高考-概要写作

概要写作Summarywriting,高考新题型,Whatisagoodsummary?,概要写作评分标准第五档（2125points）：1.理解准确，涵盖所有要点2.准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇3.完全使用自己的语言。(60-80W)4.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使概要结构紧凑,contents(内容),languageskills(语言),structure(结构),Onceuponatime,industrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Ifyouboughtacarorastove,itwasaonce-in-a-lifetimeinvestment.Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,andyoutookcareofit.Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldntlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearthsresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!Ourindustrialsocietyhasturnedusintospoiledchildren.Thiswastefulnesshasgotusintothegreattroubleweareinnow.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,thenwewillstarttotakecareofwhatwehave.Butwhycantweactbeforethishappens?Whycantwetrytobuildasocietyinwhichthepreventionofwasteisavirtue?（182W）,Step1.Understandthewholepassageandgraspthekeypoints.,Onceuponatime,industrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Ifyouboughtacarorastove,itwasaonce-in-a-lifetimeinvestment.Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,andyoutookcareofit.Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldntlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearthsresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!Ourindustrialsocietyhasturnedusintospoiledchildren.Thiswastefulnesshasgotusintothegreattroubleweareinnow.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,thenwewillstarttotakecareofwhatwehave.Butwhycantweactbeforethishappens?Whycantwetrytobuildasocietyinwhichthepreventionofwasteisavirtue?,概要写作难点1,Howtogetthekeypointsquicklyandcorrectly?(如何快速、准确地捕捉要点),抓住主题句或关键信息，忽略次要信息,Para1：,Onceuponatime,industrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Ifyouboughtacarorastove,itwasaonce-in-a-lifetimeinvestment.Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,andyoutookcareofit.,detailedexample,忽略具体事例,topicsentence,概要写作难点2,Howtoexpressthekeypointsbyusingyourownwordsproperly?(如何灵活诠释，规避抄袭的嫌疑),characteristics,Onceuponatime,industrialgoodsweremadetolastforever._,industrialgoodsweremade_.,Sometimeago;Inthepast;Decadesago,tobeusedforalongtimetofunctionwellforalongtime;durable,近义词替换,Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,andyoutookcareofit.,Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurable.,spentmuchmoneyon,treasure,treatitkindly,Youspentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.,Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurableYouspentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.,Para1.,useitcarefully,Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldntlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearthsresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!,topicsentence,detailedexamples,characteristics,result,忽略具体事例,Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldntlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearthsresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!,1.Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldntlastalongtime.2.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.3.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearthsresources.,ModernIndustry,madeusbelieve,convinced,notpermanent,Modernindustryhasconvincedusthatproductsarenotpermanent.,short-lived,近义词替换,2.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem.Itismoreexpensivetorepairthemthantothrowthemaway.,改变主语（形式主语）,正话反说、反话正说,Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearthsresources.,whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearthsresources.,改变句式,resultin,Modernindustryhasconvincedusthatproductsarenotpermanent.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem,whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearthsresources.,Para2.,Para3：,提炼相关信息,Ourindustrialsocietyhasturnedusintospoiledchildren.Thiswastefulnesshasgotusintothegreattroubleweareinnow.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,thenwewillstarttotakecareofwhatwehave.Butwhycantweactbeforethishappens?Whycantwetrytobuildasocietyinwhichthepreventionofwasteisavirtue?,过渡句,Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeitstoolate,Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.,Wearerunningoutofresourcesandweneedtotakeaction.,Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresourcesandweneedtotakeaction.