高中英语过去分词用法详解.ppt

1.作状语,2.作定语,4.作表语,3.作宾补,过去分词,Grammar,过去分词,过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。,过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行、主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。,一、过去分词作状语,过去分词表完成、被动,作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。,观察下列的句子:,Oncepublished,hisworks(=Oncehisworkswaspublished,)becamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.,PP作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。,过去分词作时间状语,1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.,2.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.Seenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.,过去分词作原因状语,1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.,2.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.,过去分词作条件或者假设状语,1.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.,2.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.,作方式或伴随情况状语,1.Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.Thehunterlefthishouse,andhewasfollowedbyhisdog.,2.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.Shesatbythewindow,andshewaslostinthought.lost表示一种迷失心理状态,1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。,Summary,过去分词作状语:,过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作,因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系被动,例如:,Rewritewithproperconjunctions,1.Unitedwestand,dividedwefail.Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfail.,Example:,2.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.,4.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.,6.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.7.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome，Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.,用过去分词作状语来改写句子。,1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays._,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.,Worriedaboutthejourney,2.Ifheisgiventime,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer._,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair._,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.,Giventime,Confusedbythenewsurroundings,4)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense._,hebecametense.,Questionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,Findoutthesentenceswithsamemeaning.,1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.,2.WhileIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Confusedbythenewsurrounding,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.3.AsIwasexhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.,1.Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.wefollowed(跟着那个老人,我们上去了)2.Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewere)(被那个老人跟着,我们上去了),Compare,3.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。_fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.Seen,B,A,DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._thebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用._ather,hejumpedwithjoy._atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,注意:选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,CompleteeachsentenceusingthePastParticipleoftherightverb.,1)_bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,_bytwopolicemen.,frightentrapfollowshoot,Frightened,followed,3)If_inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although_intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.,trapped,shot,二、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短语作定语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。,1.LastSundaywewentonanorganizedtriptotheforest.上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2.Aletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.今天发出的信后天就能收到。,分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:Heworkedasaworkerbuildingroads.(主动)=Heworkedasaworkerwho/thatbuiltroads.Thisisapicturepaintedbymyfather.(被动)=Thisisapicturewhichwaspaintedbymyfather.,Iknowtheyoungmansleepingonthebench.(在进行)=Iknowtheyoungmanwhoissleepingonthebench.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.(已完成)=Theletterwhichwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.,过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupincountryvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他们当中有一些人,生长在农村,从未见过火车。,过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:,单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。,1.前置定语,被动意义：,anhonoredguest,一位受尊敬的客人,(受伤的工人)arenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.,B.完成意义,aretiredteacher,一位退休的教师,Theyarecleaning_(落叶)intheyard.,Theinjuredworkers,thefallenleaves,2.后置定语,过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。,Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.=,Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=)toyourpartlastnight?,thathaseverbeenwritten,whohadbeeninvited,如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如:Isthereanythingunsolved?ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.,注意:,三、过去分词作宾补,1.从时间上:表动作已经完成come,go,fall,change(表位移,变化的不及物动词)Ifoundthecountrysidechangedalot.2.从语态上:表被动Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.,过去分词作宾补,1.表“希望,要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done,Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.,Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.,2.表“感觉,心理状态”的动词：,see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+object+p.p.,Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.,Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.,3.使役动词:make,get,have,keep,Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.=Iwanttogetthebarbertocutmyhair.=Iwanttoletthebarbercutmyhair.,4.介词短语作宾补,with,without+n.+p.p.,Doyouknowthemanwithhishandstiedback?,Theyleftwithoutadishtouched.,Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindshisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied,D,四、过去分词作表语,1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱,主要表示动作的完成和状态,此时相当于一个形容词。,2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者,后面常跟by短语。,Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.,Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.,3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语,表示状态,其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。如:,Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.,Hesquiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.,Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotveryexcited.,HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.,Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.,过去分词作表语,C,解析:该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有:getburnt,gethurt,getwounded,A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay,1)Theroomsare_,soyoucantmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted2)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he_.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost,3)Whathehasdoneisreally_.Nowhisparentsare_him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby,C,D,C,1.TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,didntincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying,考点点拨,C,简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语;再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词play来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。,2.Whatsthelanguage_inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析:测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichisspoken。,B,3.Mostoftheartists_tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析:测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whowereinvited。,A,4.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened简析:测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。,D,5.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析:测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichwerewritten。,D,另外,分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。(此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语),例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而hishands对于动词tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。,D,6.When_ifshewouldrequestarise,theactresssaidthatmoneywasnotimportant.A.askedB.askingC.havingaskedD.beingasked,A,7.YesterdayIsawinthenewspaperateachingpost_ataschoolclosetomyhomeandIwantedtoapplyforit.A.advertisesB.advertisingC.advertisedD.toadvertise,C,8._time,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayerA.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given,D,9.MrSmith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring,A,10.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited11.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted,A,A,12.If_thesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven13._in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding,C,C,1.Ilikereadingthenovels_(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl_(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_(repair).,written,writing,repaired,Fillingintheblanks.,4.Iwantth