定语从句Attributive clause(★★精全★★)

Grammar,TheAttributiveClause定语从句,somesayloveisariverthatdrownsthetenderreed（淹没了娇嫩的芦苇）Somesayloveitisarazor(剃刀)thatleavesyoursoultobleedSomesayloveitisahungerandendlessaching(渴望的)needIsayloveitisaflowerandyouitsonlyseedItstheheartafraidofbreakingthatneverlearnstodanceItsthedreamafraidofwakingthatnevertakesthechance,TheRose阿桑,ItstheonewhowontbetakenwhocannotseemtogiveandthesoulafraidofdyingthatneverlearnstoliveWhenthenighthasbeentoolonelyandtheroadhasbeentoolongandyouthinkthatloveisonlyfortheluckyandthestrongJustrememberinthewinterfarbeneaththebitter(苦涩的)snowliestheseed(种子)thatwiththesunsloveinthespringbecomestherose,Thekindsofattribute(定语):,1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.Whatsyourtelephonenumber?4.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.,修饰,限定,Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）,1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）,修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。,定语从句,定语从句的位置:,定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。,e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.,先行词,定语从句,Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.,Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?,关系代词的作用：连接：引导从句，把它和主句连接起来替代：在从句中替代在它前面的先行词成分：在从句中总是充当一个句子成分,引导定语从句的关系词:关系代词：who,whomwhose,which,that,关系副词：when,where,why,who指人,在从句中作主语,不可省略。也可在从句中作宾语,可省略。,e.g.Heistheman(who)talksalot.,ThegirlisourEnglishleader.,ShesitsnexttoYeYanfen.,ThegirlwhositsnexttoYeYanfenisourEnglishleader.,whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。,e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom/who)wesawattheBeijingHotel?,ThegirlisfromAmerica.,Icalledherjustnow.,Thegirl(whom/who)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.,介词后只能用whomItsmyteacherwithwhomItalkedjustnow.,whose“谁的”,指人或物，从句中作定语.,eg.Thatsthemanwhosehousewasburneddown.,whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom,Iwantaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Iwantaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.,which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。,e.g.Imnotinterestedinthebookwhichhasjustbeenpublished.,Ihavereadthenewspaper.,Itcarriestheimportantnews.,Ishowedhimtheletter.,Ireceiveditthismorning,Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.,that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。,ThehousethatImgoingtobuyfacessouth.,Theyretalkingaboutthefilm(that)Iveseen.,ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.,Janehasborrowedthebook.,JanehasborrowedthebookthatwaswrittenbyLaoshe.,限制性定语从句是大句子中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间没有逗号分开，非限制性定语从句是对主句先行次的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思的完整一般用逗号把从句和主句分开非限制性定语从句没有关系代词that.例如:Compare:Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.（Hehasonlytwosons.)Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.（Hemayhasthreesons.),限制性定语从句和非限制性从句,不用which,只能用that的情况：,先行词是不定代词all,much,little,sth.,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone时,先行词前有only,any,few,little,no,all,thevery(正是)等,ThisistheverypersonImlookingfor.,当先行词既有人又有物时,Doyouknowthethingsandthepeoplethattheyaretalkingabout?,当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时,Whichisthebikethatyouboughtyesterday?,不用that,只能用which的情况：,先行词是one,ones,anyone,those,he时,Healwayshelpthosewhoareintouble.Hewholivesamoreactivelifegetsmoretime.,不用that,只能用who的情况：,介宾结构介词提前,非限制性定语从句,Guangzhou,whichisthecapitalofGuangzhou,hostthe16thAsianGames.,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,Choosethebestanswers:,3.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that,4.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_intheforest.A.oncethegrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.5.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,1.Theman_Isawtoldmetowait.2.Themanto_Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy_fatherisanacrobat.(杂技演员)4.Hesawahouse_windowswereallbroken.,Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.,Who/that/whom,whom,whose,whose,5.Alltheapples_fallareeatenbywildboars.6.Canyouthinkofanyone_couldlookafterhim?7.Thisisthebesthotel_Iknow.8.Heshowedamachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.,that,that,that,whose,填空：1.Lookatthatlady_nameisMary.2.Heisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney_Ihad.,whose,whom/that,which/that,who,that,6.Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_IwenttoAmerica.10.wecametothetown,_westayedfor2hours.,that,that,that,when,where,Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.Theschoolisnearapark.Mysonstudiesinthisschool.Theschoolwheremystudiesisnearapark.,关系副词where,Wevisitedthehouse.Lusunoncelivedinthehouse.WevisitedthehousewhereLusunoncelived.,where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich(=inthehouse),=,Harvardisaworld-famousuniversitywhereWangAngothisDoctordegree.,Harvardisaworld-famousuniversity.ThereWangAngothisDoctorsdegree.,TheyllneverforgetJuly1.HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherlandonJuly1.TheyllneverforgetJuly1whenHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.,关系副词when,Thedaysaregoneforever.Weusedforeignoilduringthosedays.Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregoneforever.Therewasatime.Thebusinessmanlostheartatthattime.Therewasatimewhenthebusinessmanlostheart.,when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.,onwhich(=ontheday),=,Westillrememberedthedayswhenwetravelledtogether.,Thetime_IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.,when,inwhich(=inthedays),=,Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.forthereasons=why/forwhich,关系副词why,Idontliketheway_heway=that/inwhich关系副词实际上是介词先行词,that,that/inwhich/不填,time,修饰时间,place,修饰地点,reason,修饰原因,1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontofthat2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom,4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that,1Thisisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor.2Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.,Thisisthekeyforwhichyouarelooking.Thisisthebabyafterwhichyouwilllook.,动词短语拆开后,意义发生变化的,不能拆开.lookatlookfortakecareoflookafter,由when,where,why引导的定语从句Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMr.Liu.注意:先行词是时间、地点、原因，用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句,主要看这个时间，地点、原因在定语从句中作什么成分决定的。作主语或宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。,Compare:1.Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousethat/whichhevisitedlastyear.2.Thereasonwhyhecametoschoollateisthathedidntcatchtheearlybus.Thereasonthathegaveisunbelievable.,先行词在定从中的不同成分,引导词不同:a.Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisistheplacewhich(that)wevisitedlastyear.b.Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat(which)wespenttogether?,c.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewent.Thereasonthat(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.,1.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone2.Isthisfactory_someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.ThatB.whereC.whichD.theone,3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Iliveinthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.A.when;whereB.which;whichC.when;whichD.which;where4.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.forwhichB.forwhatC.whichD.that,5.Maythefourthistheday_weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich6.Isthatthereason_youareinfavoroftheproposal?A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat,7.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./8.Iwillneverforgettheday_westudiedtogether.A.atwhichB.onthatC.atthatD.onwhich,9.IshouldliketousethesameTVset_isusedinyourclassroom.A.whichB.whoC.asD.whose10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.onwhichB.whereC.inthatD.duringwhich,11.Whocanthinkofasituation_thisidiomcanbeused?A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat12.Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that,13.Ihavemanybooks,someof_areonchemistry.A.ThemB.thatC.whichD.those14.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,15.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.whereC./D.when16.Icanstillrememberthesitting-room_mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where,17.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,_forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when,as作为关系代词来用,前面的先行词通常被such,thesame,so,as来修饰,E.g.1.Itissuchamodernmachineasnooneknowshowtooperate.Comparison:Itissuchamodernmachinethatnooneknowshowtooperateit.2.Iwillbuythesamebikeasyoudid.Comparison:PleaseusethesameknifethatIgaveyoujustnow.3.Itisnotsodifficultaproblemasyouworkedout.Comparison:Itissodifficultaproblemthatnoonecanworkitout.,注意:as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,as和which引导的定语从句都可指代一句话,as引导的定语从句,可放在所修饰句的前面或后面,which只能放在所修饰句的后面.as在句中有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which则没有此意。例如：1.Asisknowntoall，heisthebeststudentinourclass.2.Heisthebeststudentinourclass,asisknowntoall.3.Healwaysthinkshighlyofhimselfbeforeothers,whichmakesothersunhappy.,as和which用在非限制性定语从句中,可指代一句话,Asisknowntoall，heisthebeststudentinourclass.2.Heisthebeststudentinourclass,asisknowntoall.3.Healwaysthinkshighlyofhimself,whichmakesothersunhappy.,as和which引导的非限制性定语从句Asisknowntoall，heisthebeststudentinourclass.2.Heisthebeststudentinourclass,asisknowntoall.3.Healwaysthinkshighlyofhimselfbeforeothers,whichmakesothersunhappy.,as引导的定语从句,可放在所修饰句的前面或后面which只能放在所修饰句的后面,“正如”,这一点,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_hedrankimmediately.A.thatB.asC.whichD.who4.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as,D,A,C,D,5.Itwasraining,_wasapity.A.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.which6._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As7.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like8.Theearthisround,_weallknow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as,D,D,B,D,翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。Heshowedmetheplacewherehelosthiswallet.2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。