高三英语语法复习状语从句(课堂PPT)

1,状语从句,2,一个_在复合句中用作状语时,在语法上叫状语从句。从句由_或_引导。分类：状语从句可表示1)_2)_3)_4)_5)_6)_7)_8)_9)_等,句子,概念,时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,行为方式,比较,让步,名词词组,连词,3,一.引导时间状语从句,1.when,while,as,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas，,2.everytime,next/last/eachtime,thefirsttime,themoment,theminute,theinstant,3.hardlywhen,nosoonerthan,scarcelywhen,其中when,till,until,before,after,assoonas,themoment等引导时，如果主句的时态是一般将来时，则从句的时态用一般现在时。,4,when,while,as_weweretalking,MrSmithscamein._theycamehome,Iwascookingdinner.Iwasabouttogotobed_Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.4._wewerewatchingTV,hewasstudying.5.Heisfat_hisbrotheristhin.6._shesang,tearsrandownherface.Conclusion:A:从句为”当的时候”,从句谓语为延续性动词,主句谓语为非延续性动词(即终止性动词),三者可通用.B当从句的谓语动词为终止性动词,只能用when;表示”正在那时”,也只能用when.C.从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时,只能用while;while还可作并列连词,表示”而”.D.当强调主句和从句的动作同时发生时,只能用as,译为”一边一边;随着”,While/As/When,When,when,While,while,As,5,before,after,since,Hehadleftthetowntheday_shearrived.Itwasnotlong_helefthishometown.Iplayedfootball_I(had)finishedmyhomeworkPleasetellherIllcome_Idosomeshopping.Itwillnotbelong_wemeateachotheragain.I_(be)athisbedsidesincehe_(become)ill.It_(be)twoyearssincewe_(begin)tousethismachine.,before,after,Conclusion:,1.before引导的从句是过去式,主句是过去时或过去完成时;.主句为过去时,after从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时.since从句用过去时态,主句一般用现在完成时.,Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句“自从已经”Itwas/wontbe+一段时间+before从句“过了才.”,before,before,after,havebeen,became,is/hasbeen,began,6,till与until:,1.Helivedwithhisparents_hegraduatedfromcollege.2.Not_hetoldmedidIknowthetruth.3.Thechildren_(willcome)homeuntil/tillitsdark.4.Itwas_thewarwasoverthathereturnedtohisland.,till/until,until,wontcome,notuntil,Conclusion:,1.位于句首时.只能用until,不用till.,2.notuntil可改写为:Itis/wasnotuntilthat强调句.3.notuntil放在句首，主句谓语要部分倒装。,7,一就,ill.,_hesawthemonster,heturnedpale.Thespyhad_returnedhomethanhewastoldtogotoanothercountry.Wehad_returnedhomewhenitrained._hadwebegunwhenwetoldtostop.,Themoment/minute/Assoonas,nosooner,hardly/scarcely,Hardly/Scarcely,Conclusion:,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan,scarcelywhen引导，从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。否定词hardly,scarely和nosooner位于句首时，从句要部分倒装。,8,二.地点状语从句:,where,anywhere,everywhere.,Youwouldletyourchildrenplaywhereyoucanseethem.,9,because,as,since,for,三.原因状语从句:,Conclusion:,because语气最强，强调原因，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。回答“why”的提问。since表示“既然”，语气较弱；强调结果，只可以放在句首。as语气最弱，强调结果，只可以放在句首。for表示通过逻辑推断得出的原因。,10,用because,as,since与for填空:,-Whyareyoucrying,meg?-_Ivebrokenyournecklace,mom.2.Iwenttobedearly_Iwastired.3.Iwasnotkindtohim_hewasrude.4._Ihadacold,Iwasabsentfromschool.5.MymotherwasillandIsentforTom,_hewasadoctor.6._weareallhere,letsbeginourclass.,because,because,because,As,for,Since,11,Conclusion:,条件状语从句中一般用“主将从现”.虚拟语气在If引导的条件状语从句的使用：,四.