国际贸易术语International Price Terms.ppt

InternationalPriceTerms,LearningObjectives,TolearnthedefinitionandroleofinternationalpricetermsToknowthethreemajorinternationalrulesandpracticesofpricetermsTounderstandthesixcommonlyusedpricetermsinIncoterms2000Tolearntheothersevenpriceterms,CompanyLogo,Contents,Lead-in,UnderstandingIncoterms“InternationalCommercialTerms”“Incoterms”arestandardtradedefinitionsmostcommonlyusedininternationalsalescontracts.DevisedandpublishedbytheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)，theyareattheheartofworldtrade.,DefinitionandRoleofPriceTerms,DefinitionofPriceTerms,Priceterms,alsoknownastradeterms,deliverytermsorcommercialterms,arestandardizedtermsusedininternationaltradecontractswhichdefinethetradecontractresponsibilitiesandliabilitiesbetweenbuyerandseller.,Priceterms,RoleofPriceTerms,InternationalRulesandPractices,CategoriesofIncoterms,GroupE,GroupF,GroupC,GroupD,DepartureEXW,MainCarriageUnpaidFCAFASFOB,MainCarriagePaidCFRCIFCPTCIP,ArrivalDAFDESDEQDDUDDP,CategoriesofIncoterms,CategoriesofIncoterms,PriceTerm,FOB,CFR,CIF,FOB,“FreeonBoard”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.Ifthepartiesdonotintendtodelivergoodsacrosstheshipsrail，theFCAtermshouldbeused.,FOB,Thesellersobligationsareasfollows:Obtainingexportlicenseorotherofficialdocumentsandgoingthroughallthecustomsformalitiesfortheexportofthegoods.Deliveringthegoodsonboardthevesseldesignatedbythebuyerattheportofshipmentwithintheperiodstipulatedinthecontractandgivingthebuyersufficientnoticethatthegoodshavebeensodelivered.Bearingallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsandallcostsrelatingtothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedthegivenshipsnailatthenamedportofshipment.Providingthecommercialdocumentsoritsequivalentelectronicmessagetothebuyer.,FOB,Thebuyersobligationsareasfollows:Contractingathisownexpenseforthecarriageofthegoodsfromthenamedportofshipmentandgivingthesellersufficientnoticeofthevesselname,loadingpointandrequireddeliverytime.Obtainingimportlicenseorotherofficialdocumentsandgoingthroughallthecustomsformalitiesfortheimportofthegoods.Bearingallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsandallcostsrelatingtothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedthegivenshipsrailatthenamedportofshipment.Takingdeliveryofthegoodsandmakingpaymenttotheseller.,CFR,“CostandFreight”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailintheportofshipment.Thesellermustcontractforthecarriageofthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationandpayrelativecostsandfreight.Buttheriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.,CFR,Thetermcanheusedonlyforseaandinlandwaterwaytransport.Ifthepartiesdonotintendtodeliverthegoodsacrosstheshipsrail,theCPTtermshouldbeused.Thereisonemoreobligationoftheseller,accordingly,onelessobligationofthebuyerinCFRthaninFOB.,CIF,“Cost,InsuranceandFreight”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheshipsrailintheportofshipment.Thesellermustcontractforthecarriageofthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationandpaytherelativecostsandfreight.Buttheriskoflossofordamagetothegoods，aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.,CIF,Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaandinlandwaterwaytransport.Ifthepartiesdonotintendtodeliverthegoodsacrosstheshipsrail，theCIPtermshouldbeused.ThereisonemoreobligationofthesellerinCIFthaninCFR.Thatisprocuringmarineinsuranceagainstthebuyersriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriagefromtheportofshipmenttothenamedportofdestination.,FCA,CPT,CIP,FCA,“FreeCarrier”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsthathavebeenclearedforexportbyhim,tothecarriernominatedbythebuyeratthenamedplace.Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransport，includingmultimodaltransport.,FCA,“Carrier”meansanypersonwho,inacontractofcarriagemadewiththebuyer,undertakestoperformor/toprocuretheperformanceoftransportbyrail,road,air,sea,inlandwaterwayorbyacombinationofsuchmodes.Ifthebuyernominatesapersonotherthanacarriertoreceivethegoods,thesellerisdeemedtohavefulfilledhisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheyaredeliveredtothatperson.,FCA,Thesellersobligationsareasfollows:Obtainingexportlicenseorotherofficialdocumentsandgoingthroughallthecustomsformalitiesfortheexportofthegoods.Deliveringthegoodsonboardthevesseldesignatedbythebuyerattheportofshipmentwithintheperiodstipulatedinthecontractandgivingthebuyersufficientnoticethatthegoodshavebeensodelivered.Bearingallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsandallcostsrelatingtothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedthegivenshipsnailatthenamedportofshipment.Providingthecommercialdocumentsoritsequivalentelectronicmessagetothebuyer.,FCA,Thebuyersobligationsareasfollows:Contractingathisownexpenseforthecarriageofthegoodsfromthenamedplaceandgivingthesellersufficientnoticeofthenameofthecarrieroranotherpersondesignated,aswellasthedateorperiodfordeliveringthegoodstohimand,asthecasemaybe,theprecisepointwithintheplacewherethegoodsshouldbedeliveredtothatparty.Obtainingimportlicenseorotherofficialdocumentsandgoingthroughallthecustomsformalitiesfortheimportofthegoods.Bearingallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsandallcostsrelatingtothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavebeendeliveredtothecarrieroranotherpersonnominatedatthenamedplace.Takingdeliveryofthegoodsandmakingpaymenttotheseller.,CPT,“CarriagePaidto”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarriernominatedbyhimself,buthemustcontractforthecarriageofthegoodstothenameddestinationandpaytherelativecostsandfreight.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyothercostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodeliveredtothecarriernominatedbytheseller.,CPT,“Carrier”meanswhoinacontractofcarriagemadewiththeseller，undertakestoperformortoprocuretheperformanceoftransport,byrail,road,air,sea,inlandwaterwayorbyacombinationofsuchmodes.Ifsubsequentcarriersareusedforthecarriagetotheagreeddestination,theriskpasseswhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothefirstcarrier.,CPT,Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransportincludingmultimodaltransport.Thereisonemoreobligationoftheseller,accordingly,onelessobligationofthebuyerinCPTthaninFCA.,CIP,“CarriageandinsurancePaidto”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarrierdesignatedbyhimself,andcontractsforthecarriageofthegoodstothenameddestinationandpaytherelativecostsandfreight.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyadditionalcostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodeliveredtothecarrierdesignatedbytheseller.,CIP,“Carrier”meansanypersonwho,inacontractofcarriagemadewiththeseller,undertakestoperformortoprocuretheperformanceoftransport,byrail,road,air,sea,inlandwaterwayorbyacombinationofsuchmodes.Ifsubsequentcarriersareusedforthecarriagetotheagreeddestination,theriskpasseswhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothefirstcarrier.,CIP,Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransportincludingmultimodaltransport.ThereisonemoreobligationofthesellerinCIPthaninCPT.,FOB/CFR/CIFVs.FCA/CPT/CIP,Thelinkagesbetweenthetwocategories,FOB/CFR/CIFVs.FCA/CPT/CIP,Similarities:Allaretermsofsymbolicdeliveryandthecontractsunderthemareshipmentcontracts.Thesellerdeliverswhenheloadsthegoodsonboardtheshippingvesselordeliversthemtothecarrier.Heisnotresponsibleforthearrivingofthegoodsingoodconditionatthedestination.Thesellersobligationinthefirsttermplusoneofcontractingforcarriagebecomesthatinthesecond.Then,thatinthesecondtermplusanotheroneofprocuringinsurancebecomesthatinthethird.,FOB/CFR/CIFVs.FCA/CPT/CIP,Differences:ThecategoryofFOBICFR/CIFcanbeusedonlyforseaandinlandwaterwaytransportwhiletheothercategorycanbeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransportincludingmultimodaltransport.TheriskstransfertothebuyerfromthesellerwhenthegoodshavepassedtheshipsrailattheportofShipmentinFOB/CFR/CIFbutwhentheyaredeliveredtotheinternationalcarrierinFCA/CPT/CIP.,TheOtherSevenPriceTerms,EXW:“ExWorks”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenheplacesthegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyeratthesellerspremisesoranothernamedplace(i.e.Mills,mines,factory,warehouse,etc.)notclearedforexportandnotloadedonanycollectingvehicle.,TheOtherSevenPriceTerms,EXW:Thistermthusrepresentstheminimumobligationfortheseller,whilethebuyer(importer)undertakestheobligationtoclearthegoodsforexportandhastobearallcostsandrisksaftertakingdeliveryofthegoodsfromthesellerspremisesbyhimselforhisagent,orthecarriernominatedbyhim.Thistermshouldnotbeusedwhenthebuyercannotcarryouttheexportformalitiesdirectlyorindirectly.Insuchcircumstances,theFCAtermshouldbeused,providedtheselleragreesthathewillloadathiscostandrisk.,TheOtherSevenPriceTerms,FAS:“FreeAlongsideShip”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedalongsidethevesselatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatmoment.Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.TheFASrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.ThisisareversalfrompreviousIncotermsversionswhichrequiredthebuyertoarrangeforexportclearance.,TheOtherSevenPriceTerms,DAF:“DeliveredatFrontier”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyeronthearrivingmeansoftransportnotunloaded,clearedforexportbutnotclearedforimportatthenamedpointandplaceatthefrontier，butbeforethecustomsborderoftheadjoiningcountry.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatmoment.Theteam“frontier”maybeusedforanyfrontierincludingthatofthecountryofexport.Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeofsportwhengoodsaretobedeliveredatalandfrontier.,TheOtherSevenPriceTerms,DES:“DeliveredExShip”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyeronboardtheshipnotclearedforimportatnamedportofdestination.Thesellerhastobearallthecostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationbeforedischarging.IfthepartieswishthesellertobearthecostsandrisksofdischargingtheGoods,thentheDEQtermshouldbeused.TheDEScanbeusedonlywhenthegoodsaretobeshippedbyseaorinlandwaterwayormultimodaltransportbutdeliveredonavesselintheportofdestination.,TheOtherSevenPriceTerms,DEQ:“DeliveredExQuay”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyernotclearedforimportonthequay(wharf)atthenamedportofdestination.Thesellerhastobearcostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationanddischargingthegoodsonthequay(wharf).TheDEQtermrequiresthebuyertoclearthegoodsforimportandtopayforallformalities,duties,taxesandotherchargesuponimport.Thisisareversalfrompreviousincotermsversionswhichrequiredthesellertoarrangeforimportclearance.,TheOtherSevenPriceTerms,DEQ:Thistermcanbeusedonlywhenthegoodsaretobeshippedbyseaorinlandwaterwayormultimodaltransportbutdeliveredonthequay(wharf)intheportofdestinationafterbeingdischargedfromthevessel.,TheOtherSevenPriceTerms,DDU:“DeliveredDutyUnpaid”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothebuyer,notclearedforimport,andnotunloadedfromthearrivingmeansoftransportatthenamedplaceofdestination.Thesellerhastobearthecostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthereto,otherthanany“duty”(thetermwhichincludestheresponsibilityforandtherisksofthecarryingoutofcustomsFormalities,andthepaymentofformalities,customduties,taxesandothercharges)forimportinthecountryofdestination.Such“duty”hastobebornebythebuyeraswellasanycostsandriskscausedbyhisfailuretoclearthegoodsforimportintime.,TheOtherSevenPriceTerms,DDP:“DeliveredDutyPaid”meansthatthesellerdelivers