英语课件1Why people work

,Unit10,Whypeoplework,Doyouviewworkasaburdenoranopportunity?Areyouthekindofpersonwholooksforwaystosaveyourenergyorthekindthatfindsspendingyourenergysatisfying?Whydopeopleliketocomplainaboutwork?Findtheanswerstoquestionliketheseinthefollowingessay.,你将工作视为一种负担,还是机遇?你是什么样的人,寻找方法来拯救你的能量或者善于寻找你的能量支出状况满意吗?为什么人们喜欢抱怨工作吗?中发现答案的问题像这些在下面这篇文章。,Jobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinesssandcontentment.Wereallusedtothinkingthatworkprovidesthematerialthingsoflife-thegoodsandservicesthatmakepossibleourmoderncivilization.Butwearemuchlessconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidesthemoreintangible,butmorecrucial,psychologicalwell-beingthatcanmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife.,做工和工作起到的作用要远超出我们中的大多数任认识到的那样:提供快乐砂称心如意。我们习惯于认为,劳动提供了生活的物质财富可能的商品和服务使我们的现代文明。可是,我们却很少意识到,在一定程度上,工作带来的无形的、更关键的心理健康,它能使之间的差别,充实的生活与空虚的生活。,Historically,workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment.Andinourowndayweareusedtohearingthetraditionalcomplaints:Icantwaitformyvacation,IwishIcouldstayhometoday,Mybosstreatsmepoorly,Ivegottoomuchworktodoandnotenoughtimetodoit.Againstthisbackground,itmaywellcomeasasurprisetolearnthatnotonlypsychologistsbutotherbehavioralscientistshavecometoacceptthepositivecontributionofworktotheindividualshappinessandsenseofpersonalachievement.Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.,历史上,工作一直同奴役、罪孽和相关的惩罚。和在我们这个时代,我们常听传统的抱怨:“我不能等待我的假期”,“我希望我今天能留在家里”、“我的老板来对待我的不好,”“我有太多的工作要做,没有足够的时间来做这件事。”在此背景下,它很可能会带来惊喜去学习,不仅心理学家,但其它行为科学家已经开始接受所起的积极作用,工作适合于个人的幸福和种个人成就感。工作不仅仅是一种需要对大多数人来说,它还是人们生活的焦点,是他们的个性和创造性的源泉。,Ratherthanapunishmentoraburden,workistheopportunitytorealizeonespotential.Manypsychiatristsheadingmentalhealthclinicshaveobserveditshealingeffect.Agoodmanypatientswhofeeldepressedinclinicsgainrenewedself-confidencewhengainfullyemployedandlosesome,ifnotall,oftheirmostacutesymptoms.Increasingly,institutionsdealingwithmentalhealthproblemsareestablishingworkshopswhereinthosetoosicktogetajobinoutsideindustrycanwork,whileeveryeffortisexertedtoarrangerealjobsforthosewellenoughtoworkoutside.,不是惩罚或负担,工作是实现个人潜力的机会。许多精神病医生航向心理健康诊所观察其治疗效果。一个好的许多患者在门诊感到抑郁找回自信,当高薪聘用和失去一些,如果不是全部,他的最严重的症状。越来越多的的心理健康问题研究机构正在建立工作坊在那些病得找份工作在“外部”产业中可以在其中工作,同时产生的努力都是安排“真正的”工作得还不够好,为那些在外面工作的人。,Andthereverseistrue,too.Forlargenumbersofpeople,theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth.RetirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingtheWhatdoIdowithmyself?question,eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialcares.Largenumbersofpeopleregularlygetheadachesandotherillnessesonweekendswhentheydonthavetheirjobstogoto,andmustfendforthemselves.Ithasbeenobservedthatunemployment,quiteasidefromexertingfinancialpressures,bringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless.,和事实正相反,太。因为大批的人,由于缺乏工作是对他们的健康有害。退休常常带来许多问题,围绕着“我怎么处理自己?”的问题,即使没有经济方面的忧虑。大批的人经常头痛和其他疾病在周末时,他们根本没有工作可干,并且必须自我保护。它已被观察到,失业,相当除了发挥财政压力,带来巨大的心理问题,许多人失业后迅速地恶化。,Butwhy?Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction?Agoodshareoftheanswerrestsinthekindofpridethatisstimulatedbythejob,bytheactivityofaccomplishing.,但是为什么呢?为什么工作竟是人类满足感如此重要的源泉呢?答案的重要部分就在于一种自豪感能引发的工作,完成的活动。,PrideinAccomplishmentThehumanbeinglongsforasenseofbeingaccomplished,ofbeingabletodothings,withhishand,withhismind,withhiswill.Eachofuswantstofeelheorshehastheabilitytodosomethingthatismeaningfulandthatservesasatributetoourinherentabilities.,自豪的成就人类总是渴望一种被完成时,他们能做的事情,用他的手,用他的头脑,用他的意志。