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeitstoolate.,Para3.,Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresources.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeitstoolate.,Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurable.Wespentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Modernindustryhasconvincedusthatproductsarenotpermanent.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem,whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearthsresources.Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresources.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeitstoolate.(71W),Polishyourwriting,有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使概要结构紧凑,1921分,However,Therefore,Step1：Step2:Step3:Step4:,读懂文章大意,抓住主题句或关键信息，忽略次要信息,Howtowriteagoodsummary?,Conclusion,灵活运用语言，对关键信息进行改编,添加有效连接成分，使概要结构紧凑,Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives（添加剂）causedcancer.Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings（包装）offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.（201W）,Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives（添加剂）causedcancer.,Para1：,(1.)Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.(2.)Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.(3.)Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.,1.Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.,2.Althoughsciencehasgreatlyimprovedthequalityofourfoods,somearestillunsafetoeat.,(3.)Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.,3.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.,Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.Althoughsciencehasgreatlyimprovethequalityofourfoods,somearestillunsafetoeat.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.,Para1：,Para2：,Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings(包装)offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.,(1.)Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappingsoffoodsarehelpfulorharmful.(2.)Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.(3.)Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.,1.Wecanhardlytellwhethertheadditivesinourfoodareharmfulornot.,2.Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.,(3.)Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.,3.Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.,Wecanhardlytellwhethertheadditivesinourfoodareharmfulornot.Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.,Para2：,Para3：,Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.,Somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestostopsuchthings,butinvain.,Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.Althoughsciencehasgreatlyimprovedthequalityofourfoods,somearestillunsafetoeat.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.Wecanhardlytellwhethertheadditivesinourfoodareharmfulornot.Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.Somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestostopsuchthings,butinvain.(77W),it,有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使概要结构紧凑,because,Weightlossismostlikelytobesuccessfulwhenpeoplechangetheirhabits.Hereareseveralwaystomakethathappen.Regularphysicalactivityburnscaloriesandbuildsmuscles-bothofwhichhelpyoulookandfeelgoodandkeepweightoff.Walkingthefamilydog,cyclingtoschool,anddoingotherthingsthatincreaseyourdailylevelofactivitycanallmakeadifference.Onereasonpeoplegetlessexercisethesedaysisbecauseofanincreasein“screentime”-theamountoftimespentwatchingTV,lookingatthecomputer,orplayingvideogames.Limitrecreationalscreentimetolessthan2hoursperday.Whenyoureallygetawayfrom“screens”,suchasTV,computers,IPadormobilephones,youwillreallybenefitalot.Portionsizesarebiggerthantheyusedtobe,andtheseextracaloriescontributetoobesity.Anotherkeyfactorinweightgainisthatmorepeopledrinksugarydrinks,suchassodas,juicedrinks,andsportsdrinks.Sochoosesmallerportions(orsharerestaurantportions)andgoforwaterorlow-fatmildinsteadofsoda.Peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenfeelsohungrythattheyeatmorelateron.Sotheygetmorecaloriesthantheywouldhaveiftheyatebreakfast.Infact,peoplewhoskipbreakfasttendtohavehigherBIMsthanpeoplewhoeatbreakfast.Ifyoureallyputtheaboveintopracticeatonce,youwilldefinitelyreduceyourweightgradually.Andwishyouhaveagoodfigure.,Weightlossismostlikelytobesuccessfulwhenpeoplechangetheirhabits.Hereareseveralwaystomakethathappen.Regularphysicalactivityburnscaloriesandbuildsmuscles-bothofwhichhelpyoulookandfeelgoodandkeepweightoff.Walkingthefamilydog,cyclingtoschool,anddoingotherthingsthatincreaseyourdailylevelofactivitycanallmakeadifference.,Changingsomehabitsmaybeagoodwaytoloseweight.,Ifpeoplechangetheirhabits,theywillsurelysucceedinlosingweight.,Whetherpeoplecanloseweightornotdependsontheirlivinghabits.,Takingmorephysicalexercisewillmakemuchdifferencetopeopleshealth.,Increasingtheamountofregularexercisewillbenefitpeoplealot.,Onereasonpeoplegetlessexercisethesedaysisbecauseofanincreasein“screentime”-theamountoftimespentwatchingTV,lookingatthecomputer,orplayingvideogames.Limitrecreationalscreentimetolessthan2hoursperday.Whenyoureallygetawayfrom“screens”,suchasTV,computers,IPadormobilephones,youwillreallybenefitalot.Portionsizesarebiggerthantheyusedtobe,andtheseextracaloriescontributetoobesity.Anotherkeyfactorinweightgainisthatmorepeopledrinksugarybeverages,suchassodas,juicedrinks,andsportsdrinks.Sochoosesmallerportions(orsharerestaurantportions)andgoforwaterorlow-fatmilkinsteadofsoda.,Itisnecessarytolimit“screentime”ifpeoplewanttoloseweight.,Wearesupposedtoreduce“screentime”.,Stickingtosmallerportionsandavoidingsugarydrinkscontributetoweightloss.,Watchingoutforportionsizesanddrinkingwaterinsteadofsugarydrinksarealsoakeytoweightloss.,Peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenfeelsohungrythattheyeatmorelateron.Sotheygetmorecaloriesthantheywouldhaveiftheyatebreakfast.Infact,peoplewhoskipbreakfasttendtohavehigherBIMsthanpeoplewhoeatbreakfast.Ifyoureallyputtheaboveintopracticeatonce,youwilldefinitelyreduceyourweightgradually.Andwishyouhaveagoodfigure.,Peopleshouldavoidskippingbreakfast.,Skippingbreakfastisactuallynotawisewaytoloseweight.,Peoplewillhaveagoodfigureiftheytaketheabovesuggestions.,Changingsomehabitsmaybeagoodwaytoloseweight.Takingmorephysicalexercisewillmakemuchdifferencetopeopleshealth.Wearesupposedtoreduce“screentime”.Stickingtosmallerportionsandavoidingsugarydrinkscontributetoweightloss.Peopleshouldavoidskippingbreakfast.Peoplewillhaveagoodfigureiftheytaketheabovesuggestions.(58W),First,Meanwhile,Besides,Finally,Ratseatourfoodormakeitsodirtythatitisntfitforpeopleatall.Thatswhypeopleoftenkillthembylayingdownpoison.Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.Theratshaventtouchedit,eventhoughitisnearthefoodwhichtheyeat.Peoplethinktheymustbecleverandcunning.Somescientistshavebeentryingtofindthebestwaytopoisonrats.Theyhavewatchedtoseejustwhataratdoesdayandnight.Theyhavefoundoutthatratsarentsoclever.Theyarejustveryshy.Ratsusuallyliveinholes.Theyrunfromtheseholestotheplaceswheretheyeatanddrink.Theyhavespecialpathsonwhichtheytraveleachtime.Sotheyknowtheirpathsquitewell.Ifanythingnew,suchasstoneorwood,isputinthepath,theratswontgonearitatfirstastheyaretoofrightened.Itwilltakethemmanydaystogetoverthefear.Theyarealsofrightenedtogonearaplacethattheyknow,wheresomethinghasbeentakenaway.Ifapathgoesaroundarock,theratsfollowthesamepatharoundtherockeachtime.Iftherockistakenaway,theywillstillrunroundtheplacewheretherockwas!Theywontcrosstheemptyplace,whichisnowopentothem,eventhoughitwouldbequicker.Ratswillalwayskeepawayfromanythingunusualtothem.Thatswhytheywonteatpoisononthefirstorsecondnight.Theyusuallywontgoanywherenearitforaboutfourdaysuntiltheygetusedtobeingthere.Eventhentheyonlyeatalittleatatime.Ifpeoplewanttokillratswithpoison,alltheyhavetodoistoleaveitoutforafewdays.Oncetheratshavegotusedtoit,theywilleatitanddie.（331W）,(1).Ratseatourfoodormakeitsodirtythatitisntfitforpeopleatall.(2).Thatswhypeopleoftenkillthembylayingdownpoison.(3).Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.(4).Theratshaventtouchedit,eventhoughitisnearthefoodwhichtheyeat.(5).Peoplethinktheymustbecleverandcunning.(6).Somescientistshavebeentryingtofindthebestwaytopoisonrats.(7).Theyhavewatchedtoseejustwhataratdoesdayandnight.(8).Theyhavefoundoutthatratsarentsoclever.(9).Theyarejustveryshy.,Para1：,(3).Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.(5).Peoplethinktheymustbecleverandcunning.(9).Theyarejustveryshy.,Itisgenerallyconsideredthatratsaresma