B4, Unit10 The idocy of urban life

Unit10,Watchthemovieclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.,WhatisDougscompliant?,Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Dougfeelsguiltyforhisfamilybecauseheistoooverworkedandoverscheduledtofindtimeforhiswifeandkids,letaloneforhimself.Heisbecomingresentfulabouttheheavyburden.,Dr.Leedsoffersasolution:Dougobviouslyneedstobecloned.,2.WhatisDr.LeedssolutiontoDougsproblem?,Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Doug:ThenIgetresentfulbecauseIfeellikeIshouldhave,youknowmaybealittletimeformyself.Itslikeworkisfirst,myfamilyisaclosesecondandImadistantthird,bringinguptherear.Youknow?Isthatcrazy?Dr.Leeds:Idontknow.Imnotapsychiatrist.Anyway,youdontneedone.Iftheproblemsonyourmindarereal,thatrequiresrealsolutions.Doug:Well,then.Whatdoyoudo?Dr.Leeds:Itoldyou.Imakemiracles.Icreatetime.Imakeclones.Doug,sitdown.Imageneticist.FifteenyearsagoIstartedcloningviruses.Andthen,tenyearsago,Iclonedanearthworm.Doug:Godblessyou,sir.,VideoScript1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Dr.Leeds:Andthen.achimp.Andlastyear.Lastyear.Man#1:Hithere.Dr.Leeds:Justintime.Man#1:Hello.Dr.Leeds:ThisisDougKinney.Heisdoingournewoffices.Man#1:Oh,sure,IknowDoug.Youknow,heandIwentovertheplansoneday.Dr.Leeds:Oh?Man#1:Youweresailing.Doug:Wait,wait,waitDr.Leeds:YouunderstandwhatImsuggesting?Doug:Yeah,sure.Whatsnottounderstand?Youxeroxpeople.,VideoScript1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,VideoScript1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Dr.Leeds:Inaway.Man#1:Sortof.Dr.Leeds:Theproceduretakesabouttwohours.Ittakesmoreorlesstwohours.Andintheend,youhaveeverythingyouneed.Whatisitthat,youknow,Ineed?Doug:Time!Dr.Leeds:Allyouneed.Foreverything.Doug:Say,Iminterested,youknow.Whatwoulda.youknow,nothingfancy,justabasic,youknow,justabasic.youknowclone-jobcost?,TheauthorHenryFairlie,Culturalinformation1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,HenryFairlie(19241990)wasaBritishexpatriatejournalistandsocialcritic.Hespent36yearsasaprominentfreelancewriteronbothsidesoftheAtlantic,appearinginTheSpectator,TheNewRepublic,TheWashingtonPost,TheNewYorker,andmanyotherpapersandmagazines.Hewasalsotheauthoroffivebooks,mostnotablyTheKennedyPromise,anearlyrevisionistcritiqueoftheU.S.presidencyofJohnF.Kennedy.,In2009,BitetheHandThatFeedsYou:EssaysandProvocations,waspublishedasananthologyofhiswork.Hewroteinamannerthatwasoften“tongue-in-cheek”(intendedtobehumorousandnotmeantseriously)topointtosomeoftheamusingthingsaboutcitylife.,2.ThoreausWalden,Culturalinformation2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Modernpeoplehavelongbeentiredandboredbytheidiocyofcitylife.Sotheyseekotherpossiblewaysoflivingawayfromcitylife.ThoreausWaldenisaninfluentialworkofthistype,inwhichtheauthorisolateshimselffromsocietytogainamoreobjectiveunderstanding,ofit.Simplelivingandself-sufficiencywereThoreausothergoals,andthewholeprojectwasinspiredbytranscendentalistphilosophy,acentralthemeoftheAmericanRomanticPeriod.Throughthefollowingquote,wemayseehisstancebetter.,Culturalinformation2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,“IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.Ididnotwishtolivewhatwasnotlife,livingissodear;nordidIwishtopractiseresignation,unlessitwasquitenecessary.Iwantedtolivedeepandsuckoutallthemarrowoflife,tolivesosturdilyandSpartan-likeastoputtoroutallthatwasnotlife,tocutabroadswathandshaveclose,todrivelifeintoacorner,andreduceittoitslowestterms,and,ifitprovedtobemean,whythentogetthewholeandgenuinemeannessofit,andpublishitsmeannesstotheworld;orifitweresublime,toknowitbyexperience,andbeabletogiveatrueaccountofitinmynextexcursion.”,Structuralanalysis,Thistextfallsinthegenericcategoryofargumentation.Mostargumentationconsistsofthreeparts:thethesisoftheauthor,theevidencetosupportthethesis,andthesummaryorconclusionoftheargument.Thistextfollowsthispatterntoo.,PartI,(Paragraphs12):Theauthorpresentsthethesisofhisargument:aggressivelyindividualisticandatomizedurbanlifetodaygoesagainstboththepurposeofthecityandhumannature,andthusisfoolish.,Rhetoricalfeatures,Structuralanalysis,PartII,(Paragraphs39):Theauthorprovidesevidencefortheidiocyofurbanlife,suchaspeoplelivingoutsidethecityboundaries,maintainingthepointlessfrenzyoftheirworkhoursintheirhoursoff,andisolatingthemselvesfromnature.,Structuralanalysis,Rhetoricalfeatures,Structuralanalysis,PartIII,(Paragraph10):Theauthorreiterateshispoint.,RhetoricalFeatures1,Inanyargumentation,theauthorhasathesisofhisown.Sodoestheauthorofthistext.Wecanseefromthetitleandthetextproperthathetakesanegativeattitudetowardsurbanlifebyusingalotofattitudinalwordsandexpressions.,Rhetoricalfeatures,Structuralanalysis,TheIdiocyofUrbanLifeUrbanlifeisaggressivelyindividualisticandatomized.Citiesarenotsocialplaces.lunacyofmoderncitylifecreatesimulationsofit(rurallife)apretencetoboskywoodlandsCitydwellerstaketheirfilthwiththem.,Thefollowingitalicizedwordsandexpressionsareusedtoexpresstheauthorsattitudetowardscitylife:,RhetoricalFeatures1,Practice:Canyoufindmoresuchexpressions?,Rhetoricalfeatures,Structuralanalysis,.theymaintainthepointlessfrenzyoftheirworkhoursintheirhoursoff.workattheirplaywiththesamejoylessnessThesewindowsareascandal.theurbanworkerhasnoknowledgeoftheseasons.fetidcentralheatingnotruesenseoftherhythmsoftheseasonsThecitydwellerreelsfromunrealitytounreality.citydwellersdontknowit(aDouglasfir)oncehadroots.,Detailedreading1,Detailedreading,THEIDIOCYOFURBANLIFEHenryFairlie1Betweenabout3a.m.and6a.m.thelifeofthecityiscivil.Occasionallythelonefootstepsofsomeonewalkingtoorfromworkechoalongthesidewalk.Allworkthathastobedoneatthosehoursisusefulinbakeries,forexample.Eventhenewspaperpressesstopturningforestsintolies.Nowandthenacarcomesoutofthesilenceandcruiseseasilythroughtheblinkingtrafficlights.Thenaturalinhabitantsofthecitycomeoutfromdampbasementsandcellars.Withtheirpinkearsandpaws,sleek,well-groomed,theirwhiskerscombed,ratsaretruecitydwellers.Urbanlife,duringthehourswhentheyreign,isurbane.,Detailedreading2,Detailedreading,2Theseratsaresocialcreatures,asyoucantellifyoulookoutonthecitystreetduringaninsomniacnight.Butafter6a.m.,thetwo-legged,daytimecreaturesofthecitybegintostir;anditisthey,nottherats,whobringtheratrace.Youmightthinkthathumanbeingscongregateinlargecitiesbecausetheyaregregarious.Theoppositeistrue.Urbanlifetodayisaggressivelyindividualisticandatomized.Citiesarenotsocialplaces.,Detailedreading3,3Thelunacyofmoderncitylifeliesfirstinthefactthatmostcitydwellerstrytoliveoutsidethecityboundaries.Sothetwo-leggedcreatureshavecreatedsuburbs,exurbs,andfinallyrururbs(rubstosome).Disdainingrurallife,theytrytocreatesimulationsofit.Noeffortissparedtoletcitydwellersimaginetheyarelivinganywherebutinacity:patchesofgrassinthemoremodestsuburbs,broaderspreadsinthericheronesfurtherout;primnewtreesplantedalongthestreets;atthefootofthelargerbackyards,apretensetoboskywoodlands.