现在分词PPT课件

,V-ing,Grammarandusage,Learningaims(学习目标):1.Graspthedefinition(定义)ofV-ing2.Graspthetenses(时态)andvoices(语态)ofV-ing3.Graspthefunction(功能)ofV-ing.,请说明划线部分的句子成分,Ilostmyumbrella.Shedoesherhomeworkeveryday.Sheplaystheviolincarefully.Theboyisverynaughty.Wemadehimcry.Thisisafantasticbook.Ihavetwoforeignfriends,aCanadianandanAmerican.Dontsteponthegrass.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,宾补,定语,同位语,状语,千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！,不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。,时态和语态,doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone,现在分词的否定式：notdoing,解题步骤：1.判断是否为非谓语动词2.与逻辑主语的关系3.与谓语动词的先后关系,1、动名词作主语(表一般性的，泛指的，抽象的,时间概念不强的动作),眼见为实，耳听为虚。Seeingisbelieving。说比做容易多了。Sayingiseasierthandoing.玩电脑游戏是没有好处的。Playingcomputergamesisnogood.=Itsnogoodplayingcomputergames.,一、V-ing作主语,2，It做形式主语的句型，某些句型中用V-ing做逻辑主语。Itisnousedoing做没用Itisnogooddoing做没好处Itisuselessdoing做.没有用Thereisnopoint(in)doing做没有意义,不要做无意的后悔。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.抽烟是没有好处的。Itisnogoodsmoking.说再多也是没有用的。Itisuselesstalkingtoomuch.跟他争辩是没有意义的。Thereisnopointinarguingwithhim.,1.他是一个攻击型的运动员。Heisan_(attack)player.2.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。Heaskedan_(embarrass)question.3.正在学走路的小孩常常跌跤。Alittlechild_(learn)towalkoftenfalls.=Alittlechildwhoislearningtowalkoftenfalls.注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。,二、V-ing作定语,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语；如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。,attacking,embarrassing,learning,转换成定语从句：Thepeoplesittingbehindusareteachers.=TheexpertcomingfromHongkongisaladycalledMsCai.=,Thepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusareteachers.,TheexpertwhocomesfromHongkongisaladycalledMsCai.,1)说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。Theysetupan_(operate)tableinasmalltemple.他说不定在阅览室里。Hemaybeinthe_(read)room，forallIknow.女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。Ladiesandgentlemen，pleasegoandwaitinthe_(meet)room.,operating,reading,meeting,2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作.1.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。Therewereabout200children_(study)intheartschool.2.正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁？Whoisthewoman_(talk)toourEnglishteacher？,talking,studying,3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，表示“令人”。常用的此类词有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。如：1.那准时一段可怕的经历。Thatmusthavebeena_(terrify)experience.2.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。Theexperimentwasan_(amaze)success.3.这本书缺了一页。Thereisapage_(miss)fromthisbook.,terrifying,amazing,missing,注意：除了-ing形式能做定语外，如果-ing形式表正在与被修饰词又是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即beingdone。如：1.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。Thetallbuilding_(build)nowisournewschool.2.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。Thequestion_(discus)waspresentedbytheheadmaster.,beingbuilt,beingdiscussed,1.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_(remain)20dollars.2.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_(cover)thedesert.3.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_(study)Chineseintheschool，most_werefromGermany.4.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_(study)Chineseintheschool，andmost_(they)werefromGermany.5.Thequestion_(discuss)atpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.6.Chinaisa_(develop)country_(belong)tothethirdworld.,remaining,covering,studying,ofwhom,studying,ofthem,beingdiscussed,developing,belonging,1.YourjourneyinKenyaisreally_(excite).2.Whatyoudidwas_(disappoint).3.ThenightmareIhadlastnightwasvery_(frighten).,现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征,相当于形容词,其主语通常是物.,三、V-ing作表语,disappointing,exciting,frightening,1）作动词的宾语Shedenied_(make)amistake.Heimagined_(lead)ahappylife.2)作介词宾语Heleftwithout_(say)good-byetous.Isthereanyhopeof_(catch)theearlybus?,四、V-ing作宾语,making,leading,saying,catching,1.只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词avoid,miss,putoff;避免错过(少)延期;advise,finish,practise;建议完成多练习;enjoy,imagine,canthelp;喜欢想象禁不住admit,deny,envy;承认否认与妒忌;escape,risk,excuse;逃避冒险(莫)原谅;stand,keep,mind.忍受保持(不)介意.,2.只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词短语insiston,objectto,begoodat,leadto,putoff,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,devoteto,beworth,getusedto,payattentionto3.动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,canthelp后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。forget,regret,remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。,1)remembertodo记住要做某事rememberdoing记得过去做过某事,我记得在街上见过他。,Iremember_(meet)himinthestreet.,我想起来要给我父母亲写信。,Iremember_(write)alettertomyparents.,2)forgettodo忘记去做某事forgetdoing忘记做过某事,我忘了去为她寄那封信了.,Iforgot_(mail)theletterforher.,我忘记了写过那篇作文.,Iforgot_(write)thatcomposition.,meeting,towrite,tomail,writing,3)stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事,请不要抽烟,Stopsmoking,please.,咱们停下来休息一下吧。,Letsstoptohavearest.,4)meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着,Imeant_(catch)upwiththeearlybus.,Thismeans_(waste)alotofmoney.,我打算赶上早班车.,这意味着花很多钱.,tocatch,wasting,5)trytodo设法尽力做某事trydoing试着做某事,Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.,你设法尽力克服你的缺点.,Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.,试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题.,6)regrettodo对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾regretdoing对已做过的事表示后悔,我后悔花了那么多钱.,我很遗憾地吿诉你,你高考失败了.,Iregretspendingsomuchmoney.,Iregrettotellyouhavefailedthecollegeentranceexam.,Wedontallow_(walk)onthegrass.Wedontallowpeople_(walk)onthegrass.Peoplearenotallowed_(walk)onthegrass.,4.allow,advise,forbid,permit+doingallow,advise,forbid,permit+sb.+todoeg.