英语中的借代.ppt

,3.借代METONYMY,修辞学上辞格之一，甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有不可分离的关系，利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物的，叫借代。,(1)以事物的特征代替事物、人本身。Grayhairshouldberespected.老年人应受到尊敬。Nocross,nocrown.(Aproverb)没有苦就没有甜。,(2)以工具代替动作或行为者Hewasraisedtothebench.他被任命为法官。这里，bench指代法官。Hispenswaysoverhalfofthecivilizedworld.他的作品影响着半个文明世界。,(3)以人或物代特征Thereismuchoftheschoolboyinhim.他身上还有许多小学生的气质。Thewolfandthepigmingledtogetherinhisface.凶残与贪婪交织在一起，浮现在他的脸上。,theBritishlion英国人boiledlobster英国海军步兵队的兵theBear俄罗斯,(4)以事物活动的场所代替事物或活动者TheWhiteHouse(白宫)thePresidentorExecutivebranchoftheUSgovernmentCapitolHill(国会山)thelegislativebranchoftheU.S.governmentThePentagon(五角大楼)theU.S.militaryestablishmentFoggyBottom(雾谷)theU.S.StateDepartmentWallStreet(华尔街)U.S.FinancialcirclesMadisonAvenue(麦迪逊大街)Americanadvertisingindustry,DowningStreet(唐宁街)theBritishgovernmentorcabinetWhitehall(白厅)theBritishgovernmentWestminster(威斯敏斯特)theBritishParliamentorgovernmentFleetStreet(舰队街)theBritishpressTheKremlin(克里姆林宫)thegovernmentoftheSovietUnion,(5)以某物的产地代替该物WouldyoucareforacupofLongjing?ChampagneMaotaiScotch（whisky威士忌）Hewasbehindthearras.他在挂毯后面。,(6)以作者或生产者代替作品或产品OurSonyworkedwell.WedroveaFordtoHydePark.,(7)以容器代替其中内容Heisfondofthebottle.他喜欢喝酒。Whatdisheswouldyoulike?您要什么莱?Thekettleisboiling.壶(水)开了。Heisinhiscupsagain.他又喝醉了。,Exercise：,Hesettheroomroaringwithlaughter.他使全屋子爆发出笑声。Thecoatwouldbebeyondhismiserablepocket.他的钱少得可怜，买不起那件大衣。Whenevermyhusbandhasabaddayattheoffice,hehitsthebottle.每当我丈夫在办公室不顺心，他就喝得酩酊大醉。,(8)以人体器官代替其功能Thepracticedearcanrecognizeaclassicfavour.有音乐修养的人能够听出古典音乐的韵味。Shehastheeyeforthefairandthebeautiful.她有审美眼光。Shehasareadytongue.她口齿伶俐。,(8)以具体事物代替抽象事物Helivesbythepen.(=writing).他以写作为生。Heistoofondofthebottle(=drinking).他太贪杯了。Ifoundthepatriot(=patriotism)inhim.我从他身上看到了爱国之心。Dontactplaythefool.不要装疯卖傻。Playtheman!拿出男子汉气概来！,(9)以抽象事物代替具体事物Inthepresentinstance,itwassicknessandpovertytogetherthatshecametovisit.(JaneAusten)在目前这种情况下，她一并前来探望的是病人和穷人。Itisapitythatthereismoreignorancethanknowledgeinthecountry.该国未受教育的人多于受过教育的人，真是遗憾。,(10)以“颜色词+名词”构成的名词来替代意义上与之有关的名词Heistheblacksheepinthefamily.他是他家的害群之马。Hehasayellowstreak.他有着怯懦的性格。Hemightbethedarkhorseintheswimmingcontest.他在游泳赛中会意外取胜。,Thisprizeistheblueribboninmathe