中考完成句子专题讲与练

中考完成句子总复习课堂目标：熟悉中考完成句子的常见题型及各个题型的解题方法课堂难点：句式转换、主被动转换和特殊疑问词提问 一 题型介绍完成句子这一题型出现在重庆市中考试卷的第卷中，是整个试卷的第V大题，共5个小题，分值为10分。从形式上看，该题型考查的方向主要包括句式转换、对划线部分提问、主被动语态转换、同义句转换、并句和完成译句六类。 从内容上看，前五类题目考查范围较广，主要有：句子功能的转换，包括陈述句（肯定与否定）、疑问句、祈使句、反义疑问句等的转换；句子结构的转换。即简单句、并列句、复合句之间的转换；语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态的转换；常用句型与词汇的运用。第5个题完成译句主要是全面考察学生在初中阶段所学的单词、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及灵活运用它们的能力。下面，我们就根据完成句子这一题型的考查形式对各类题目逐一讲解。二 题型分类（1）1. 句式转换：中考中句式转换主要以陈述句变否定句、陈述句变一般疑问句和陈述句变反义疑问句为主，题目个数为12个。偶尔也会考陈述句与感叹句的转换。例如：Maria asked me to go to her birthday party yesterday. (改为否定句)Maria didnt ask me to go to her birthday party yesterday. Dave sometimes helps in the house at the weekends. (改为一般疑问句) Does Dave sometimes ask in the house at the weekends.显而易见，做好此类题目的关键是必须熟悉陈述句，否定句，一般疑问句和反义疑问句的基本结构。陈述句肯定句的基本结构：形式适用时态陈述句主语+be+其他动词为be动词的一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时和过去进行时主语+动词原形+其他一般现在时主语+动词三人称单数+其他主语+动词过去式+其他一般过去时主语+will+动词原形+其他一般将来时主语+be going to+动词原形 +其他主语+have+动词过去分词+其他现在完成时主语+had +动词过去分词 +其他过去完成时主语+情态动词+动词原形 +其他 注：现在完成进行时，过去将来时和将来进行时因考查较少，故不一列举。例如：I found it easy to learn English. I have already seen the 3D movie Titanic. You should finish your homework on time. 陈述句否定句的基本结构1）含有be动词，助动词will，have、had和情态动词的陈述句变为否定句是将not放在这些词的后面。如： 例如：I have not seen the 3D movie Titanic yet. 2) 含有实义动词的陈述句变为否定句要借助助动词（一般现在时借助do和does，一般过去时借助did），并将否定词not 放在助动词之后。 例如：I didnt find it easy to learn English at first. 一般疑问句的基本结构形式举例一般疑问句Be +主语+其他？Is she from England？助动词（do, does, did, will ）+主语+动词原形+其他？Did you finish your homework on time？助动词（have，had）+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Have you finished your homework?情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？Must I finish my homework on time? 注意事项： 1). 如果陈述句的主语为第一人称，在变为否定句的时候，需要把主语及句中相应的物主代词变为第二人称。 2). 如果陈述句中含有some， something或somebody，在变为否定句和一般疑问句的时候，需要相应地把他们变为any, anything 和any body。 3). 如果陈述句句末含有too表示“也”的时候，在变为否定句的时候，需要相应地把too变为either。 4). 在若陈述句为现在进行时，且句中含有already，在变为否定句和一般疑问句的时候，需要把already变为yet。 5). 把肯定句变为否定句时，若空格数比所填词的个数少一个，需考虑缩写形式，如is not缩写为isnt，must not 缩写为mustnt。反义疑问句概念：附加在陈述句后的简单问句，又称附加疑问句。陈述句变为反义疑问句的时候遵循两个基本原则1）前肯后否，前否后肯的原则。2）与前句时态一致原则具体而言，反义疑问句有以下四种情形：1）肯定陈述句+否定反义疑问句2）否定陈述句+肯定反义疑问句3）肯定（否定）祈使句+will you？4）Let me祈使句，will you/wont you?5）Lets 祈使句，shall we？6). 含有no, nothing, hardly, few, little等表否定意义的词的陈述句+肯定反义疑问句。感叹句结构：what a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他！ What+可数名词复数+主语+谓语+其他！ How +形容词+主语+谓语+其他！例如：The beach is a nice place for tourists. (改为感叹句) What a nice place the beach is for tourists！课堂练习一：1). 0ur city is beautiful.(改为感叹句)How beautiful our city is!2). The nurse does all the housework in my home every day.(改为一般疑问句) Does the nurse do all the housework in your home every day?3). She hardly knew how to solve this math problem.(完成反义疑问句)She hardly knew how to solve this math problem, did she ?4). There were many students in this school last year. (改为否定句) There were not many students in this school last year.5). Mr. Hu taught her maths last year.（改为一般疑问句）Did Mr. Hu teach her maths last year? 2 对划线部分提问对划线部分提问即是对特殊疑问句和特殊疑问词的考查。特殊疑问句的基本结构是：+be +主语+其他？疑问词 +助动词（do/does/did/will）+主语+动词原形+其他？ +情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ +助动词（have/had）+主语+动词过去分词+其他？常用的疑问词包括以wh开头的疑问词和与how 相关的复合疑问词，中考常考后者。请回忆一下以下疑问词的用法：whowhatwhichwherewhenwhyhow提问身份提问职业询问特定的人或物对地点提问对时间提问对原因提问对方式或状态提问how manyhow muchhow oftenhow soonhow longhow farhow old对数量提问，后跟可数名词复数）对数量（后跟不可数名词）或价格提问对频率提问（如once a week，every day）对in +时间提问（如in 5 minutes）对时间长短提问(如for+时间段)对距离提问对年龄提问课堂练习二：1). Bruce has art lessons twice a week.(对划线部分提问)How often does Bruce have are lessons?2). Maria and Jane have waited at the airport for two hours. (对划线部分提问)How long have Maria and Jane waited at the airport?3). Many visitors will come to our city in July. (对划线部分提问)When will many visitors come to our city?4). Jane will learn a new dance in the gym. (就划线部分提问) Where will Jane learn a new dance?5). There are two hundred famous companies in Xinjiang from 19 provinces. (对划线部分提问)How many famous companies in Xinjiang are there from 19 provinces?3. 