菜单翻译秘笈.ppt

Rulesforinterpretingmenu,菜品口译秘籍,blendingofseasonings佐料搭配condimentkndimntn.调味品,sugar,salt,soysauce,vinegar,sesameoilricewine,cornstarch,Springonion,Ginger,Garlicchilipeppers红辣椒,five-spicepowder,whitepepper白胡椒,Blackpepper黑胡椒staranise大茴香,(一)、刀工slicingtechniques,切、削(cutting)，切片(slicing)，切丝(shredding)，切丁(dicing)，切柳(filleting)，,切条cuttingtostrips切碎mincing磨碎grinding,去骨(boning)去皮(skinning/peeling)去壳(shelling)去内脏（gutting）拔毛（plucking）刮鳞(scaling)剁末(mashing)刻、雕(carving),刨丝(grating),timing火候：,大火strongheat中火mediumheat微火gentleheat,(二)、烹调方法cookingmethods至少有50种，常用的11种：,1.炒(stir-frying)，2.煎(pan-frying)，如煎鸡蛋(pan-friedegg)。3.爆(quick-frying)，sauteed，如爆大虾(quick-friedshrimps)。,4.炸(deep-frying),如五香炸鸡翅(deep-friedchickenwingwithspicyflavor)。干炸(drydeep-frying)，软炸(softdeep-frying)酥炸(crispdeep-frying)。,红烧肉,5.烧（braising）用酱油来烧，叫红烧braisingwith/insoy/brownsauce,7.蒸（steaming），如荷叶粉蒸肉（steamedflour-coatedporkwrappedinlotusleaves）。,6.煮（boiling），速煮（instantboiling）涮羊肉instantboiledmutton，快煮（quickboiling）,8.煲/炖/煨/焖/卤（simmering/stewing），如炖栗子鸡（stewedchickenwithchestnuts），煨牛肉（simmeredbeef）。隔水炖是stewingoutofwater，用于炖补品。卤stewingingravy了。,9.熏（smoking），如熏山鸡（smokedpheasant）。,煨牛肉,10.“烘烤铁烧：铁烧（broiling或grilling）是将食物放在铁板或铁架上用明火烤。铁烧牛扒（grilledbeefsteak），。烧烤（roasting）是在火上，火前或在铁架上烧。烧乳猪（roastsucklingpig）,烘（baking）指将食物放在密闭的烘炉里烤。焙：浇油烧(basting)是指在食物烧烤过程中不时浇淋调味油，以防烤焦。奶油烧鱼柳（grilledfishwithbuttersauce），,11.白灼（scalding或blanching,如白灼海螺片（scaldedslicedconch）。酿(stuffing)腌(picking/salting)，浸泡(marinating),1.以烹调方法开头的翻译方法,（1）烹调法+主料（形状）炒鳝片Stir-friedEelSlices煨牛肉SimmeredBeef（2）烹调法+主料（形状）+(with)辅料蟹粉蒸鱼肚StewedFishTripewithCrabMeat腐乳汁烧肉BraisedPorkwithPreservedBeanCurd辣子炒肉丁Stir-friedDicedPorkwithGreenPepper（3）烹调法+主料（形状）+(with,in)调料红烧鲤鱼头BraisedCarpHeadwithSoySauce辣味烩虾球BraisedPrawnBallsWithChilli/ChiliSauce清炖猪蹄StewedPigHoofinCleanSoup,2.以主料开头的的翻译方法,有些菜肴名称不反应烹调方法，只需译出其主料，再用介词with或in接其辅料或调料。示例如下：(1)主料（形状）+(with)辅料杏仁鸡丁ChickenCubeswithAlmond牛肉豆腐BeefwithBeancurd鸡丝凉面ColdNoodleswithChickenShreds10（P166）(2)主料（形状）+(with,in)调料糖醋鱼FishwithSweetandSourSauce椒盐排骨SpareRibswithPepperandSalt11（P57）米酒鱼卷FishRollswithRiceWine,meat,chicken,fishpork,beef,muttonVeal,lamb小羊肉,3.以原料形状或口感开头的翻译方法,(1)口感+烹法+主料水煮嫩鱼TenderStewedFish香煎鸡块FragrantFriedChicken酥炸芋球CrispDeep-friedTaroBall(2)形状（口感）+主料+(with)辅料陈皮兔丁DicedRabbitwithOrangePeel时蔬鸡片SlicedChickenwithSeasonalVegetables冬笋牛肉丝FriedBeefShredswithBambooShoots(3)形状(口感)+主料+(with)调料茄汁鱼片SlicedFishwithTomatoSauce黄酒脆皮虾仁CrispShrimpswithRiceWineSauce糖醋咕咾肉FriedPorkSliceswithSweetandSourSauce,(二)、直译+音译法,对于一些有地方特色的名菜，应采用原料+地名+Style的方法。如湖南肉PorkHunanStyle，麻婆豆腐BeanCurdSichuanStyle等。用“音译地名/人名+直译原料”这种译法可能更有“中国味儿”。