balzac--巴尔扎克--the-human-comedy-人间喜剧-英文PPT课件

奥诺雷德巴尔扎克HonordeBalzac(1799-1850),1,.,“Balzacwasoneofthefirstamongthegreatest,oneofthehighestamongthebest.”-VICTORHUGOIhavelearnedmorefromBalzacthanfromalltheprofessionalhistorians,economistsandstatisticiansputtogether.-MarxistFriedrichEngels,2,.,Childhood,Tours,Francetheeldestsonoffourchildren.Hismotherwasthirty-twoyearsyoungerthanhisfather,andtheyoungHonorwastakenintoanotherhomeandcaredforuntiltheageoffour.Hismothersawthebirthofhersonasherdutyandtreatedhimindifferently.Herlackofaffectionovershadowedhischildhood,3,.,.Senttoboardingschoolattheageofeight,Honorsoughtaplacetoescapefromthefierceschooldiscipline.Hefoundthisplaceinbooks.Butexcessivereadingeventuallybroughtonanervouscondition,whichaffectedhishealth,andhewasbroughthomein1813Paris,France,wherehecompletedhissecondaryeducationinlaw.,4,.,5,.,Adulthood,Rebellingagainsthisparents,Balzacrefusedtoenterthelegalprofessionandinsteaddeclaredwritingashisprofession.Despitedisappointment,hisfatherprovidedasmallallowancewiththeunderstandingthathehadtobefinanciallyindependentwithintwoyears.Workingtogetherwithfriends,Balzacwroteseveralsensational(superficial,appealingtothesenses)novels,nonesignedwithhisownname.Thesebookswerewithoutliterarymerit,butheearnedhislivingbythem.,6,.,SearchingforwaystomakehisfortunemorerapidlyThereafterhepublishedthefirstnovelthathesignedwithhisownname.LeDernierChouan(朱安党人)wasahistoricalnovel.,7,.,Theconstantstruggletoearnenoughtokeephiscreditorsatbaydrovehimtoatimetableofworkthateventuallyruinedhishealth.Heincreasedhishoursfromtentofourteenoreveneighteenaday,keepinghimselfawakewithfrequentcupsofstrongcoffee.WheneverBalzactookabreakfromhiswriting,hewouldfrequentfashionablesalons(stylishlounges),wherehewaswellreceivedbyfemalereaders.,8,.,Marriageanddeath,DuringhislastyearsBalzacsufferedfrompoorhealth,andhismoralehadbeenweakenedbythedisappointmentsheenduredinhisonegreatloveaffair.In1832hehadreceivedhisfirstletterfromMadameHanska,thewifeofaPolishnobleman.Thereaftertheykeptupacorrespondence,interruptedbyoccasionalvacationsspenttogetherindifferentpartsofEurope.In1841herhusbanddied,butMadameHanskaobstinatelyrefusedtomarryBalzac.Onlywhenhefellgravelyilldidsheagree.TheweddingtookplaceatherhomeonMarch14,1850.ThelongjourneybacktoFrancetookaserioustollonBalzacshealth,andhediedonAugust18,1850.,9,.,REALISM,LikeCharlesDickens,manyofhisworkswerefirstserializedinsuchpublicationsastheParisRevueandLaPresse.18031848Inaprefacetohisworkin1842,hedefinedhisfunctionasthatofsecretaryofFrenchsociety.Accordingly,everyclassofpeople,fromaristocrattopeasant,hasaplaceinTheHumanComedy.,10,.,11,.,TheHumanComedy,BalzacslifeworkconsistsofaseriesofsomeninetynovelsandshortstoriescollectedunderthetitleLaComdiehumaine(TheHumanComedy)in1841.PhilosophicalStudies.“(22/27)Analyticalstudies.(2/5)Studiesofmanners,12,.,StudiesofManners,TheHumanComedywassubdividedintosmallergroupsofnovels:“ScenesofPrivateLife,”(28/32)“ScenesofPoliticalLife,”(4/8)“ScenesofParisian,”(16/20)“Provincial,”(11/17)“CountryLife,“(4/5)”ScenesofMilitaryLife”.(2/32),13,.,Thenovelswerelinkedbybothhistoryandcharacter.multi-volumecollectionofinterlinkednovelsandstoriesdepictingFrenchsocietyintheperiodoftheRestorationandtheJulyMonarchy(18151848)2400+400+ThispracticeenhancedtherealisticillusionandalsopermittedBalzactodevelopthepsychology(involvingthemind)ofindividualcharactersmorefullythanwouldhavebeenfeasiblewithinthelimitsofasinglenovel.,14,.,Themes,FranceaftertheRevolutionMoneyandpowerSocialsuccessPaternityMaternityWomen,societyandsex,15,.,MoneyandPower,distorthumannatureCorrodetheyouthKillthefamilySpoilthesocietyEncouragethelaborstomakefortuneDevelopthecareersandcontributehappinesstohumanbeings,16,.,ThenovelopenswithanextendeddescriptionoftheMaisonVauquer,aboardinghouseinParisrueNeuve-Sainte-Genevivecoveredwithvines,ownedbythewidowMadameVauquer.,17,.,TheresidentsincludethelawstudentEugnedeRastignac,amysteriousagitatornamedVautrin,andanelderlyretiredvermicelli-makernamedJean-JoachimGoriot.Theoldmanisridiculedfrequentlybytheotherboarders,whosoonlearnthathehasbankruptedhimselftosupporthistwowell-marrieddaughters.DelphineAnastasie,18,.,RastignacendearshimselftooneofGoriotsdaughters,Delphine,afterextractingmoneyfromhisownalready-poorfamily.Vautrin,meanwhile,triestoconvinceRastignactopursueanunmarriedwomannamedVictorine,whosefamilyfortuneisblockedonlybyherbrother.HeofferstoclearthewayforRastignacbyhavingthebrotherkilledinaduel.,19,.,Rastignacrefusestogoalongwiththeplot,balkingattheideaofhavingsomeonekilledtoacquiretheirwealth,buthetakesnoteofVautrinsmachinations.Thisisalessonintheharshrealitiesofhighsociety.Beforelong,theboarderslearnthatpoliceareseekingVautrin,revealedtobeamastercriminalnicknamedTrompe-la-Mort(CheaterofDeath).VautrinarrangesforafriendtokillVictorinesbrother,inthemeantime,andiscapturedbythepolice.,20,.,Goriot,supportiveofRastignacsinterestinhisdaughterandfuriouswithherhusbandstyrannicalcontroloverher,findshimselfunabletohelp.Whenhisotherdaughter,Anastasie,informshimthatshehasbeensellingoffherhusbandsfamilyjewelrytopayherloversdebts,theoldmanisovercomewithgriefathisownimpotenceandsuffersastroke.,21,.,NeitherDelphinenorAnastasiewillvisitGoriotasheliesonhisdeathbed,andbeforedyingheragesabouttheirdisrespecttowardhim.HisfuneralisattendedonlybyRastignac,aservantnamedChristophe,andtwopaidmourners.Goriotsdaughters,ratherthanbeingpresentatthefuneral,sen