我们不允许在这抽烟。Wedontallowsmokinghere.我们不允许学生抽烟。Wedontallowstudentstosmoke.,walking,towalk,towalk,五、V-ing作宾语补足语,常见的两类接现在分词作宾补的动词：感官动词：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe,notice,lookat,listento.使役动词：have,keep,catch,leave.,我刚刚听见那个女孩正在教室唱歌.,Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.,洗手的时候不要让水一直流.,Dontkeepthewaterrunningwhilewashingyourhands.,特殊的两个区别：1).现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补的区别。doing：动作正在进行+主动todo：动作的。试比较：1.Iheardhersingingasongjustnow.2.Iheardhersingasongjustnow.=Shewasheardtosingasongjustnow.,动作正在进行+主动,(听见全过程),全过程,2).现在分词被动式与过去分词作宾补的区别。beingdone：正在进行+被动done：动作已完成+被动试比较：1.Isawhimbeingtakenaway.我看到他正被人带走。2.Isawhimtakenaway.我看到他被带走了。,(正在进行+被动),(完成+被动),六、V-ing作状语,动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间,原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等,相当于相对应的状语从句。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。,1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词-ing前加一个表时间的连词，如when,while等）,Afterwehavemadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.=wearereadyfortheexamination.,(一听到消息)theyjumpedwithgreatjoy.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,Henrywenthome.=,Henrywenthome.,Havingmadefullpreparations,Hearingthenews,Havingfinishedhishomework,2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Sincehewasill.),hecouldntaffordaTVset.(=Ashewaspoor,hecouldntaffordaTVset.)wecouldntgetintouchwithhim.(=Becausewedidntknowhisphonenumber,wecouldntgetintouchwithhim.),Beingpoor,Notknowinghisphonenumber,3结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语。他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.Hisfatherdied,Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,(=Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries;asaresult,itbecomesthemostpopularsportintheworld.),leavinghimalotofmoney.,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.,.,31,4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons，youwillsucceed.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youllfindagoodway.=Ifyoudrivetoofast,youlldamagethecar.=,Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.,Usingyourhead,youllfindagoodway.,Drivingtoofast,youlldamagethecar.,.,32,5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。=Althoughhewastoilingalltheyearround,thepoorpeasantcouldntaffordtosendhischildrentoschool.这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。=Thoughitweighedalmostonehundredjin,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.,Althoughtoilingalltheyearround,Weighingalmostonehundredjin,.,33,6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。,他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。Helayonthegrass,andstaredattheskyforalongtime他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。Hewentout,slammingthedoor.,=Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.,=Hewentout,andheslammedthedoor.,1.Sixtymillionpeople_(live)inruralareasaremovingtothecitieseveryyear.2.Ioftenseemyteacher_(run)ontheplayground.3.Ourtripwas_(disappoint).Wedidnotfindanyunusualplants.,Practice,living,run,Fillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform.,disappointing,4.Isawthem_(force)thedooropenwithahammer.5.Theyaskedme(thank)yourmother.6.Thenewswas_(shock).Allthethreeboatshadsunkinthestorm.,forcing,tothank,shocking,4.现在分词作状语1).作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句(常同连词when,whenever,while,once,until等连用)Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.,=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.,2).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Beingastudent,Imustworkhard.,Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,=BecauseIamastudent,Imustworkhard.,=Becausehedidntknowwhattodonext,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.,Notknowingwhattodonext,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.,3.作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句Workinghard,youwillsucceed.,Puttingmoresaltintothesoup,youwillfinditmoredelicious.,=Ifyouputmoresaltintothesoup,youwillfinditmoredelicious.,=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.,4.作伴随状语,相当于并列句Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.,5.作结果状语Hisfatherdied,leavinghimlotsofmoney.,=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.,注意:,V-ing有其完成式_,表示分词动作发生于主句动作之_。V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之_。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主语_且有逻辑_关系，往往可转换为相应的状语从句。,havingdone,前,前,一致主动,1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.,Choosethecorrectsentence.,3.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.4.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.,考点解析：非谓语动词是高考的一个热点,V-ing常考的形式有以下几点：一、时态与语态（完成时态的主动、被动形式）二、结果状语（自然而然的结果），时间状语三、被动形式作定语；被动形式跟在介词后作宾语四、否定时not的位置五、在问句中作主语进行回答,考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语tookaposition之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。,（10湖南）26.Dina,formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggle,(08陕西卷)14._aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow,答案：C。我们是被带领参观的因此是被动语态。先参观水立方后去看鸟巢所以时态是完成时态,句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。解析：空格后seriousflooding是rainedheavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。答案：C.,（10天津）12.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth，seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause,考点：考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。解析：句中listen和trynottomiss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。,（10四川）17Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention，_tomissanypointAnottryingBtryingnotCtotrynotDnottotry,答案：选A.enabling表示他在捐献后的（自然）结果,（10江苏）28.Theretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschoold