新BOOK4 UNIT 1fighting with the forces of nature.ppt

,CollegeEnglishIntegratedCourse4,UnitOne:FightingwiththeForcesofNature,Whentalkingabout“nature”,whichwordwillturnupinyourmind?,magic,magnificent,I.Pre-readingtasks:,marvelous,mysterious,However,whilenatureiscolorful,diverse,splendid,wonderful,mysterious,magic,andbeautiful,sometimesitisstill_,even_.,disastrous,destructiveordevastating,tornado,Tsunami海啸,Avalanche,Flood,雪崩，山崩,typhoon,drought,Hurricane,Earthquake,Volcano,Snowstorm,Mud-rockflow,Cave-in塌方,NCE-B4,Lead-inQuestion,previous,next,index,break,over,Chinese,Unit1:FightingwiththeForcesofNature,Whichismorepowerful,manornature?”,Discussion:Manandnature,whichismorepowerful?,Mancanchangenatureinordertoliveinabettercondition.,Widely-accepted:,Mancouldbebetteradaptedtothenature,Manmustalsobecarefulnottodisregardthelawsofnature.,Weshouldfightwith（与-并肩作战）thenatureinsteadoffightingagainst（对抗）thenature.,TextATHEICYDEFENDER,TextATheIcyDefenderBackgroundInformation,NapoleonBonaparte(1769-1821),1.Heis_oftheFrench,whoconsolidatedtheFrenchRevolution,andoneofthegreatest_.,2.During1802-1815NapoleontriedtogaincontrolofthewholeEurope.Hehadgreatsuccessagainstallhisenemiesexcept_,becauseof_,emperor,militarycommanders,Britain,itspowerfulnavyforce,NapoleonBonaparte(1769-1821),3.Hisdecisivewar:_.,4.Hewasexiledto_anddiedin1821.,theBattleofWaterlooin1815,St.Helena,AdolfHitler(1889-1945),1.HeisGerman_and_leaderandoneofmostpowerful_.,political,military,dictators,2.HeconvertedGermanyintoafully_societyandlaunched_in1939.,militarized,WWII,AdolfHitler(1889-1945),3.Akeystoneofhispropagandaandpolicies:_,4.Thepartyhebuilt:_,5.Toenforcehisideaofracialpurity,heslaughtered_,anti-Semitism反犹太主义,Nazi,Jews犹太人,BR_3_3.3,IntroductionofStalin,1._oftheCommunistPartyoftheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics(USSR).,2.UnderhisleadershiptheUSSRwasbuiltinto_thatrepelledHitlersarmiesinWorldWarIIandrivaled对抗theUnitedStatesduring_.,generalsecretary,amoderneconomicandmilitarypower,TheColdWarperiod,BR_ChronologyoftheWar,ChronologyoftheWorldWarTwo,Date,Event,April,1940,DenmarkandNorwaywereconquered.,June22,1941,Hitlerlaunchedhislong-termattackontheSovietUnion.,September1,1939,TheSecondWorldWarinEuropestartedwithGermanarmiespouringacrossthePolishfrontier.,May10,1940,HitlerstroopsdroveintoFranceandwithinthefollowingsixweeks,Holland,BelgiumandLuxembourghadsurrenderedashadFrance.,BR_3_3.1,Date,Event,September,1942February,1943,AdecisivebattlewasfoughtatStalingrad,whichwastheturningpointofthewar.,December,1941,TheU.S.A.enteredthewarafterJapaneseplanesbombedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor.,June6,1944,American,BritishandCanadianforceslandedinNormandyandopenedthesecondfrontinEurope.,May2,1945,TheSovietarmytookBerlin.,May7,1945,Germanysurrendered.,NCE-B4,TextANewWords,TheIcyDefender,TextATHEICYDEFENDER,Scanthetextandfinishthefollowingtasks(15minutes)1.decidewhethertheyaretrueorfalse.2.trytodividethetextintopartsandconcludethemainideasofeachpart.Whendoingthisyoushouldpaymoreattentiontothesubtitle.,2.NapoleonandhistroopsgainedthequickvictoryinRussiaastheyhadexpected.,GR_2_2.1,TrueorFalse,F,ToNapoleonssurprise,theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight.Theyretreatedeastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.,(),1.