如：东坡肉DongpoBraisedPork宋嫂鱼羹SongsaoFishPotage北京烤鸭BeijingRoastDuck,(三)、音译+释意法,“音译“狗不理包子”译为GoubuliBaozi，等于没译。”如翻译四川名小吃担担面，直译+音译,DanDanNoodle,Thissackisakindofhot-spicednoodlesorspicypeanutnoodles.Itisfavoredwithasaucecontainingdriedshrimp,shreddedpreservedvegetables,crushedroastedpeanuts,sesameseeds,chillioil,soysauce,vinegarandgarlic.Dandanreferstoshoulderpoles.Intheearliesttimewhenanoodlepeddlershoulderhispole,heusuallycarriedtwobasketsoneithersideashewalkedalongstreets.Thebasketscontainedhisnoodlesandsauce.Hesoldhisnoodlestopassers-byandresidentswholivedonthestreets.Hisnoodlescostalmostnothing,andgraduallylocalpeoplecalleditDandanNoodle.,(四)、直译释意法,对于艺术命名法的菜名，叫化鸡BeggarsChicken-Thereisalegendarystoryconnectedtoit.Longlongagotherewasabeggar.Onedayhestoleachickenandwaspursuedbytheowner.Hewasalmostcaughtwhenhesuddenlyhituponagoodidea.Hesmearedthechickenalloverwithclay,whichhefoundnearbyandthrewitintothefirehehadbuilttocookit.Afteralongwhilethebeggarremovedthemud-coatedfromthefire.Whenhecrackedopentheclayhefound,tohisastonishment,thattheclaytogetherwiththefeatherhadformedahardshellinwhichthechickenhadbeenbakedintoadeliciousdishwithwonderfulflavour.Thatnighthehadaveryenjoyablemeal.Hencethenameofthedish.,佛跳墙,TheBuddhistmonkjumpingoverthewall-IngredientsusedforthecasserolearealldelicaciesofChinesecooking:sharksfin,seacucumber,abalone,driedscallop,ham,chicken,duck,lamb,bambooshoots,mushroomsandvariousspices.Thesearesealedinsidethecasseroleandboiledforlonghours,ensuringtheessenceofeachingredientisbeingextracted.Thus,besidesthewonderfultaste,thecasserolealsohashighnutritivevalues.17(P304)Themeaningof“theBuddhistmonkjumpingoverthewall”isthat,thisdishissodeliciousthattheBuddhistmonkcannothelptojumpoverthewallandhaveataste.,(五)、直译注释法,对于药膳的翻译，应能译出它的原料和烹法，此外还应译出其主要药理作用，雪耳龙眼汤WhiteFungusandShelledLonganSoup(withthefunctionofimprovinglungsandpreventinganemia)双鞭壮阳汤Ox-tailSoup(withthefunctionofbeingmoreenergetic)天麻炖乌鸡StewedPheasantwithGastrodia(withthefunctionofpreventingdizzinessandcuringheadache)银杏子鸡丁BraisedDicedYoungChickenwithGingko(withthefunctionofstrengtheningliverandspleen)西洋参冬虫夏草焖子鸡StewedSquabwithAmericanGinsengandChineseCaterpillarFungus(withthefunctionoftonicandtranquilizer)18(P26),(六)、意译法,典雅名称，如“狮子头”若直译为LionHead,因此江苏名菜中的蟹粉狮子头就可译为CrabMeatandMincedPorkBallinCasserole。发财好市，即发菜煮嚎豉，人们喜欢在新春佳节品尝这道菜，以祈求“发财”、“好生意”。因为“发菜”和“嚎豉”跟“发财”、“好市”谐音。因此这道菜可以译为：BlackMossCookedwithOysters蚂蚁上树，即肉末粉丝，可译为：BeanVermicelliwithSpicyMeatSauce。一卵孵双凤，即把炖好的两只鸡装入挖空果肉的西瓜壳中，把西瓜比为卵，把鸡比为凤，译为：SteamedChickeninWaterMelon。,折中,例如“老少平安”，“PeacetoYoungandOld”+“StewedBeancurdwithFish”。文化处理。“例如龙虎斗这道菜，如果先说Thedragonfightingagainstthetiger，这道菜的原料是蛇肉和猫肉，应该译为Stewedsnakeandwildc