Natural Disaster 自然灾害 Class presentation

.,NaturalDisasters,.,Asweallknowthat“zainan”iscalled“Disaster”inEnglish,butImafraidthatmostofusdontknowtheoriginofword“Disaster”.,JustasmanyotherEnglishwords,itwasderivedfromLatin.Ifwesplitthewordintotwoparts,wecanseeclearlythat:dis-:negative,oppositeof.-astr:ofthestarsSodisasterliterallymeansevilstar(badstar).ThefollowingistheEnglishdefinitionofdisaster:Adisasterisanaturalorman-madeeventthatnegativelyaffectslife,property,livelihoodorindustryoftenresultinginpermanentchangestohumansocieties,ecosystemsandenvironment.,.,Todaywefocusonsomeinformationabout“NaturalDisaster”,Whenmentioningnaturaldisasters,Imafraidthatfloodcomestothefirstplaceinourmind.Wecansaythathumanbeingshavebeenfightingagainstfloodsincetheemergenceofmankind,alsowecontinuouslyrecordedthefloodstories.,.,Inthe“Bible”(theBible)thefirstchapter“TheCreation”(Genesis)recordedthatGoddecidedtopunishhisbadsubjects(wickedmankind)withheavyrainstriggeringmajorfloods(deluge),therainhadfallen40daysandnights,floodedtheearth150days,onlyavirtuousNoahandthespeciesonthearksurvived.,.,Themostdestructivenaturaldisastersisearthquake.,.,Astheepicenteroftheearthquakeruptureoftwokindsofshockrock-wave(Pwave,PrimaryWaves)andthelongitudinalwave(Swave,Secondarywaves)oftwo.,Earthquakewavereachesthesurfacefirst,sopeoplefirstfeelthegroundupanddown.,.,Accordingtothecausesofearthquakes,earthquakescanbedividedintothefollowing:,1.TectonicearthquakeSincethedepthsofundergroundrockdislocation,causedbytheruptureoftheearthquakeknownastectonicearthquake.Suchearthquakeoccurredmostoften,theGREatestdamage,theearthquakeaccountedforabout90percentoftheworldover.,2.VolcanicearthquakeAsthevolcano,suchasmagmaticactivityandgasexplosionscausedbytheearthquakeknownasthevolcanicearthquake.Onlyinareasofvolcanicactivitymayoccurbeforethevolcanicearthquakes,suchearthquakesaroundtheworldaccountsforonlyabout7percentoftheearthquake.,3.EarthquakecollapseAsthetopofundergroundcavesorminecollapsecausedbytheearthquakeknownasthecollapseoftheearthquake.Suchrelativelysmall-scaleearthquake,thenumberoflittle,ifany,tendtooccurinthelimestonecaveovertheregionorlarge-scaleundergroundminingoftheminingarea.,.,4.InducedearthquakeAswater,oilfieldactivitiessuchaswaterfloodingcausedbytheearthquakeknownastheearthquake-induced.Suchearthquakeonlyincertainoilreservoirareaorregion.,5.ArtificialearthquakeUndergroundnuclearexplosions,explosives,blastingandotherhuman-inducedgroundvibrationknownastheartificialearthquake.Artificialearthquakewascausedbyhumanactivitiesintheearthquake.Suchasindustrialblasting,thevibrationcausedbyundergroundnuclearexplosionsindeepwaterinahigh-pressurewaterandthelargeincreasesthepressureonthecrust,sometimesinducedearthquake,.,1.Foryourownsafetyandtheirfamiliestohideinthetablebelow,andothersolidfurniture,2.ShakingCommissionerofthefireimmediately,assoonasthefireextinguishing,3.Donotpanicrantotheoutdoor,4.Openthedoortoensuretheexports,5.Outdooroccasions,toprotectyourheadandavoidthedanger,6.Indepartmentstores,theatres,accordingtotheinstructionsofthestaffofAction,7.Automotiveon-streetparking,closedtocontroltheregion,8.ItsImportanttonotelandslides,rock-droporbluffsoverlookingthetsunami,9.Evacuatetowalk,carryinggoodsthatshouldbeatleastlimit,10.Donotlistentorumors,donotactrashly,Self-rescuetips,.,WeoftenhearaboutthehurricaneinnewsintheUnitedStates.,HurricaneisjustthesameastheTyphoon.Bothofthemaretropicalcyclone.,Doyouknowhowscientistsgivenameofhurricanes?,.,Originally,peoplenamedhurricanesaftersomeunpopularstatesmenorbignames.Afterwards,scientistsinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesgavealistinwhichthereare26namesfromAtoZ.Whatsmore,ifoneofthehurricanesdogreatdamageonoursociety,thatnamewillneverbeusedagain.,.,OnDecember26,2004,whenmanypeoplestillimmersedinthejoyofChristmas,AnunderseaearthquaketriggeredbytheIndianOceantsunamiattackedseveralSoutheastAsiancountries.,.,Thetsunamikilled270,000people.Whatisgratifyingisthatpeoplearoundtheworldareeagertogiveahandtothosevictims.Always,whenconfrontedwithdestructivedisasters,peopleshowgreatspiritofsolidarityandfraternitythroughtheiractions.,.,Naturaldisasteristerrible,butnoteverydisasterthatoccurredfornoreason.Peoplewanttohavebetterlivingconditionsbycontinuousconsumptionofresources,pollutingtheenvironment,andunderminingthelawsofnature.Ultimatelymoredisastersoccurred.Therefore,wehavetotakeimmediatemeasurestoprotectourenvironment,domorecontributionsratherthanharmstoit.