“Theicydefender”referstotheRussianriver.,F,“Theicydefender”referstothebleakRussianwinter.,(),4.HitlerbegananinvasionoftheSovietUnionthatwasthelargestmilitarylandcampaigninhistory.,3.NapoleondidntcapturethecapitalofRussia.,GR_2_2.2,T,(),F,NapoleoncapturedthecapitalofRussia:Moscow.,(),5.Germantroopsadoptedscorch-earthpolicywhentheyenteredRussia.,F,StalininstructedtheRussianpeopletoburnanddestroyfarmsandfactories.,(),6.HitlerfailedtocaptureMoscowbecauseofthestrongresistancefromRussianpeople.,GR_2_2.2,F,HitlerfailedtocaptureMoscowbecauseoftheseverewinterinRussia.,(),GR_PartDivisionoftheText1,PartDivisionoftheText,Parts,Para(s),MainIdeas,2,1,12,IntroductionBothNapoleonsandHitlersmilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.,311,NapoleonsmilitarycampaignagainstRussia.,GR_PartDivisionoftheText2,Parts,Para(s),MainIdeas,3,1220,HitlersmilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion.,4,21,ConclusionTheelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.,GR_2_4,QuestionsandAnswers,1.WhathappenedtoNapoleonsGrandArmywhenitwasretreatingfromMoscow?,TheRussianslaunchedhit-and-runattacksontheFrenchfromfieldsandforests.Ontheotherhand,thetemperaturedroppedtominus4degreesCelsiusandNapoleonsarmydidnthaveenoughclothes,foodandshelter.,2.WhydidnttheRussianpeopledefendtheirhomelandinthefaceofNapoleonsoffensive?,Theywouldliketotakeadvantageoftheirnaturesituationtofightforthem.,GR_2_4,QuestionsandAnswers,3.WhattacticsdidHitleruseinhisinvasionoftheSovietUnion?,Heplannedtousethetacticscalledblitzkrieg,or“lightningwar”,whichhaddefeatedtherestofEurope.,4.WhatwasthesignificanceofthebattleofStalingrad?,Itwasoneofthemostimportantbattles.ItendedGermanysongoingoffensiveagainsttheSovietUnion,andalongwiththesecondBattleofElAlameinpavedthewayforNaziGermanyseventualdefeat.,GR_2_4,QuestionsandAnswers,5.WhatconclusiondoestheauthordrawfromNapoleonsandHitlersmilitarycampaigns?,Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.,DR_Text1,TextATheIcyDefender,inthecaseof(preface),asfaras.isconcerned至于，就什么来说incase以防；可能；倘若.incaseof如果；万一.Inanycase无论如何innocase在任何情况下都不inthatcase既然那样的话,standby在场；靠近袖手旁观（无线电台或军事方面）试图援助；极力支持忠于；信守tostandbyonespromise遵守诺言standfor代表，象征容忍；允许standout明显；醒目突出；杰出坚持；支撑tostandoutacrisis挨过危机standup耐久；耐用成立(vi)Willthechargestandupincourt?这个指控在法庭上能成立吗？standupfor维护；拥护；支持,stand/get/beintheway(preface),Raw(para1):1)coldandwet;,2)notcooked/refined/processed/organizedoranalyzed-TheeventtookplaceonarawFebruarymorning.-rawmeat/rawmaterial-processtherawmaterialintofinishedproductsHomeworkC.f.:rawcrudecruelcrucialrough,Launch(para2):start;send(sth.)onitscourse,-Beginningintheearly1960s,humanslaunchedprobestoexploreotherplanets.Collocation:launchanattacklaunchamassivecampaignlaunchacompanylaunchthreatsatsb.launchinto,campaign(para2):,aseriesofmilitaryoperationsorplannedactivitieswithaparticularaim战役；运动形近词辨析：champagne香槟champion冠军,Border(para3):linedividingtwocountriesorareas,C.f.borderboundaryBorder这个词较为一般，可以用来指国与国之间的界线，或州与州之间的界线。WelivetenmilesfromtheWelshborder.我们住的地方离与威尔士交界处10英里。flowerborder（花园周围的花坛），ontheborder(s)ofmadness（到了几乎要发疯的地步）。Boundary用来指较小的单位如农场、城镇、教区、县等之间的界线，比较清晰。Theboundarybetweenthefarmsfollowsthelineoftheriver.农场以河道走向为分界线。,Efficient(para3):1)abletoworkwell,capable有能力，能胜任的,2)producingasatisfactoryresultwithoutwastingtimeorresources(机器等)有效力的,效率高的-anefficientsecretary,teacher,administrator/anefficientnewfilingsystem-Hesefficientathisjob.C.f.:efficienteffectiveeffectaffectaffective,decisive(para4)producingadefiniteresultorconclusion;havingorshowingtheabilitytodecidequickly,决定性的adecisiveinfluence决定性的影响果断的;明确的；adecisiveperson果断的人无疑的;确切的;decisiveadvantage明显的优势,retreat(para5):movebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficulty,HomeworkC.f.retreatwithdrawretireresign,crucial(para5):veryimportant,critical(followedbyto),-Amazingly,oursoccerteamwonthevictoryinthecrucialfinalgame.-Thevictoryiscrucialtoourteam.decisivecriticalcrucial,gamble(para6):v./n.,takeagamble(doing/onsth):takearisk冒险而为,presson/ahead(withsth)(para6):continuedoingsth.inadeterminedway,-Ourschoolauthoritiesarekeentopressonwitheducationalreform.HomeworkC.ceedto继续下去/proceedwith继续进行,occupation(para7):,v.occupy:占领，占据；占有，拥有；使忙碌，使从事(occupyoneselfindoing/withsth)-befullyoccupiedwith-n.工作，职业HomeworkC.f.:occupationcareerprofessionemploymentjobvocation,empty(para7):,-emptyhouse,chair,bus-emptythreats,words,promises虚张声势的恐吓、空话、空洞的许诺emptyofsth:withoutorlacking没有或缺乏某种性质：-wordsemptyofmeaning无意义的话C.f.:辨析（下一页）emptyvacantblankbarehollow,bare，blank，empty，hollow，margin，vacant都含有一定的空白之意barea.光秃秃的,无遮蔽的,通常指局部的裸blanka.空白的，指表面无字迹，没有写字、印刷、或做记号的空白处emptya.(房间等)空的，没有物的，指描绘之物的内部本应有的东西这时却没有，或者可容人或物的地方或容器这时未容纳(房间里无家里设备或没有人)hollowa.空的，空心的，空虚的，指所描绘之物的中心是空的，也可指空虚的marginn.页边空白，多指纸张的页边，边缘的空白vacanta.空的，(房间等)未被占用的，空着的，指暂时没有人居住或占据而空闲着的,quarter(para8):v.提供住所,n.四分之一，一刻钟，一季，三个月quartersn.方面；住处，军营headquartersn.司令部，总部,minus(para9):adj./prep.belowzero;madelessby;slightlylowerthanthemarkstated,反义词plus(prep),stroke(para10):打，击；报时钟声，一笔/划，一举；中风；,-Isawachanceofsolvingallmyproblemsata/onestroke(一下子).-Hewonacarinthelotterylastweek.Thatshisfirststrokeofgoodluck（碰上好运）.-Hewalkedwithlimpafterthestrokelastyear.-钟声，报时声onthestrokeof12-笔划：apicturewithafewstrokesv./n.抚摸/摩-strokeacat,strokeonesback,thrust(para12):,thrust:push(sb/sth)suddenlyorviolently猛推/挤；用剑等刺thrustatsbwithsth用向某人刺去-Hethrusthiswaythroughthecrowd.-athrustingyoungsalesman一个有闯劲的年轻推销员n.刺，戳；挤，推，推力-thethrustofarocket,catchsb.offguard(para13):takesb.bysurprise趁某人不备，使措手不及,offonesguard:unpreparedforanattack,asurpriseoramistake失去警惕ononesguard:preparedfor保持警惕-Shewasalwaysonherguardagainstsayingthewrongthing.,instruct(para13):giveordersordirectionstosb,instructsbtodosth/that指示instructsbin/onsth.:teachsb.指导,教n.instruction指示，教指导；使用说明c.f.:directinstructorder,render(para13):1)causesb.tobeinaspecifiedcondition(sameasmake)使得，弄,2)givesthinreturnorexchange-Hundredsofpeoplewererenderedhomelessbytheearthquake.-rendergoodforevil以德报怨renderblowforblow以牙还牙-rendersbaservice/renderaservicetosb为某人服务,desperate(para14)：adj.绝望的，不顾一切的，铤而走险的，孤注一掷的；极严重/危险的,desperateforsth/todosth:ingreatneedofsth/todosth极需要的-Theyredesperateformoney.-Hehasgotadesperateillness.Homework:c.f.:desperatedesperationdespairdisappeardisappoint,asaresultof(para14):becauseof,HomeworkC.f.:asaresultofasaresultresultfromresultin,bringtoahalt(para16):stopcompletely,AirtrafficinPolandhadbeenbroughttoahaltbyanairtrafficcontrollersstrike.我们的旅行因风暴而终止。Ourjourneywasbroughttoahaltbyastorm.,offensive(para17):n.aggressiveaction,attack进攻，攻势,adj.进攻性的，攻击的；得罪人的-Facedwiththeinvasion,theytookimmediateoffensiveaction.-Hemadecrudejokesthatareoffensivetowomen.-Thereisanoffensivesmellintheroom.(veryunpleasant),depart(para19):goaway,leave,departfor动身去departfromsth.背离，违反-departfromthetruth背离事实departuren.