我们每个人都希望感到自己有能力做些有意义的事,作为献给我们内在能力,Itiseasiesttoseethisinthecraftsmanwholovinglyshapessomecheapmaterialintoanobjectthatmaybeeitherusefulorbeautifulorboth.Youcanseethecarpenterorbricklayerstandasideandadmiretheproductofhispersonalskill.,它是最容易看到这在工匠他们会钟爱形状些便宜的材料加工成一个对象,可以是有用的或美或两者兼而有之。你可以看到木匠或泥瓦匠站开,欣赏他的个人技能的产物。,Butevenwherethereisnoobviousendproductthatissolelyattributabletoonepersonsskill,researchershavefoundthatemployeesfindprideinaccomplishment.Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggeststhateventhehouskeepingandlaundrystaffstakeprideinthefactthatintheirownwaystheyarehelpingtocuresickpeople-andthusaccomplishinggooddeal.,即使没有明显的最终产品是仅仅归结于一个人的技能,研究者们发现,员工中获得自豪感。我们自己在医院的研究表明,即使是分别负责两个和洗衣的职工,也自豪地感到自己在这一事实,以自己的方式帮助病人痊愈从而完成好交易。,Wereoftenmisledbythecomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork;deepdownmostpeopleregardtheirwoncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality.ComplainingisjustpartofworkingAfterall,howelsedoyouknowwhoyouare,exceptasyoucandemonstratetheabilityofyourmindtocontrolyoulimbsadhandsandwords?Youare,insignificantmeasure,whatyoucando.,我们常常来误导的抱怨周围困难的工作,在内心深处,大多数人认为他们赢得了克服困难工作的能力的标志他们自己独特的个性。发牢骚正是工作的一部分,毕竟,你怎么能知道你是谁,除非你能证明你的头脑的能力来控制你的四肢广告手和语言吗?你是在很重要的程度上,你可以做些什么。,Somearedeceivedintothinkingthatpeopleliketostoreupenergy,torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible.Justtheopposite.Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying.,有些人误认为人们喜欢积蓄精力,喜欢休息,喜欢尽可能褒扬自己。恰恰相反。恰恰是体能的消耗带来了满足感。,Justwatchanemployeewhomustdealwithcountlessotherpeoplebecausehisorherjobisatsomecentralpointinacommunicationsnetwork:asalesmanatabusycounter,astockbrokeronthephone,acustomerrepresentative.Theywilltellyouhowmuchskillandexperienceittakestoanswercountlessquestionsandhandlevariouskindsofpersonalitieseveryhouroftheday.Noteveryonecaninteractwithsuchpersistenceandoverlonghours,butthosewhodo,pridethemselvesonadistinctiveabilitythatcontributesmightilytotherunningoftheorganization.,只是看这样一位雇员,必须与数不清的人打交道,因为他或她的工作是在某个焦点:在通讯网络,比如繁忙的柜台后的售货员,接听电话的证券经纪人或客户代理商。他们会告诉你,这需要多少技巧和经验来回答数不清的问题、接待各种个性一天中的每一小时。并不是所有的人都可以长期如此有耐心地从事这项工作,但那些做到的人,骄傲对自己的这一特殊能力作出了巨大贡献为整个机构的运作。,Butworkismorethanaccomplishmentandprideinbeingabletocommandthejob,becauseexceptforafewcraftsmenandartistsmostworktakesplaceoutintheworld,withanthroughotherpeople.,不过,工作不仅仅意味着成就和能驾驭的自豪感的工作,因为除了少数的工匠和艺术家外,大部分的工作发生“在外面的世界里”的通过他人。,EspritdecorpsPerhaspsanexamplewillmakethepoint:,战友也许这个例子会使关键点,Irememberviewingahalfdozenmeinachairfactorywhosejobitwastobendseveralpiecesofsteelandattachthemsothatafoldingchairwouldresult.Whilethereweretenortwelveoftheseteamsthatworkedtogether,oneinparticularwasknownforitsperfectcoordinationandlightning-likeefforts.Themenknewtheyweregood.Theywouldworkspurtsfortwentyorthirtyminutesbeforetakingabreak-toshowthemselves,bystandersandothergroupswhatitwastobesuperblyskilledandself-controlled,tobethebestinthefactory.,我记得我看一半打在一张椅子工厂他们的工作就是将几根钢管弯曲并附上他们,这样一个折椅。虽然有十只或者十二只”,这些“团队一起工作过,有一个特殊因素以其完美的协调和lightning-like方面所做的努力。男人知道他们是好的。他们将工作了20或30分钟喷涂之前休息一段时间来显示他们的旁观者和其他团体,其本来面目,被巧妙地熟练和自控,是世界上最好的工厂。,WhenItalkedwiththem,eachexpressedenormousprideinbeingapartofthefastest,bestteam.Andthissenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupisoneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworldofwork.,当我同他们交谈时,每个感到极大的自豪感最快的一个部分,最好的球队。和这个意义上的成功团队属于一个特殊的令人满意之处之一是世界的工作。