条件状语从句:,if,unless,once,as/solongas（只要）,sofaras(据我所知),12,IfI_(be)abird,Iwouldflytoyou.Ifyou_(leave)homealittleearlierthismorning,you_(catch)thebus._badweatherstopsme,Ijogeveryday._IarriveatBeijing,Illcallyou.Illgo_yougo._anythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.,were,hadleft,wouldhavecaught,Unless,Once,as/solongas,If,13,五、让步状语从句,Hewentout,_itwasraining._theyarepoor,theybuyagreatmanybooks.Child_heis,hehaslearntadvancedmathematics._heisachild,hehaslearntadvancedmathematics.Nomatter_happens,dontbediscouraged.Nomatter_yougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.Nomatter_hardhetried,hecouldntopenthedoor.Nomatter_youmarryinthefuture,hemustbeanhonestman.,though/although,Although,as,what,where,how,who,though,although,evenif/though,nomatter,whatever,however,whetheror,as,Evenif,14,Conclusion:,Although多用于句首.as引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管、虽然”。但从句要倒装。句型为：adj./adv./单数n.(不加冠词)+as+主语+谓语Youngassheis,shecanhelphermother.Fastasheruns,heisthelastone.,15,六、目的与结果状语从句,Hegotupearly_hecouldcatchthebus._hecouldcatchthebus,hegotupearly.Iwascaughtinashower,_allmyclothesgotwet.Its_cold_thelakehasfrozen.Thereare_manybooksthere_Idontknowwhichonetoborrow.Its_goodabook_Ivereaditagainandagain.Itwas_acoldday_therewasnobodyonthestreet._coldweatherremainedforthreedays_Ihadtostayathomealldaylong.,inorderthat/sothat,Inorderthat,sothat,so,that,so,that,so,that,that,such,Such,that,sothat,inorderthat,so（that）,sothat,suchthat.,16,由sothat;inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中通常用may,could,can等情态动词.Inorderthat从句可放于句首,而sothat引导的从句只能放在主句之后.3.sothat引导结果状语从句时,so常用于修饰形容词或副词,或用于修饰many,much,little,few.语序为:so+adj./adv.so+adj.+a/an+n.4.such可修饰任何名词,当其修饰单数可数名词时,语序为:such+a/an+(adj.)+n.,Conclusion:,17,七、比较状语从句:,Hisbrotheris_handsome_he(is).Themoviewasnot_good_Ihadexpected.Yourbagistwiceasexpensiveas_(me).Thedriverdrivesfaster_heusedto(drive)._knowledgewelearn,_(happy)wewillbe.,Conclusion:,1.请保持人称代词的格前后一致.如:1,3.2.倍数词须加在比较结构的前面.如:3.3.句中相同的成分,如动词,常常省去.如:1,4.,as,as,so/,as,as,mine,than,Themore,thehappier,as,than,asas,notso/asas,the+比较级the+比较级,18,八、方式状语从句:,Hestoodup_(hewanted)toleave.Shealwaystalkstomeasifshe_(be)mysister.Hewalkedslowlyasifhe_(hurt)hisleg.,asif,were,hadhurt,Conclusion:,asif从句里的主语与动词如和主句一致有时可省略.asif从句叙述的情况如果与事实相符合,从句不用虚拟语气,从句时态与主句保持一致.asif从句叙述的情况如与事实不相符合,则从句用虚拟语气.与一般现在事实不符合：谓语动词were/did与过去事实不符合：谓语动词haddone,as（像，如),asif/though(仿佛、似乎),justas（就像）,19,改错:,Shewaswalkingonthestreetwhiletheaccidenthappened._2.IwillcallyouassoonasIwillfinishmyhomework._3.AfterthequeenknowsitisIthathelpyourunaway,shewillkillme._4.Ihavefinishedthecompositionwhenthebellrang._,_,while-when,will,AfterOnce,have-had,Conclusion:,4.主句从句时态本该一致而不一致.,1.连词的错用.,2.时间与条件状语从句中的将来时用一般现在时。,3.连词的错用,20,高中英语常见的特殊形式的连词,高中英语中有一些连词，它们在形式上是副词、名词词组或分词(有的是现在分词形式，有的是过去分词形式)，却常常起连词作用，引导状语从句。我们可以把它分成下列几类：,21,一、副词形式起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，如directly,immediately,instantly等，意思为“一就”，once“一旦”。如：Icameimmediatelyyoucallme.你一打电话我就来了。Directlyhesaidthesewords,therewasadeadsilence.他刚说完这句话，大家就立即沉默下来。Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.你一按电钮机器就会开动。,22,二、名词词组形式起连词作用，意思为“一就”，引导时间状语从句，如thefirsttime,themoment,thesecond,theminute,every