定语从句PPT精选文档

2,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk.,定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasdrunk.,3,关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sister普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.关系代词：（如上例who/which）,1.代替先行词;2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）,Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。,Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词定语从句,which/that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。,5,关系词判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,6,最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间),thetallthestrongtheclever,boy,TheboyisTom.,TheboywhoistallisTom.,TheboywhoisstrongisTom,TheboywhoiscleverisTom,TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.,TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.,TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语),TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.,TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.,TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.,Theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语),Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.,Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.,Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.,11,关系代词,3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。,Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.,Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.,CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?,Canyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?,4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.(做主语不能省略）,TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.,Isthisthelibrary(which/that)youborrowbooksfrom?（做宾语可以省略）,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,15,1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.,2)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.TheroomwhereIliveisverybig.,注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat,关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),16,定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行词是something,nothing,anything等不定代词时Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.,17,3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行词是oneof,theone,或用little,much,few,no,all,some,any,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast作修饰时Isittheonethatyouwant?IhaventgotmuchthatIcanofferyou.5.当主句已有疑问词who或which时，用thatWhoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?,18,注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用who,不用that1).先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.,19,关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。,where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。,1.Thehotelwasntclean.+Westayedatthehotel.,Thehotelwherewestayedwasntclean.Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasntclean.Thehotel(which)westayedatwasntclean.,20,2.Illneverforgettheday.IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.Illneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,Thescientistwemetyesterdayisverywhofamousintheworld.whomthat,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.which,(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.,(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.,HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwhowith.whom,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,23,单项选择。1.Thisisthejob_theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark_builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman_atyesterdaysmeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseen4.Theman_ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.heB.whomC.whoseD.who5.Whatistheanimal_babyissleepinginitspocket?A.whoB.whoseC.itsD.which,A,C,B,D,B,24,6.Thisbookisforthestudents_nativelanguageisntEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whoseD.whos7.Therobbersshouted,“Handsup!Illshootanyone_moves!”A.whomB.thatC.whoD.whose8.Thedictionary_hepaid50yuanforisveryuseful.A.whichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.aboutwhich9Theboy_parentsdiedtwoyearsagoliveswithhisgrandpanow.A.whoseB.whoC.hisD./10.Theman_issmokingisabusdriver.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.what,C,C,A,A,B,25,根据汉语完成句子：1.Thisistheengineer_(给我们作关于计算机报告的)theotherday.2.Mynecklaceisnot_.(唯一不见的东西).3.Theman_(在这间房子里工作的)isanEnglishteacher.4.Theoldbuilding_(我们住的)hasbeenherefor30years.5.Thehistorybook_(封皮是黄的）waslost.,whogaveusatalkaboutcomputers,theonlythingthatsmissing,whoworksintheroom,(that/which)welivein,whosecoverisyellow,26,根据汉语完成句子：6.Hereisthepen_.(你昨天丢失的）7.Thisisthebestbook_.(我读过的）8.Ihavelostthepen_.（我父亲给我买的）9.Wheatisap