职称英语综合类概括大意考前练习.doc

2010年职称英语综合类概括大意考前练习(1)Ford 1 Fords great strength was the manufacturing processnot invention.Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1 891 Although it was by no means the first popular automobile，the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.2 The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转).Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Fords friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland，organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line.By the time Fords Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914，the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5一a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that，he also took an hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve all awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street Journal called the planan economic crime，and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.4 But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to a11.The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didnt matterexcept for making it possible for more people to buy Cars.23 Paragraph 1_.24 Paragraph 2_.25 Paragraph 3_.26 Paragraph 4_.A Fords OpponentsB The Assembly LineC Fords Great DreamD The Establishment of the CompanyE Fords Biggest ContributionF Fords Great Talent27 The assembly line made it possible to_.28 Ford was the first to adopt_.29 Fords cars became available to ordinary people thanks to_.30 Fords higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly_.A criticized by the mediaB the low wage in the auto industryC their lower pricesD produce cars in large numbersE the 8.hour shiftF combined technology and market答案: 23.F第一段的最后一句是这么说的：虽然T模型谈不上是第一种通用的汽车，但它向世界表明了Ford在把技术和市场结合在一起方面多么富有创造性。24.B第二段的第一句话是这么说的：公司的装配线独自把美国的工业革命投入到高速运转之中。这是个主题句，讲的是“装配线”。25.E第三段的第一句话是这么说的：同年Ford以提出一天最低5美元的工资制度而震惊世界，这是他至此做出的最大的贡献。这是个主题句。26.C第四段的第一句是这么说的：然而i随着工资后来升到一天10美元，Ford梦想中-的关键部分，即汽车大家都买得起，是可以实现的。因此，C是正确的答案。27.D第二段的最后一个句子中提到“这个世界上的第一条汽车输送带每93分钟就生产一辆小汽车”。这个速度在当时是相当高的，可以想像，一年下来生产汽车的数量是相当大的。28.E第三段讲到。当是汽车工业实行的9小时工作制，平均每小时2.34美元。Ford不仅把工资翻了翻，而且还把工作日中的工作时数去除了一小时。也就是说，Ford是第一个实行8小时工作的人。29.CC填入后整个句子说的是：由于Ford生产的车成本底，普通人也买得起。答案可见于最后一段的最后一句。30.AA填入后整个句子说的是：Ford的高工资、低成本策略受到了传媒的批评。答案可以在第三和第四段中找到。2010年职称英语综合类概括大意考前练习(2)The paper Chase “Running a house is a lot like running a business.” says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you cant devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.When in doubt, throw it out. The first step to implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you dont use, dont need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings youll never have an opportunity to use or even read.Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesnt fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills one to correspond with each bill-paying day and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyones needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: “where would I look for this?” Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.1. Paragraph 2 _2. Paragraph 3_3. Paragraph 4 _4. Paragraph 5_A. Find a place to work onB. Implementing a workable filing systemC. What is a good filing systemD. How to invest in a rolling file cartE. Get rid of unimportant thingsF. Dealing with bills5. Stephanie Denton is expert _.6. You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition _.7. Coupons should be thrown away because _.8. “Mentally flexible” indicates the fact _.A. they are uselessB. in paper chaseC. that it is easily reachedD. that different people have different requirementsE. they are not comfortableF. in investing in coupons1.分析文章标题：The paper(论文?报纸?文件? 纸张) chase(追赶) “Running a house is a lot like running a business.” says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential(住宅的) and commercial paperwork (文书工作)and record keeping. To get a successful(成功的) grip on (控制)organizing(组织) documents(文件), bills(账单， 票据), and other materials(材料), Denton suggests(建议) the following(下列的) tips(技巧， 小费)借助第一段中相关语句内容可知文章标题为“文件管理”。2.分析小标题被选项：a)Find(发现，找到) a place(地方) to work onb)Implementing(实现) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)c)What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)d)How to invest in (在.方面投资， 购买)a rolling(转动的， 移动的) file cart(手推车)e)Get rid of (扔掉， 丢掉)unimportant(不重要的) things(东西)f)Dealing with (处理)bills(账单， 钞票， 票据)3.直接解题:A ) Find(找到) a place(地方) to work onB) Implementing(建立) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)C) What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)D) How to invest in (购买)a rolling(转动的， 移动的) file cart(手推车)E) Get rid of (丢掉)unimportant(不重要的) things(东西)F) Dealing with (处理)bills(账单， 钞票， 票据)1。 