Idontknowthegirlwhom/thatyouspeakto.3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary.,4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?,基础练习,1.Isthatthehouse_youboughtlastyear?A.whereB.which2.Isthatthepicture_youarelaughingat?A.whichB.where3.Itisthemostinterestingbook_Illeverread.A.whichB.that,B,B,A,4.Thestreet_istotheparkisverynarrow.A.whereB.which5.Theperson_findsmywatchwillgetareward.A.whoB.when6.Thisistheroom_welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.where,B,A,B,7.Theboy_motherisillcannotcometotheparty.A.whoB.whose8.Tellmethereason_youarelate.A.whichB.why,B,B,基础巩固,(Correctmistakes),1.Doyoulikethebikeyourfriendgaveittoyou?2.Thisistheveryplacewherewevisitedmanyyearsago.3.Therearetenstudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.4.EnglishisasubjectIaminterested.5.CanyoushowmethebookwhichhavebeentranslatedintoEnglishbySmith?6.ThereisnotasinglepersoninthestreetwhomIcanturnforhelp.,（多词）,（错用引导词）,（漏引导词）,（漏介词）,（主谓不一致）,（漏介词）,which,that(先行词为物）有区别吗？,1.只用that不用which的情况：,(1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词,（2）先行词既是人又是物。,（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。,（4）先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every,who等修饰时。,Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.,Hespokeofthethingsandpersonsthathehadseenabroad.,ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.,Whothathassuchahomedoesntloveit?,（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时,Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.,ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.,只能用which的情况:,2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which,(1)Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.(2)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(3)Hesawafilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.(4)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.,1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物),Remember:Which在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。,介词+关系代词,先行词为人,关系代词用whom;先行词为物,关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用that或who,而且可省去。关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why=介词+which,1.Thisisthereason_helefthishometown.(=why)2.Illneverforgettheday_westayedtogether.(=when)3.Thisisthegirl_Ilearnedthenews.4.Theperson_IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.5.Illshowyouastore_youmaybuyallthatyouneed.(=where)6.Idontliketheway_youlaughedather.(=that;),forwhich,onwhich,fromwhom,towhom,inwhich,inwhich,1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontofthat2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that,C,A,B,B,C,1Thisisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor.2Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.,Thisisthekeyforwhichyouarelooking.Thisisthebabyafterwhichyouwilllook.,动词短语拆开后,意义发生变化的,不能拆开.lookatlookfortakecareoflookafter,你知道吗?,As也可以用来引导定语从句.,1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinkofhimself.2.IshouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.,当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,as和which用在非限制性定语从句中,可指代一句话,Asisknowntoall，heisthebeststudentinourclass.2.Heisthebeststudentinourclass,asisknowntoall.3.Healwaysthinkshighlyofhimself,whichmakesothersunhappy.,as和which引导的非限制性定语从句Asisknowntoall，heisthebeststudentinourclass.2.Heisthebeststudentinourclass,asisknowntoall.3.Healwaysthinkshighlyofhimselfbeforeothers,whichmakesothersunhappy.,as引导的定语从句,可放在所修饰句的前面或后面which只能放在所修饰句的后面,“正如”,这一点,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_hedrankimmediately.A.thatB.asC.whichD.who4.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as,D,A,C,D,5.Itwasraining,_wasapity.A.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.which6._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As7.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like8.Theearthisround,_weallknow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as,D,D,B,D,定语从句易犯错误经典小结:,1.SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidntcome.2.Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome.3.Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth.4.Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.5.Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether.6.Idontbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.,_,_,_,_,_,7.Itwasinthekitchenwherethefirebrokeout.8.Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhichheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.9.Thewayinwhichheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.10.Thewaywhichheexplainedthesentencetouswaseasytounderstand.11.Itisknowntoall,Edisoninventedthetelephone.12.Haveyouseenabookwhichcoverisreddish.13.Hefailedtheexam,thathehadntexpected.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,1Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?2Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek?,定语从句在疑问句中的使用:,Thisfactoryiswevisitedlastweek.,Thisisthefactorywevisitedlastweek.,定语从句必须要有先行词.,缺少先行词,theone,which/that,缺少关系词,请讨论：as,which引导非限制性定语从句有什么不同吗？,1.which的先行词可以是名词，as不可。(1)Themeeting,whichwasheldinthepark,wasagreatsuccess.(2)Allthebooks,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.,2.which和as都可代替整个句子的意思，但which引导的从句不放句首。(1)Crusosdogbecameillanddied,whichmadehimverylonely.(2)Asweexpected,Ourfootballteamlostthematchagain.,3.as引导的从句有(正如),(就象),(由而知）等含义.(1)TaiwanisapartofChina,asisknowntousall.(2)Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows,(3)Theladyisverylearned,asissaidinthebook.,难点解析：,