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading4,4Theprofessionalpeoplebuysecondhomesinthecountryassoonastheycanaffordthem,andasearlyaspossibleonFridayheadoutofthecitytheyhavecreated.TheNewYorkintellectualsandartistsquaintlysaytheyare“goingtothecountry”fortheweekendorthesummer,butinfacttheyhavecreatedalittleManhattan-by-the-SeaaroundtheHamptons,spreadingovertheLongIslandpotatofieldswhoseearliersolitudewaspresumablythereasonwhytheyfirstwentthere.Citydwellerstakethecitywiththemtothecountry,fortheywillnotlivewithoutitspamperings.ThemainstreetsofAmericassmalltowns,Detailedreading,Detailedreading4,whichusedtohavehardwareanddrygoodsstores,arenowstripsofboutiques.Old-fashionedbarbersbecomeunisexhairdressingsalons.Thebrownratsstayinthecitiesbecauseofthefilththehumansleaveduringtheday.Theratscleanitupatnight.Soonthecountrysidewillbejustasnourishingtothem,asthecitydwellerstaketheirfilthwiththem.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading5,5Workstillgivesmeaningtorurallife,thefamily,andchurches.Butinthecitytodayworkandhome,familyandchurch,areseparated.Whattheofficeworkersdoforalivingisnotpartoftheirhomelife.Atthesametimetheymaintainthepointlessfrenzyoftheirworkhoursintheirhoursoff.Theyrushfromtheofficetojog,tothegymortheYMCApool,toworkattheirplaywiththesamejoylessness.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading6,6Eventhoughtheofficesoftodaysbusinessesinthecityarethemselvesmovingouttothesuburbs,thisdoesnotnecessarilybringtheworkersbackclosertotheirworkplace.Itmerelymeansthattotherush-hourtrafficintothecitythereisnowaddedarush-hourtrafficouttothesuburbsinthemorning,andbackaroundandacrossthecityintheevening.Asthefarmerwalksdowntohisfarminthemorning,thecitydwellerisdressingforthefirstidiocyofhisday,whichhenotonlyacceptsbutevenseeksthejourneytowork.,Detailedreading,7Inthemodernofficebuildinginthecitytherearewindowsthatdontopen.Thisisperhapsthemostsymboliclunacyofall.Outdoorsissomethingyoucanlookatthroughglassbutnottotouchorhear.Thesewindowsareascandalbecausetheyendangerthelivesofofficeworkersincaseoffire.Butnolessgrievous,evenonthefairestspringorfalldaytheworkerscannotputtheirheadsoutside.Thusitisnotsurprisingthattheurbanworkerhasnoknowledgeoftheseasons.Heisawaresimplythatinsomemonthsthereisairconditioning,andinothersthroughthesameventscomefetidcentralheating.Evenoutsideathomeintheirsuburbsthecitydwellersmayknowthatsometimesitshot,andsometimesitscold,butnotruesenseoftherhythmsoftheseasonsistobehadfromalawninthebackyardandafewspindlytreesstrugglingtosurvive.,Detailedreading7,Detailedreading,8Thecitydwellerreelsfromunrealitytounrealitythrougheachday,alwaystryingtorecovertherurallifethathasbeensurrenderedforthecitylights.Nocitydweller,eveninthesuburbs,knowsthewonderofapitch-darkcountrylaneatnight.Nordoeshenaturallygetanyexercisefromhiswork.9EveryEuropeanpointsoutthatAmericansarethemostround-shoulderedpeopleintheworld.Fewofthemcarrythemselveswithanuprightstance,althoughacorrectstanceisthefirstpreconditionoflettingyourlungsbreathenaturallyanddeeply.Electrictypewriterscutdowntheamountofphysicalexertionneededtohitthekeys;thebuttonsofawordprocessorneedevenlesseffort,asyoucantellfromthepostureofthosewhousethem.TheyrushouttojogorotherwiseFonda-izetheirleisuretotrytorepairthedamagedoneduringtheday.,Detailedreading8-9,Detailedreading,Detailedreading10,10Everythinginurbanlifeisanefforteithertosimulaterurallifeortocompensateforitslossbyartificialmeans.Itisfromthisday-to-dayexistenceofunreality,pretence,andidiocythatthecitypeople,slumpingalongtheirstreetsevenwhenscurrying,neverlookingupattheirbuildings,farlessthesky,havetheinsolencetodisdainandmocktheusefulandrewardinglifeofthecountrypeoplewhosupportthem.NowgooutandcarryhomeaDouglasfir,callitaChristmastree,andenjoy12daysofcontactwithnature.Ofcoursecitydwellersdontknowitoncehadroots.,Detailedreading,Whatisthepurposeofmentioningratsastruecitydwellers?