离开，动身department部门，部，系，处,AComparison-andContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions,GR_2_4,Strengthofinvadingforce入侵军队规模,Startingtimeofinvasion,Startofwar,Countryinvaded,Invadingcountry,AComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions,TextAnalysis,France,Germany,SovietUnion,Russia,Napoleon,Hitler,Spring,1812,6/22/1941,600,000,thelargestlandcampaigninhistory,Prediction,quickvictory,conquestofRussiain5weeks,Blitzkrieg(lightningwar),lastingnolongerthan3months,GR_2_4,TextAnalysis,Truceoffer,Majorbattles,CaptureoftheRussiancapital（yesorno),Initialresistancestrategy,refusingtostandandfight;retreatingeastwards,burningcropsandhomes,“scorchtheearth”,fiercefighttodefendmajorcities,yes,no,Smolensk,Borodino,theBerezinaRiver,Leningrad,Stalingrad,byNapoleon,rejectedbytheCzar,no,GR_2_4,TextAnalysis,AComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions,Napoleonabdicatedandwentintoexile,hisempireatanend,Biggestenemyfortheinvadingforce,Turningpoint,Fateoftheinvadingforce,War-provokersfate,snow,freezingtemperature,heavyrain,“GeneralMud”,snow,freezingtemperature,October1812whenNapoleonorderedaretreat,1943,whentheSoviettroopspushedtheGermanforcesback,only100,000survived,heavylosses,Hitlercommittedsuicide,hisempirecollapsing,Basedonacomparison-and-contrastanalysisofthetwoinvasions,whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromtheircampaigns?,a.Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.,b.Favorablenaturalconditions,advantageouslocationandsupportofpeoplewillcontributetothevictoryofonecampaign.,c.Arroganceusuallyleadstothedefeatofonecampaign.,d.Humankindcouldmakegooduseofnaturalconditions.,Pridecomesbeforeafall.,AR_UsefulExpressions1,UsefulExpressions,1.骄兵必败,pridecomesbeforeafall,2.战无不胜,nothingcouldstandintheirway,3.奋勇抵抗,fierceresistance,4.阴冷凄苦的俄罗斯寒冬,araw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter,5.堪称无敌,Unequaled,6.向发动进攻,launchanattackagainst,AR_UsefulExpressions2,7.痛苦的教训,apainfullesson,8.速决速胜,aquick,decisivevictory,9.让某人吃惊的是,tosb.ssurprise,10.面临着一个重要抉择,befacedwithacrucialdecision,11.孤注一掷,takethegamble,12.激战,fiercebattle,13.向提出停战,offeratruceto,AR_UsefulExpressions3,14.等待时机,bideonestime,15.成为一场噩梦,turnintoanightmare,16.拖着脚步行进,dragon,17.溃不成军的幸存者,thetatteredsurvivors,18.不宣而战,withoutadeclarationofwar,19.闪电式战略,lightningwar,20.“焦土”政策,“scorchtheearth”,AR_UsefulExpressions4,21.处境变得危急,thesituationbecomesdesperate,22.食品匮乏,foodrunsout,23.死于饥饿与疾病,diefromhungeranddisease,24.食品和补给的匮乏,alackoffoodandsupplies,Unit1FightingwiththeForcesofNature,KeytoExercises,IntegratedCourse4,Vocabulary,.1.1)alliance,2)atthecostof,3)stroke,4)limp,5)minus,6)religions,7)declarations,8)siege,9)raw,10)bidehistime,11)havetakentheirtoll,12)inthecaseof,2.1)isfacedwith,2)getboggeddown,3)ispressingon/pressedon,4)dragon,5)getby,6)dineout,7)havecutback,8)getthrough,4.1)Beingfacedwith,theoccupationof,2)crucialto,efficient,toreckonwith,3)aheroic,thedecisive,turnedthetide,regions,weaken,siege,bebroughttoahalt,bylaunching,Translation翻译信、达、雅,PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.,2013年四级翻译原题：你要茶还是咖啡?是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(theqingdynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。,经典翻译,1燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候;桃花谢了，有再开的时候。朱自清匆匆Ifswallowsgoaway,theywillcomebackagain.Ifwillowswither,theywillturngreenagain.Ifpeachblossomsfade,theywillfloweragain.,从重庆到汉口，我坐了木船。木船危险，当然知道。要出事，随时可以出。叶圣陶我坐了木船ItookawoodenboatfromChongqingtoHankou.OfcourseIknowitisriskytotravelbywoodenboat.Accidentsmayhappenanytime.,在戏院里，我坐在你旁边，看台上的武戏，你还详细地给我解释剧中情节。巴金梦WhileIsatbesideyouinsideatheatrewatchingthefightingscenesofaPekingOpera,youexplain