Paragraph 2 _Create(创造) a space(空间) in which you can always(总是) do your paperwork(文书工作).This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you cant devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in(购买) a rolling file cart (移动文件推车)to store(存储) active(活跃的， 经常使用的) paperwork and a two-drawer(两个抽屉的) file cabinet(厨柜) for family(家庭) records(记录). Store(存储) the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.1.A. 段落中出现了两次rolling file cart，所以首先重点注意D，但涉及到rolling file cart的句子并没有说到“如何投资购买”的问题，所以判断D是干扰项。由于段落一开头说到“找一个适合你做文字工作的空间”， 该句就是所在段落的主题句。提示：如果段首句是表达要求或建议的祈使句或观点句，或概括总结句，则该句往往就是所在段落的主题句.B) Implementing(建立 ) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)C) What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)E) Get rid of (丢掉)unimportant(不重要的) things(东西)F) Dealing with (处理)bills(账单， 钞票， 票据)2 Paragraph 3_When in doubt(怀疑), throw it out(扔掉). The first step to implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate(除去，淘汰) paper you dont use, dont need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings youll never have an opportunity to use or even read.2.E.段落中近义结构的出现(throw out(出现了两次)和 eliminate(消除)暗示答案应该是E(扔掉不重要的东西)提示：段落中多次重复出现(至少出现3次以上)的词语及段落中词义相近的词语或结构(至少三处以上)， 这样的词语或结构通常就是其所在段落的主题词。B) Implementing(建立 ) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)C) What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)F) Dealing with (处理)bills(账单， 钞票， 票据)3.Paragraph 4 _Set aside(留出) two days a month to pay(支付) bills. If a monthly due date doesnt fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills one to correspond with each bill-paying day and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.3.F.段落中反复出现的bills(贯穿整个段落)暗示答案是F(处理帐单)B) Implementing(建立 ) a workable(可使用的) filing system(文件归档系统)C) What is a good filing system(文件归档系统)4.Paragraph 5_Think of (把.看作为.)your filing system not (不是.而是.)as a rigid(严格的， 刚性的) tool(工具), but as(作为) a living(活得， 起作用的), breathing(呼吸的) system(系统) that can accommodate(适应，供应， 容纳) your changing(不断变化的) needs(需要). A good filing system is both mentally(精神上) and physically (身体上)flexible(灵活的，柔韧的). Everyones needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: “where would I look for this?” Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.4.C. 段落中反复出现的filing system暗示答案选项应该是B或C，而段落的第2句话：A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible.(一个好的文件归档系统能够灵活的适应精神上(工作)和身体上的需要)正好与C呼应，而段首句的内容(你的文件归档系统能够满足你不断变化的需要)也是与C更加呼应，因此判断C是答案。A. they are uselessB. in paper chaseC. that it is easily reachedD. that different people have different requirementsE. they are not comfortableF. in investing in(购买) coupons(优惠券)5. Stephanie Denton is expert(专攻.的)_.5. B. 借助搭配：expert in./专攻.的专家，并借助文章主题“paper chase”推测答案可能是B。 利用问题句中的特征词Stephanie Denton作为答案线索， 在文章中找到答案相关句：“Running a house is a lot like running a business.” says Stephanie Denton, a professional(专业的，职业的) organizer(筹办者)based(以.位基础) in Cincinnati(辛辛那提), Ohio, who specializes in(专门从事) both residential (居民的， 居住的)and commercial(商业的) paperwork(文书工作) and record keeping(记录保管). To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:根据答案相关句的内容可知Stephanie Denton是“专门负责居民和商业部分的文书和记录保管工作”， 由此判断答案为B(是文件管理方面的专家)。A. they are useless(无用的)C. that it is easily(容易地) reached(被伸手触及)D. that different(不同的) people have different requirements(要求， 需求)E. they are not comfortable(舒适的)F. in investing in(购买) coupons(优惠券)6.You can put(放置) your file cart(手推车) anywhere(任何地方) you like(喜欢), on condition ( 只要)_.6. C. 借助句子句意判断C(你可以把你的文件推车放在任何你喜欢放置的地方，只要它能容易被伸手触及)最合适。该题也可以借助file cart作为答案线索，找到答案相关句：Store(存储) the rolling(移动的) file cart wherever it is most convenient(方便的) and comfortable(舒适的) to do your work, whether that is the kitchen(厨房) , office(办公室), or (无论.还是.)family room(家庭活动室).根据答案相关句的内容可知“手推车应该放在方便使用的地方”， 因此C是答案。A. they are useless(无用的)D. that different(不同的) people have different requirements(要求， 需求)E. they are not comfortable(舒适的)F. in investing in(购买) coupons(优惠券)7 Coupons(优惠券) should be thrown away (被扔掉)because _.7. A. 文章中有个段落曾经提到过“扔掉不重要的东西”这个话题，而且A放在句子中也是语意(商家的优惠券应该被仍掉，因为它们没有用)合理。也可以利用coupon作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句， 确认答案：Throw out (扔掉)duplicate(复制的， 复制品) statements(陈述), old catalogs(目录册), and all of the coupons(优惠券), mailings(邮件), or offerings(礼券) youll never have an opportunity(机会) to use(使用) or even read.D. that different(不同的) people have different requirements(要求， 需求)E. they are not comfortable(舒适的)F. in investing in(购买) coupons(优惠券)8“Mentally flexible” indicates the fact _.8.D. 比较剩下的被选项判断D(不同的人有不同的需求)合适。也可以借助原文：A good filing system is both mentally(精神方面) and physically(身体方面) flexible(灵活的). Everyones needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: “where would I look for this?”根据划线句的内容判断D是答案。2010年职称英语综合类概括大意考前练习(3)Is There a Way to Keep the Britains Economy Growing? 1 In todays knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best.Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques.The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.2 Britain specializes in the gift of talking.The nation doesnt manufacture much of anything.But it has lawyers，stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk talk and more talk.The World Foundation think tank says the UKs four iconic jobs today are not scientists，engineers，teachers and nurses.Instead，theyre hairdressers， celebrities， management consultants and managers.But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can.3 Although the countrys trade deficit was more than 60 billion in 2006，UKs largest in the postwar period，officials say the country has nothing to worry about.In fact，Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industryand it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad.It also trades services-accountancy，insurance，banking and advertising.The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.After all，me country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud.Rocknroll is an English language medium，and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands.In other words，the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.4 However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UKs exports of goods and services.The industries are finding it hard to make a profit，according to a report of the National Endowment for Science，Technology and the Arts The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in innovation activities，3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany(61 percent)and Sweden(47 percent).5 In fact，it might be better to call Britain a “servant”economy-there are at least 4 million people“in service”.The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook，clean， and take care of their children.Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree.Most employment growth has been，and will continue to be，at the low-skill end of the service sector-in shops，bars，hotels，domestic service and in nursing and care homes.1.Paragraph 2_2.Paragraph 3_3.Paragraph 4_4.Paragraph 5_A Growth of EconomyB “Servant” EconomyC Strength of the Creative EconomyD Weakness of the Creative EconomyE Gift of talkingF Export of Talking Machines5.Every country has its own way._.6.The British government doesnt seem_.7.The creative industries find it difficult_.8.Many graduates are employed_.A to find jobsB to do low-skill lobsC to feed its peopleD to handle disputesE to make a profitF to worry about the British economy1.分析文章标题：Is there a way(方法)to keep(保持，保存，遵守) the Britains economy(经济) growing(增长， 成长)? 文章主题词：way, Britain，economy, grow2. 分析小标题备选项：A Growth of EconomyB “Servant(仆人)” EconomyC Strength(力气， 实力) of the Creative(创造性的) EconomyD Weakness (弱点)of the Creative EconomyE Gift(礼物， 才能) of talkingF Export(出口)of Talking Machines(留声机)分析：C和D; E和F分别为相关选项， 从中出现答案的可能性较大。E初看起来，偏离文章主题， 成为答案的可能性较小。3.解答概括大意题：A Growth of EconomyB “Servant(仆人)” EconomyC Strength(力气， 实力) of the Creative(创造性的) EconomyD Weakness (弱点)of the Creative EconomyE Gift(礼物， 才能) of talkingF Export(出口)of Talking Machines(留声机)1.Paragraph 2_2 Britain specializes in (专攻，擅长于)the gift (才能)of talking The nation doesnt manufacture much of anything.But it has lawyers，stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk.The World Foundation think tank says the UKs four iconic jobs today are not scientists，engineers，teachers and nurses.Instead，theyre hairdressers， celebrities， management consultants and managers.But(但是) can all this talking(谈论) keep the British economy going? The British government(政府) thinks it can.1.E. talk 这个词也在段落中多次出现， 出现了5次， 而且几乎在贯穿整个段落出现， 因此是段落主题词， 因此E或F可能是答案。 段首句及段尾句均与E相关， 意义一致， 因此E是答案。从段落具体内容上看：第二段的第一个句子说“英国的特长是有说话的天赋”。接下来就是具体说明说话天赋在经济中的表现方面。当然，作者最后对这些说话行业能否保持英国经济的运转提出了疑问。但是其主题思想仍然是在讲说话天赋。A Growth of EconomyB “Servant(仆人)” EconomyC Strength(力气， 实力) of the Creative(创造性的) EconomyD Weakness (弱点)of the Creative EconomyF Export(出口)of Talking Machines(留声机)2.Paragraph 3_3 Although the countrys trade deficit was more than 60 billion in 2006，UKs largest in the postwar period，officials say the country has nothing to worry about.In fact，Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industryand it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad.It also trades services-accountancy，insurance，banking and advertising.The government(政府) believes(相信) Britain is on the cutting edge of (在.的边缘)the knowledge(知识， 了解) economy.After all(毕竟)，the country of Shakespeare(莎士比亚) and Wordsworth(沃兹沃斯) has a literary(文学的) tradition(传统) of which to be proud(以.为自豪).Rocknroll is an English language medium，and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands.In other words(换句话说)，the creative (创造性的)economy has plenty of(大量的)strength(实力) to carry (携带，运输， 支持)the British economy.2.C . 段尾句是该段主题句。该段说：英国是著名作家Shakespeare和Wordsworth的故乡，他们以及英国的摇滚乐团创造了大量的精神财富，也为英国赚得了大量的钱，显示了创造性经济的力量。由此也可看出C是答案。提示：段落主题词出现的句子可能是段落主题句或直接与段落主题相关。A Growth of EconomyB “Servant(仆人)” EconomyD Weakness (弱点)of the Creative EconomyF Export(出口)of Talking Machines(留声机)3.Paragraph 4