主被动转换 概念：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。 基本结构： be+done（及物动词的过去分词）人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。一般现在时：amisaredone一般过去时：wasweredone 一般将来时：willshall bedone现在进行时：amisare beingdone过去进行时：havehas beendone现在完成时：havehas beendone含有情态动词的：can/ may/ must/ should/ would/ will/ could/ + be done主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。三. 即学即练1. 按要求改写下列句子。1. She does the housework every day. (改为否定句)She _ _ the housework every day. 2. There was no time for the wins to go shopping. (改为反意疑问句)There was no time for the twins to go shopping, _ _. 3. Jim will return in two weeks. (对划线部分提问)_ _ will Jim return? 4. Mr. Read didnt sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise. (对划线部分提问)_ _ Mr. Green _ last night? 5. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (对划线部分提问)_ _ he _ at four yesterday afternoon?6. We planted many trees in our school yard. (改为被动语态)Many trees _ _ in our school yard. 7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)_ Ann _ the book to the library yesterday? 8. He has worked in this school for five years. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ he worked in this school? 9. The policeman made the young woman move her car. (改为被动语态)The young woman _ _ _ _ her car by the policeman.10. John went to see his grandmother once a week. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ John go to see his grandmother? 11. He returned the book to the library this morning. (改为否定句)He _ _ the look to the library this morning. 12. You will meet your friends at the railway station. (改为反意疑问句)You will meet your friends at the railway station, _ _?13. Has he handed in his homework? Do you know? (改为复合句)Do you know _ he _ handed in his homework? 14. I have two books in my bag. (对划线部分提问)_ _ you _ in your bag? 15. The car near the river is mine. (对划线部分提问)_ _ is yours? 16. A birthday party will be had tomorrow. (改为主动语态) We _ _ a birthday party tomorrow. 17. Theres something to eat in the cupboard? (改为一般疑问句)_ there _ to eat in the cupboard? 18. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (对划线部分提问)_ _ Allan _ back to England next month? 19. David was so careless that he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper. (改为简单句)David was _ careless _ find the mistakes in his test paper. 20. Mary likes scuba diving very much. (改为一般疑问句)_ Mary _ scuba diving very much? 答案：1. doesnt do 2. was there 3. How soon 4. Why didnt, sleep 5. What was, doing 6. were planted 7. Did, return 8. How long has 9. that/ which is about 10. was made to move 11. How often did 12. didnt return 13. wont you 14. if/ whether, has 15 What do, have 16. Which car 17. will have 18. Is, anything 19. How will, go 20. too, to22. Does, like 中考完成句子总复习（2）课堂目标：熟悉中考完成句子的常见题型及各个题型的解题方法课堂难点：同义句装换、并句和翻译一. 题型分类（2）1. 同义转换 同义句转换即用不同的句型或不同短语对原句进行转换，并保持意思不变。常考的同义转换句型如下：1). spenddoing 与It takes sbto do sth 的转换例: I spend half an hour doing morning exercises every day.(改为同义句)It takes me half an hour to do morning exercises every day.2). sothat与tooto.的转换例: The water was so dirty that we couldnt drink it. （重庆） The water was too dirty for us to drink.3). tooto.与be not +adj. +enough to do 的转换例：My son is too young to join the army. (改为同义句)My son isnt old enough to join the army. 4). , or. 与 ifnot.的转换例：You must wake up early, or you will miss the train. If you dont wake up early, you will miss the train.5). 不定式做主语与it is +adj +for sb to do 的转换例：To plant trees every year is necessary for us. It is necessary for us to plant trees every year.6). 