2.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame3.Doctorsandmedicalsupplies_tothesceneoftheaccidentsoonafterthecoalmineexplosion.A.hadrushedB.wererushedC.wererushingD.rushed4.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames_open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared,C,A,B,D,5.-Whydidyouleavethatposition?-I_abetterp