2020小升初英语知识点专项复习专题二 词类 冠词用法总结及练习

冠词重点知识归纳及讲解 （一）概说 1冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词： 1）定冠词the 2）不定冠词a/an 定冠词the通常读作，在元音前读作i，特别强调或单念时读作i:。 不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式，读作n；在其他情况下则使用a，读作。 2冠词的基本意义 不定冠词a/an与数词one同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。 例如： She is a nurse. 她是个护士。 He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英国人，有一个爱尔兰妻子。 定冠词the，与this同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）”。 例如： Thats the book you want. 这就是你要的那本书。 Whos the young man over there? 那边那个年轻人是谁？ 但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。 例如： Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 Shut the door, please. 请把门关上。 3特指和泛指 一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子： A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求见你。（泛指） Ask the gentleman to come in. 请那位先生进来。（特指） 在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况： 1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。 例如： She sent me a postcard 她寄给我一张明信片。 2）在可数名词复数前可不加冠词，可使用some, any这类词。 例如： These are new words. 这些是生词。 She sent me some flowers. 她送给我一些花。 3）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加some, any等。 例如： Its lovely weather. 天气真好。 Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放点糖吗？ Give us some help. 给我们一些帮助。 （二）不定冠词的基本用法 1泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”） 例如： His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。 2代表某一类人或事物，相当于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别） 例如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 3指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”） 例如： This book was written by a worker. 这本书是一位工人写的。 4表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈（一般译为“一”） 例如： Wait a moment. 等一下。 5表示单位，相当于“每”的意思 例如： We have three meals a day. 我们每日吃三餐。 6用于某此固定词组中 例如： a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。 （三）定冠词的基本用法 1特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 例如： Give me the book. 把那本书给我。 2指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 例如： Where is the doctor? 医生在哪儿？ 3再次提到上文提到过的人或事物 例如： I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我买了一本词典。词典在家里。 4用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物 例如： The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太阳小。 5用在序数词和形容词最高级前 例如： Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一节课。 Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。 6用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物 例如：The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 7与下列专有名词连用 1）在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前 例如： the Changjiang River, the Great Lake 2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人 例如： The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。 8和某些形容词连用，表示一类人 例如： the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人 9在一些习惯说法中 the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema （四）不用冠词的几种情况 1在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前 例如： Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到过上海吗？ We love science. 我们爱好科学。 2在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前 例如： Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以当科学家。 3在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前 例如： It is hot in summer. 夏天天气热。 Its Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。 Have you had breakfast? 你吃过早饭没有？ 4称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前 例如： Whats the matter with you, Mike? 怎么啦，迈克？ He is headmaster of our school. 他是我们学校的校长。 5学科和球类运动的名称前 例如： We study English. 我们学习英语。 Do you like to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗？ 6名词前已有用作定语的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代词时，不用冠词 例如： That is her bike.那是她的自行车。 Each student in his class studies hard. 这个班的每个学生都努力学习。 7在某些固定词组的名词前 例如： at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。 三、随堂监测A组 I. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示： 1. This is _ old map. It is _ useful map. 2. We have no classes in _ afternoon on _ Saturday. 3. _ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _second. 4. Beijing is _ capital of _ China. It is _ beautiful city. 5. Roman was not built in _ day. 6. Chinese is quite _ difficult language for Mike. 7. Many _ students will take _ active part in sports meet. 8. There is _ interesting picture on _ wall. 9. Jenny found _ wallet lying on _ground. _ wallet was Mr. Blacks. 10. Which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ earth? 11. - Which picture is more beautiful? - _one on _ left, I think. 12. - Which is _ way to _ hospital? - Go down this road and turn left on _ second crossing. 13. _ more, _ better. 14. _ Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 15. Joe Hill was _ fighter for _ working class. 16. When was _ Peoples Republic of China founded? 17. In China _ first English textbooks were published in _late nineteenth century. 18. After _ breakfast he went to _ school on _ foot. 19. _ Huanghe River lies in _ north of China. 20. He likes playing _ football. His sister likes playing _ piano. II. 单项选择： 1. 上学 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school 2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital 3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment 4. 在课堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class 5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth 6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet 7. 吃饭 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table 8. 乘公共汽车A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus 9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home 10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works 11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump 12. 坐飞机 A. by air B. by the air C. on air13. 乘火车 A. by the train B. by train C. on train 14. 在校学习 A. in the school B. in school C. in schools 15. 睡觉 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed 16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold 17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship 18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times 19. 事实上 A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact 21. 从早到晚A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening 四、随堂监测B组 III. 选择填空： 1. There is _ old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an 2. Shanghai is in _ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a 3. Bill is _ English teacher. He likes playing _ football. A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, / 4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus. A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, / 5. The story is _ interesting. That means it is _ interesting story. A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a 6. Lets go for _ walk, shall we? A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. This is _ interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an 8. _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school. A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the 9. They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the 10. Australia is _ English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. Dont play _ basketball here. Its dangerous. A. a B. an C. / D. the 12. This is _ apple. Its _ big apple. A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the 13. - Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just now. - Is it _ one on the chair near the door? A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 14. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some 15. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An 16. Have you had _ breakfast? A. a B. an C. the D. / 17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any 18. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ violin. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, / 19. There is _ apple on the plate. A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. He said that he got _ “ C” in th