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换例：Paul left Canada two days ago. Paul has been away from Canada since two days ago.7). You should 与why not或者why dont you 的转换例：Shall we have a picnic at the weekend? (改为同义句)What about having a picnic at the weekend?8). Sb. be surprised与To sbs surprise，的转换。例：I am surprised to find great changes have taken place in China.(改为同义句)To my suprise , I find great changes have taken place in China.9). notany longer 与no longer的转换例：I will not have meals in that restaurant any longer. I will no longer have meals in that restaurant.10). prefer doing to doing 与would rather dothan do sth的转换。例：We prefer going hiking to go fishing on this Saturday. We would rather go hiking than go fishing on this Saturday.11). keep on doing 与 not stop doing的转换例：They kept on talking until the teacher came in. (改为同义句)They didnt stop talking until the teacher came in.12). what引导的宾语从句与wh to do的转换例：Alice didnt know how she could draw horses well. (改为同义句)Alice didnt know how _ _ horses well.13）除了不同句型之间的转换之外，意思相近的词汇和短语之间的转换也是考点之一。你能说出与下列词或短语意思相近的短语吗？walk go/ come to.on foot would like to do feel like doinglook after take care of do alone doby oneselfhope thatlook forward to doing like be fond of/be interested in come up with think up be good at do well inmanage to do succeed in doing can do be able to do例：Tommy usually walks to school every morning.(改为同义句) Tommy usually goes to school on foot every morning.We should finish our homework alone. (改为同义句) We should finish our homework by ourselves.2. 并句并句主要考查将两个简单句合并为一个复合句，因此要熟悉常用连词的意思和用法。1) 同级比较asas, not soas例：Peter is 1.9 meters tall. Michael is 1.9 meters tall, too. (合并为一句) Michael is as tall as Peter.2）比较级例：He became strong day by day as he took exercise. (改为同义句) The more exercise he took, the stronger he became.3）sothat，be+ 形容词+ enough，或者tooto结构例：Little Jim is only five years old. He cant make model planes by himself. （合并为一句) Little Jim is too young to make model planes by himself.4) 直接引语与间接引语例：“Why do you stay at home?”my father asked.（把直接引语改为间接引语） My father asked whyI stay at home.5). neithernor例：We shouldnt talk loudly in the theater. We shouldnt smoke there, either.( 合并为一句)We should neither talk loudly nor smoke in the theater.6). If 条件句与 , or.句型例：If you play basketball here，you may break the windows.Dont play basketball here, or you may break the windows.7). 将宾语从句转化为疑问词不定式例：Do you know how you can get the kite down from the tree?Do you know how to get the kite down from the tree?3. 句子翻译1). 请等待我们的好消息!(完成译句)Please wait for our good news!2). 让我们到乡村去帮助孩子们学习。(完成译句) Lets go to the countryside to help the kids with their study.3). 我们应该多参加课外活动。(完成译句)We should take part in after-school activities more often.4). 我觉得每晚睡八小时很重要。I think its important to sleep eight hours a night.5). 他认为这部小说值得再读一遍。 He thinks this novel is worth reading.6). 你介意教我英语吗？ Would you mind teaching me English?7). 我喜欢游泳多过跑步。I prefer swimming to running. 二. 即学即练1. 根据上句完成下句，使上、下两句意思相同或相符。1. I want to buy some English books on Sunday.I _ _ to buy some English books on Sunday. 2. Ann spent two weeks getting ready for the exams. It _ Ann two weeks _ _ ready for the exams.3. Wherever I go, I will always remember my teachers and classmates. _ _ _ I go, I will never _ my teachers and classmates. 4. Tom studies the hardest in our class.Tom studies _ than _ _ student in our class.5. Most of the students in my class walk to school.Most of the students in my class go to school _ _. 6. How can I get to the Peoples Park? Which is _ _ _ the Peoples Park?7. How is the weather today?_ is the weather _ today?8. The snow was heavy last night. It _ _ last night. 9. How far it is from here to Beijing!_ _ _ _ it is from here to Beijing!10. He is too young to join the army. He is _ _ _ to join the army.11. They dont know what they should do next. They dont know _ _ _ next. 12. He joined the army two years ago._ _ about two years _ he joined the army. 13. When he was 12 years old, he began to work for a boss. _ _ _ _ 12, he began to work for a boss. 14. They are building a new bridge over the river. A new bridge _ _ _ over the river.15. I saw he was reading a newspaper over there. I _ _ _ a newspaper over there.16. Hurry up, or we will be late._ _ _ _, we will be late. 17. If you ask her again, she will tell you about it. _ _ _, _ she will tell you about it. 18. Mr. Black went to Beijing by air last week. Mr. Black _ _ Beijing by air last week. 19. Chinese is more popular than Japanese. Japanese is _ popular _ Chinese. 20. The runner couldnt catch up with the others in the race. The runner _ _ the others in the race.21. A computer is more useful than a VCD.A VCD is not _ useful _ a computer. 22. She spent 30 dollars on the English-Chinese dictionary.The English-Chinese dictionary _ _ 30 dollars. 23. Jim doesnt like noodles, and Jack doesnt, either. _ Jim _ Jack likes noodles.24. Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend. Mrs. Smith is _ _ my teacher _ _ my good friend. 25. If you play basketball here, you may break the window. _ play basketball here, _ you may break the window. 26. Go on planting trees for two more years and the hill will be covered with green trees. If we go on planting trees, the hill will _ _ in two _ _. 27. Because of SARS, he didnt take a trip to Guangzhou. He stayed at home.He stayed at home _ _ taking a trip to Guangzhou because of SARS.28. With the help of the teacher, I found my lost watch. _ _ the teacher, I found my lost watch. 29. If you eat more, you will be fatter and fatter. _ _ you eat, _ _ you will be. 30. At last they worked out a software program. _ _ _ they worked out a software grogram. 31. He didnt want to miss the first bus, so he got up early. He got up early _ _ he could catch the first bus. 32. Youd better stop playing computer games now.Youd better _ _ playing computer games now. 33. Linda left Shanghai after Lily came back. Linda _ _ Shanghai _ Lily came back. 34. The students were busy with the cleaning when the teacher came in. The students were _ _ their classroom when the teacher came in. 35. None of the sweaters in that shop is the right size for me. The sweaters in that shop are _ too big _ to small for me. 36. Do remember to lock the door when you leave. _ _ you lock the door when you leave. 37. Unless you study hard, you will not pass the exam. _ you _ _ hard, you will not pass the exam. 38. Tom will not play volleyball after school. He will not play football, either. Tom will play _ volleyball _ football after school.39. Yesterday John bought a mobile phone online and Emily bought one, too. Yesterday John bought a mobile phone online, _ _ Emily. 40. Looking after the little boy is my duty. _ my duty _ _ _ the little boy. Keys: I. 1. would like 2. took, to get 3. No matter where, forget 4. harder, any other 5. on foot 6. the way to 7. What, like 8. snowed heavily 9. What a long way 10. not old enough 11. what to do 12. It is, since 13. At the age of 14. is being built 15. saw him reading 16. If we dont worry 17. Ask her again, and 18. flew to 19. less, than 20. fell behind 21. as/so, as 22. cost her 23. Neither, nor 24. not only, but also 25. Dont, or 26. turn green, years time 27. instead of 28. Thanks to 29. The more, the fatter 30. In the end 31. so that 32. give up 33. didnt leave, until 34. busy cleaning 35. either, or 36. Make sure 37. If, dont study 38. neither, nor 39. so did 40. Its, to look after2. 综合练习1). Lets go and help the old man to cross the road. (改为反义疑问句) Lets go and help the old man to cross the road, _ _?2). By comparing with others, you will find your problems are not so terrible.（划线部分提问） you find your problems are not so terrible?3). 因为恶劣天气，我们不得不推迟运动会。（译句）We have to _ _ the school sports meeting because of