(Paragraph1),Detailedreading1-Quesion,Theauthormentionsratsatthebeginningofthearticleforthepurposeofcontrastingratswithhumanbeings.Inasense,bothratsandhumanbeingsarecitydwellers,buttherearedifferencesbetweenthemintermsoflifeinthecity.Asnaturalinhabitantsofthecity,ratsaresocialcreaturesandleadastableurbanlife.Bycontrast,mosthumandwellersdonotenjoyurbanlifebuttrytoliveoutsidethecityboundaries;andtheyliveanindividualisticandatomizedratherthangregariouslife.Therefore,relativelyspeaking,ratsaretruecitydwellers.,Detailedreading,Whatidiocyisthereinthecitydwellerstryingtoliveoutsidethecityboundaries?(Paragraph3),Detailedreading2-Quesion,Theidiocyofthepracticeliesinthepretenceofthecitydwellers.Foronething,theydisdainrurallifeontheonehand,andontheotherhandtheytrytosimulateitbycreatinglargeorsmallpatchesofgreeneryaroundtheirsuburb,exurborrururbresidences.Foranother,whiletheyintendtolivearurallifebygoingtothecountry,theyhaveinfactspoiledthenaturalfeaturesoftheruralareasandcreatedurbansurroundingswheretheyhavesettleddown.Asaresulttheirpurposefailsintheend.,Detailedreading,Whydoestheauthorcallthecitydwellersjourneytowork“thefirstidiocyofhisday”?(Paragraph6),Detailedreading3-Quesion,Theauthorssayingsoreflectshisattitudetowardsofficeworkinthecity.Unlikefarmingwhichispartofruralhomelife,joylessworkinthecityisseparated,bothphysicallyandemotionally,fromhomelifeandconsequentlycausesunnecessaryfrenzy.Theworkersgoingtoandreturningfromworkwastesalotoftimeandthusispointless,yettheworker“notonlyacceptsbutseeks”it.Hencetheidiocyof“thejourneytowork”.,Detailedreading,Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Thecitydwellerreelsfromunrealitytounrealitythrougheachday”?(Paragraph8),Detailedreading8-Quesion,Thequotedstatementdescribesinwhatenvironmentthecitydwellerlivesandworks.Withthewindowsthatneveropen,themodernoffice,artificiallycooledinsummerandheatedinwinter,alienatestheworkerfromthetruenaturalworld.Thehomesurroundingsarenobetter.Theyprovidethedwellerwithnotruesenseoftheseasonseither.Ingeneral,thecitydwellerisremovedfromnatureandsubmergedinaman-madeenvironmenteveryday.,Detailedreading,Whataccountsforthefactthat“Americansarethemostround-shoulderedpeopleintheworld”?(Paragraph9),Detailedreading9-Quesion,Thisphenomenoniscausedbythedemeritsofofficework.Comparedwithphysicallaborinrurallife,officeworkinthecityneedsverylittlephysicalexertion,butitrequireslong-timesittingwiththesamepostureeveryday.Eventheafter-workexercisescannotcompensateforthedamagedonetothephysicalconstitutionoftheworkerduringworkhours.Thisaccountsfortheround-shoulderednessofAmericans.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading1Activity,Groupdiscussion:Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweencitylifeandcountrylife?Wheredoyouprefertolive,inthecityorinthecountry?Why?,Detailedreading,civil:a.,Detailedreading1civil1,e.g.,Hismannerwascivil,thoughnotparticularlyfriendly.Hedbeencarefultobeciviltoeveryone.,Detailedreading,(1)politeandformal,(2)applyingtoordinarycitizens,e.g.,civilrights:basicrightsthatallpeopleinasocietyshouldhavecivilaviation:aviationrelatingtoordinarypeopleratherthanmilitaryforces,(3)oforoccurringwithinthestateorbetweenoramongcitizensofthestate,e.g.,civilwar:warbetweengroupsinacountrycivilservant/service,Detailedreading1civil2,Detailedreading,Derivation:,civilizev.raisefromabarbarictoacivilizedstate,e.g.,Schoolswillhelptocivilizethewildtribesthere.,cruise:v.reject,Detailedreading,e.g.,Theoldermusiciansdisdainthenew,rock-influencedmusic.Ournewneighborsseemtobedisdainingtospeaktous.,Detailedreading3-simulation,simulation:n.imitationoftheconditionsof(asituationetc.);resemblance,Detailedreading,e.g.,simulationtest模拟考试Iwasquitedeceivedbyhersimulationofsorrow.,Derivation:,simulatev.imitate,givetheappearanceof,e.g.,Incheapfurniture,plasticisoftenusedtosimulatewood.AnnesimulatedpleasureatseeingSimon,butreallyshewishedhehadntcome.,Detailedreading3-prim,prim:a.,e.g.,aprimgarden,Detailedreading,(1)neat,e.g.,Sheismuchtooprimandpropertogointoapub.,(2)veryformalandcorrectinbehaviourandeasilyshockedbyanythingrude,hardwareanddrygoodsstores:,Detailedreading4hardwareanddrygoodsstores,Ahardwarestore(AmE)isashopsellingtoolsandequipmentthatareusedinthehouseandgardens.,Detailedreading,Drygoodsstore(AmE)sellsclothes,thread,andotherthings.,Detailedreading5frenzy,Detailedreading,frenzy:n.uncontrolledandexcitedbehaviouroremotion,whichissometimesviolent,e.g.,Agunmankilledtenpeopleinamurderousfrenzytodayinthatcity.Theaudienceworkedthemselvesupintoafrenzyastheywaitedforthesingertocomeonstage.,Detailedreading7scandal,Theministerwasforcedtoresignafterascandalinvolvinghimandanotherministerswife.Theiraffaircreatedascandalintheoffice.,e.g.,Detailedreading,scandal:n.,(1)sth.thatcausesapublicfeelingofoutrageorindignation,Someonemusthavebeenspreadingscandal.,e.g.,(2)maliciousgossip,Derivation:,scandalousa.givingoffensetomoralsensibilitiesandinjurioustoreputation,e.g.,Heisascandalouswifebeater.他是个殴打妻子的可耻之徒。,Detailedreading8reel,Detailedreading,reel:v.movefromsidetosideunsteadily,Shehithimsohardthathereeledacrosstheroom.,e.g.,Detailedreading10slump,Detailedreading,slump:v.declinemarkedly,Detailedreading10scurry,Detailedreading,scurry:v.anoffensivedisrespectfulimpudentact,Herinsolencegreatlydispleasedthejudge.Petersweptin,withhisdignityandinsolence.彼得神气十足，目空一切、大模大样地走了进来。,e.g.,Detailedreading1Urbanlife,Urbanlife,duringthehourswhentheyreign,isurbane.(Paragraph1),Explanation:,Ratsmakecitylifecourteousandrefinedwhentheydominatethecitydeepatnight.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading4Citydwellers,Citydwellerstakethecitywiththemtothecountry,fortheywillnotlivewithoutitspamperings.(Paragraph4),Paraphrase:,Citydwellerscreateallkindsofcityvoguesinthecountry,fortheywillnotlivewithoutthesefashionablethings.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading7Thesewindows,Thesewindowsareascandalbecausetheyendangerthelivesofofficeworkersincaseoffire.(Paragraph7),Paraphrase:,Thesewindowsaredisgracefulbecausetheyputthelivesofofficeworkersindangerifafireshouldoccur.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading7Notruesense,Notruesenseoftherhythmsoftheseasonsistobehadfromalawninthebackyardandafewspindlytreesstrugglingtosurvive.(Paragraph7),Paraphrase:,Alawninthebackyardandafewspindle-shapedtreesstrugglingforlifearenotenoughtogivethedwelleranytruesenseoftheseasonchanges.,Detailedreading,ConsolidationActivities-Vocabularymain,Wordandphrasepractice,Wordderivation,Synonym/Antonym,Vocabulary,Translation,Integratedskills,Oralactivities,Writing,Grammar,ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice1,1)ThecarsofthesetravellersdrovesmoothlysouthonHighway203.,Vocabulary,Translation,Integratedskills,Oralactivities,Writing,Grammar,2)Somederidedthedreamofsendingamantothemoonasinsanity.OthersvieweditasjustanotherstrategicmoveintheColdWarchessmatch.,3)Sheisacompanionablegirl.Asaresult,shehasalotoffriends.,Replacetheunderlinedpartineachsentencewithawordorphrasefromthetextinitsappropriateform.,cruised,(),lunacy,(),sociable,(),ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice1,4)Participantsintheglobe-circlingAroundAlonesailboatracespendmostofitinisolation:onesailor,oneboat,andavastocean.,Vocabulary,Translation,Integratedskills,Oralactivities,Writing,Grammar,5)Withtheexce