简单句五种基本句型PPT精选文档

英语简单句五种基本句型,2,句子成分,主语（subject）：一句话的中心Mysisterisanurse.Herroomisonthesecondfloor.谓语（predicate）：是主语的主要情况，可表示动作、状态Sheworksinahospital.SheknowsalittleEnglish.宾语（object）：表示动作的承受者或动作的结果Everybodyknowsher.Sheiswritingaletternow.表语（predicative）:和系动词一起构成谓语Sheisakindgirl.,3,定语（attribute）：修饰名词、代词等Herhospitalisntverybig.Buteveryoneinthehospitalworkshard.状语（adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词或副词Shegoestoworkveryearly.Shefeelsveryhappy.,4,句子可以由主语，谓语动词，表语，宾语，定语，状语，直接和间接宾语，宾语补足语组成归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,5,基本句型一：+（主谓/不及物动词）Everybodysmiled.Thesunisrising.基本句型二：+（主谓/及物动词宾）Heknowseverything.Ilikeher.基本句型三：+（主谓/系动词表）Theboylookshealthy.基本句型四:+InO+D(主谓/双宾动词间宾直宾）Ishowedhimmypassport.基本句型五:+O（主谓/及物动词宾宾补）Whatmadeyouangry?,6,各种词类及其在句子中的作用：1.Nouns(n.)名词：-主语(S)，宾语(O)，表语(P)等2.Verbs(v.)动词-谓语(V)（vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词）3.Pronouns（pron.)代词：-主语，宾语，表语等e.g.Katehasapiano.Shelikesitverymuch.,_S,_V,_O,_S,_V,_O,7,4.Adjectives(adj.)形容词：-定语(At.)表语（P）e.g.Theflowerisverybeautiful.Thisisaverybeautifulflower.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词：-状语（Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)数词：-定语，表语，主语等e.g.25(desks)_(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠词：一般不单独构成句子成分,(At.),(P),are,8,8.Prepositions(prep.)介词（in,at,on,)prep.+n.介词短语-状语(Ad.),表语等e.g.Wecanseethebikeunderthetree.9.Conjunctions(conj.)连词(and,or,but,so)一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词(ah,oh,yeah)一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用,基本句型一(subject)+V(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.Hiswordsworks.,V,s,10,主语+不及物动词,Itssnowing.Thetrainisarriving.Theblinddonotsee.Canyouread?Itdoesntpay.MayIgo?Wewaitedandwaited.,11,主语+不及物动词+状语,Didyousleepwell?Dontdrivesofast.Sheisstudyinghardattheuniversity.Sheswimslikeafish.Sheistremblingallover.YougofirstandIwillfollowbehind.,12,主语+不及物动词+副词,Themeetingbrokeupingreatconfusion.Theenginebrokedown.Thebombblewup.Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?Theconcertcameoffwell.Saleshavebeendroppingoffbadly.,13,主语+不及物动词（有被动意思）,Thedoorblewopen.Cheesecutseasily.Shephotographswell.Thewindowwontshut.Silkstainseasily.Hereyesfilledwithtears.,基本句型二+（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.Welikethemovie.S,V,o,15,主语+及物动词+名词/代词,1.主谓宾结构Helovespoetry.Heleftschoolin1988.Theyfoundacureforcancer.WetooktheearlyflighttoAmerica.2.习惯用语（动词+名词）Dontcatchcold.Takecare!Theiceisthin.,16,主语+及物动词+反身代词,IcantexpressmyselfEnglish.NowIllintroducemyself.Shesawherselfinthemirror.Icansupportmyself.Iaskedmyselfseveralquestions.,17,主语+及物动词+不定式（作宾语）,Someoneisaskingtoseeyou.Wecantaffordtopaysuchaprice.Icantbeartoseeyoulikethis.Ididntexpecttofindyouhere.Idontwishtoleavemymother.Hepromisedtoseeherhome.,18,主语+及物动词+动名词（作宾语）,Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes?Whyhavetheydelayedopeningthenewschool?Icantimaginelyinglikethis.Ipreferstanding.Iproposerestingforhalfanhour.,19,主语+及物动词+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句,Ididntknowwheretheyhadgone.Thisshowshowmuchshesympathizedwithhim.DoyouseenowwhyIdidit?HeaskedwhenwewouldbeinLondon.Youcandiscusswhichishisbestpoem.IcantellyouwhatIhear.,基本句型三+（主系表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,remain,stand等,21,主语+系动词+形容词,Shefeltabitdizzy.Yourenotlookingverywell.Thedishsmellsgood.Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.Thingswillcomerightintheend.Hehasfallenill.Hisadviceprovedsound.,22,主语+系动词+名词/代词,Hisdreamhasatlastbecomeareality.Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.Wecanremainfriends.Heappearedafool.Itsoundsagoodidea.Theaffairrestsamystery.,23,主语+系动词+副词,Ihavebeenoutforawalk.ButIvegottobeoffnow.Illseeifheisaround.Ifheisnothere,hesaboutsomewhere.Shehadbeenawayonalongtrip.,24,主语+系动词+不定式,Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.Theiraimwastomodernizetheiragriculture.Yourjobistomakesurethattheworkisfinishedontime.Mydutyistogetyouaway,tosaveyou.,25,主语+系动词+动名词,Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Hisoccupationwasteaching.Myjobisrepairingcars.Hermaininterestisplayingtennis.,26,主语+系动词+从句,Theirfirstideawasthathehadhiddenit.Myopinionisthattheplanwontwork.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.,27,主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语,Be/系动词+形容词+介词Beafraidof/beshortof/befondof/beproudof/betiredof/beconfidentof/beworriedabout/feelconfidentof/remainignorantof/fallshortof,28,主语+系动词+形容词+不定式,Begladto/besorryto/behappyto/beanxiousto/bekeento/bereadyto/bewillingto/beafraidto/becontentto,29,主语+系动词+形容词+从句,Afraid/sorry/glad/sure/certain/confident/surprised/hopeful/proud/clear/aware(of),基本句型四+InO+D（主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为S+V+DO+prep.(to/for)+InOe.g.Shegavemeanapple.=Shegaveanappletome.,31,主语+双宾语动词+名词或代词+名词,1.动词后接to:giveshowsendbringreadpasslendleavehandtellreturnwritethrowrefusephone等Shegavemehertelephonenumber(gaveajobtome).Hehandedmetheletter(thelettertome).2.动词后接for:makebuydogetplaysingpayfindorderchoosesavecook,32,3.不能改为to或for的FinecostkisskeepmeanforgivesetTheyfinedher200dollars.,33,注意：1.如果直接宾语是人身代词宾格时，只能用加to或for的形式。Eg：Sheoftengivesittome.,2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+疑问词+todosth.(whattodo/howtodoit)Eg:Hetaughtmehowtoreadthewords.,基本句型五+O（主谓宾宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成宾语是/做e.g.Wemadehimthemonitor.S,V,O,OC,35,1.常跟复合宾语的动词有：callnamemakethinkfindleaveandsoon.Eg:Iwillmakeyoucaptain.Ifoundthefilminteresting.,2.如seewatchlookatlistentohearfeelletmakehave后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时，常省略toEg：Helistenedtotheboycry.Letmego.Theteachermadethestudentslaugh.,36,主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词（作宾补）,Hefoundhisnewjobratherboring.Hegothisclotheswet.Shedyedherhairbrown.Finallytheysethimfree.Ilikemyteaveryhot.Shepushedthedooropen.,37,主语+及物动词+宾语+名词（作补语）,TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.TheynamedthecityLondon.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.,38,主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式（作补语）,Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Dontallowyourselftoindulgeinfalsehopes.Iwishyoutobehappy.Permitmetoexplain.,典型例题分析,1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissonice.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomebooks.S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补),41,7.Herfatherlooksyoung.8.SheteachesusEnglish.9.Thechildrenarejumpingandlaughinghappily.10.Ourteacheraskedustotalkaboutthequestionsinpairs.11.Heoftentellsmesomeinterestingstories.12.Thestudentsmustkeeptheireyesclosed.,主+系+表,主+谓+间宾+直宾,主+谓,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+谓+间宾+直宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,42,1.Plantsneedwater.2.Theflowerissofresh.3.Thesunrisesintheeast.4.Hegivesmesomeflowers.5.Weshouldkeeptheroomclean.6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.,主+谓+宾,主+系+表,主+谓,主+谓+间宾+直宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+谓,43,基本句型的扩展:e.g.Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。,44,同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：Hesgetting