高考英语复习-形容词、副词用法PPT课件

.,1,专题-形容词、副词,Maker:Strong11th,Jan2007,.,2,高考考点归纳1.比较级和最高级1).形容词和副词的比较级,最高级的特定结构2).修饰形容词,副词比较级和最高级的词的顺序3).比较级结构和潜在比较级的问题2.形容词,副词的意义和用法3.形容词,副词的排列顺序,.,3,形容词1.定义是修饰名词表示名词属性的词,常放在它所修饰的名词之前Eg:Ihaveabigbag.,.,4,2.基本用法:可做1)定语(放在名词前);2)表语(放在系动词后);3)宾语补足语;4)the+形容词可转化为名词1)Jimisadiligentboy.2)Johnishonestandwarm-hearted.Fathergotangrywhenheheardthenews.3)Youmustkeeptheroomclean.Dontleavethedooropen.4)Theyoungareenergeticandenthusiastic.,.,5,3.几种特殊情况，须牢记：1).形容词短语作定语，定语后置。eg.alanguagedifficulttomasteraleaningtowerabout180feethigh,2).表语形容词（afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive等）作定语，定语后置如amanalive有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well,faint,ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。,3).形容词用作定语，修饰不定代词通常后置。4).else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。,.,6,5).多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：asmallbeautifulroom。常用的顺序为：记住：限数描形新颜国材（名词）Eg:ThefirstbeautifullargelongnewredChineseconcretebridge.请译：一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶。,anicebignewChinesechinavase,.,7,4.复合形容词的构成1.形名edkind-heartedwhitehaired2.形形redhotdarkblue3.形现分goodlookingeasygoing4.副词现分hardworkingfastmoving5.副词过分hardwonnewlymade6.名形lifelongworldfamous7.名现分peacelovingfunloving8.名过分snowcoveredhandmade9.数名edfourstoreyedthreelegged10.数名ten-yeartwo-man,.,8,5.形容词的比较等级表示形容词原级的句型：双方相等时，用句型“.as+形容词原级+as.”/“.thesame（+名词）+as.”Eg:Heisasintelligentashissister.Hehasthesameintelligenceashissister.Heisasintelligentastudentashissister.,.,9,双方不相等时，用句型“.notso/as+形容词原级+as.”/“.bedifferentfrom.”LearningEnglishisnotsohardaslearningRussia.EnglishisnotsodifficultasubjectasRussia.,.,10,一方是另一方的若干倍时，表示倍数的结构有以下几种：1.Aisthree(four,etc.)times/half/onethirdthesize(height,length)ofB.如：Theirlibraryistwicethesizeofours.2.Aisthree(four,etc.)times/half/onethirdasbig(high,long)asB.如：Thenewbridgeisthreetimesaslongastheoldone.3.Aisthree(four,etc.)times/half/onethirdbigger(higher,longer)thanB.如：Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.,.,11,4.表示形容词比较级的句型：1)表示一方超过另一方时，用“形容词比较级+than.”，而且可以用much,even,alot,any,still,abit,alittle,agreatdeal,times,%,far,byfar等副词修饰形容词比较级；Theweatherofthisyearisalothotterthanthatoflastyear.Isthishotelanybetterthantheonewelivedinlasttime?,.,12,2)表示一方不如另一方时，用“.less+形容词原级+than.”；IadmitthatIamlessbravethanyou.Heislessnervousthanyou.3).表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级.the+比较级.”（越越）如：Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.4).不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级and+比较级”结构，表示越来越Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautifulandricherandricher.,.,13,5).more.than与其说倒不如说Itismorelikeawallthanaspear.Theyaremorelikefatherandsonthanteacherandstudent.Smithismorediligentthanintelligent.6).not+比较级纯表示比较no+比较级含有对两者的否定IamnotbetteratEnglishthanyou.IamnobetteratEnglishthanyou.(Imply:NeitheryounorIamgoodatEnglish.),.,14,7）某些以ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than.这些词有inferior(劣等的，次的），superior,junior(资历较浅的）,senior。如：heissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.8)倍数表达法1.Ais+倍数thesize(height/length/width/depth)ofB2.Ais+倍数asasB3.Ais+倍数比较级thanB注意：times表三倍以上，两倍用twice/double形容词修饰不定代词时放在后面.Eg:Ididntgetanythingvaluablefromthespeech.Ifyoulistencarefully,youwillfindsomethingnew.,.,15,对以上句型要特别注意在具体语言环境中的灵活运用。例如：Whatdoyouthinkofhisvoice?IdontthinkIhaveeverheardabettervoice.该对话的答语以比较级的形式表达了最高级的含义，意思等于“Ithinkhisvoiceisthebest”。Thetripcouldnothavebeenbetter.TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyriverinKorea.,.,16,副词用法1.定义：指用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句，表示时间，地点，程度，方式等概念，反映动作行为以及陈述事情的性质特征2.作用:修饰动词；修饰形容词；修饰副词3.位置:通常放在形容词前动词之后4.多个副词作修饰语时的顺序:）地点状态（方法）时间Eg:Idrovedowntownquicklythismorning.）副词副词短语Eg:Wearrivedsafelyatthestation.,.,17,用做状语,修饰动词,形容词,副词,词组,或整个句子.1.Theylistenedtotheteacherattentivelyandtooknoteseverynowandthen.2.Theticketisterriblyexpensive.3.IlikeEnglishverymuch.4.Heisreallyagoodman.5.Obviously,heistellingalie.Actually/luckily/generally/unfortunatelyetc常用来修饰句子.,.,18,注意:1.名词+ly构成形容词;形容词+ly构成副词friendly,lovely,lively,homely,manly(形容词)friendlily,livelily,happily(副词)2.fast,early,straight既是形容词又是副词,不加ly.Herunsfast.Canyougivemeafastanswer?,.,19,两种副词形式的比较有些常用副词，两种形式，意义不同。如：close接近（指距离）closely仔细地；密切地free免费freely自由地；自如地deep深deeply深刻地hard努力地hardly几乎不wide宽widely广泛地high高highly高度地late晚；迟lately近来most最mostly主要地；绝大多数地,.,20,形容词副词的比较级和最高级可分规则和不规则2种形式,1.规则变化单音节词一般在词尾加-er和-est如果以-e结尾的单音节词，仅加-r和-st,eg:large如果已辅音字母加y结尾的少数双音节词，把y变成i再加-er和-est，例如：happy如果单音节词以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节，需双写词尾再加-er和-est,例如：bigbiggerbiggest如果以er,ow结尾的少数双音节词,加-er,-est,eg:clever,narrow不以y,er,ow结尾的双音节词,全部多音节的形容词或副词，形式上与分词相同的形容词以及以ly结尾的副词,都在词前加more,most,.,21,常见的不规则变化的词有：good/well?-?bad/ill?many/much?little?far?,3.无比较级的情况）某些程度副词，如:quite,rather,completely,relatively,fairly等与形容词连用已具有“比较”含义，故这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级）下列几类形容词也没有比较级：a.表示“终极”或绝对概念的,如:absolute(ly),blind,dead,fullentire,living,round,wrongetc.b.表示时间，方位或方向的,如:back,forward,front,past,weekly,monthly,present,southernetc.c.部分表示事物性质，物质材料或结构成分的形容词,如atomic,cultural,golden,political,woodenetc.d.本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词,如:maximal,mere,only,uniqueetc.,.,22,重要词语辨析very和much的区别可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much.表示状态的过去分词前用very。如：averyfrightenedboy;averytiredchildaverycomplicatedproblem,以-ing,-ed结尾的分词多用much,verymuch,greatly修饰。如：WeweregreatlyshockedbythenewsaboutTom.too前用much或far,不用very,Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.,注意：修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite,completely,well,entirely等修饰。如：quitewrong/mistaken/sure;completelydead;quiteimpossible,quiteperfect等。,.,23,1.(北京卷)23.This_girlisLindscousin.A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish形容词顺序,练习:,.,24,2.（山东卷）28.Mr.Smithowns_collectionofcoinsthananyoneelseIhaveevermet.A.largerB.alargerC.thelargerD.alarge,.,25,3.(广东卷)27.Johnisverylazy.Hefalls_behindinhisstudies.A.veryB.farC.moreD.still副词,.,26,4.（湖北卷）28Whatatable!Iveneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis_itislong.AhalfnotaswideasBwidenotashalfasCnothalfaswideasDaswideasnothalf,.,27,5.(江苏卷)22.-HowiseverythinggoingonwithyouinEurope?-Quitewell.NotsosmoothlyasIhoped,_.A.thoughB.insteadC.eitherD.too,.,28,6.(江苏卷)28.Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels_desiredtogotobed.A.themostB.moreC.worseD.theleast,.,29,7.（全国卷3）6Isyourheadachegetting_?No,itsworse.AbetterBBadClessDwell8.(江西卷)34MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe_carefulwiththat.AenoughBtooCsoDvery,.,30,9.（上海卷）41.Therewassuchlongqueueforcoffeeattheintervalthatwe_gaveup.