,Onefurtherwordaboutworkgroupsatisfactions.Unlikemayotheraspectsoflife,relationshipsamongpeopleatworktendtobesimpler,lesscomplicated,somewhatlessemotional.Thisisnottosaytherearentargumentsandjealousies,but,onthewhole,behavioralresearchdisclosesthathumanrelationsatworkarejusteasier,perhapsbecausetheyaremoreregularandpredictableandthussimplertoadjusttothanthesporadic,themoreintenseandlessregularrelationshipsinthecommunity.Andtheworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearnhowtoadjusttooneanothersothattheroughedgesareworkedoffbecausepeopleknowtheymustdocertainthingswithandthroughoneanothereachday.,另一种进一步谈一下有关工作小组的满足感。也许生活其他方面的不同,工作中的人际关系往往会更简单、不那么复杂、少一些感情色彩。这并不是说没有争论与嫉妒,但是,总的来说,行为科学研究提示,工作中人与人之间在工作更简单,也许是因为他们更有规律并可预见,因而也容易适应零星的,更紧张,而且也较少有规律的人际关系,在社区。而团队也对一些压力,其成员学会相互适应,这样的“棱角”,因为他们知道是清做某些事他们必须与他人协作并通过相互的每一天。,Beyondtheteamandtheworkgroup,thereistheorganization,whetheritbecompanyorhospitaloruniversity.Thesameprideinbeingpartofawell-coordinated,successfulunitisderivedfrombeingpartofalargercollectivity.Workingforacompanythatisthoughofasbeingpartofthebestinthecommunitycanprovideemployeeswithbothstatusandself-confidence.Theyassume,usuallywithgoodreason,thatothersregardthemmorehighly,evenenvythem,andthattheyaremorecompetentthantheaveragebecauseofthisassociationwithawinner,aprestigiousinstitution.Weintruthbaskinthereflectedgloryoftheinstitution,andweseekwaysofassertingourmembershipsothatotherswillknowandcanrecognizeourgoodfortune.,在团队和工作小组之上还有一个机构,无论它是一个公司、医院或大学。同样的自豪感在一个协作良好的一部分,成功的单位是源自较大的集体的一员。工作公司,目前虽然作为社区里最好的工作会给雇员带来一种地位和自信心。他们通常不无道理地认为,别人才更加看重他们,甚至羡慕他们,他们才比常人更有因为这个协会和一个“胜利者”,一个有威望的机构。我们确实是沐浴在由机构反射出来的荣誉中,而我们寻求想方设法维护自己的成员,这样其他人将会对能认识到我们的好运气。,contentmentn.happiness;satisfaction满足civilizationn.文明,NewWords,intangiblea.thatcannotbetouchedorgrasped触摸不到的cruciala.decisive;critical决定性的，关键的pschologicala.ofthesoulormind心理的,sinn.behaviorthatisagainsttheprinciplesofmorality;animmoralact罪孽punishmentn.punishingorbeingpunished惩罚,hecourseofhistory,inaccordancewithorinrespecttohistoryassociatevt.connectorbringtogetherinonesmind联想slaveryn.thesystemofhavingslaves;theconditionofbeingaslave奴隶制度;奴隶身份,complaintplaining;astatementexpressingunhappiness,pain,dissatisfaction抱怨behaviorala.oforhavingtodowithbehavior行为的contributionn.actofcontributing;sth.contributednecessityn.sth.thatisnecessary;theconditionofbeingnecessary,neededorunavoidable必需品;必要性,focusn.thecentralpoint;centreofinterest焦点creativityn.theabilitytoproducenewandorignalideasandthings;inventiveness创造性clinicn.buildingorpartofahospitalwheredoctorsgivespecializedmedicaltreatmentandadvice;amedicalinstitutionforspecialpurposes诊所,healv.(causeto)becomehealthy治愈，愈合，痊愈depresseda.sad;lowinspirits精神抑郁的，情绪沮丧的depressvt.makesad,lowinspiritsrenewvt.reestablish;givenewlifeandfreshnessto使更新fitably,acutea.severe;strong严重的，急性的symptoma.achangeinthebodysconditionthatindicatesillness症状institutionn.asociety,club,collegeoranyorganizationestablishedforsomepublicorsocialpurpose公共机构workshopn.aroomofbuildingwhichcontainstoolsormachineryformakingorrepairingthings车间，工场,whereinconj.inwhichexertvt.use(strength,skill,etc.)尽力reversen.theopposite;theotherwayround,theback相反，背面,vide(for)供养;照料unemploymentn.thestateofbeingunemployedsignificanta.ofnoticeableimportanceoreffect重大的,significancen.satisfactionn.bestateofbeingsatisfied满足satisfactorya.accomplisheda.skilled,expert有才艺的;有造诣的tributen.materialevidenceofonesworth,virtue,etc.inherenta.existingasanaturalandpermanentpartorqualityof内在的，生来的craftsmann.ahighlyskilledworkman手艺人，(名)工匠,bicklayern.aworkmanwhobuildswithbricksattributablea.thatcanbeattributed可归因