Essay_Structure英语写作格式

1,TheEssayStructure,Generallyspeaking,anessaystructureislikethis:IntroductoryparagraphBodyparagraphsConcludingparagraph,2,Theintroductionhastwoparts,eachworkingforthesepurposes.,introducethetopicoftheessayGeneralstatementsgivebackgroundinformationonthetopic,Theintroductoryparagraph,3,statesthemaintopicThethesisliststhesubdivisionsofthetopicstatementmayindicatethemethodoforganizationoftheentirepaperisusuallythelastsentenceintheintroductoryparagraph,4,Anintroductionhasfourpurposes.-Itintroducesthetopicoftheessay.-Itgivesageneralbackgroundofthetopic.-Itoftenindicatestheoverall“plan”oftheessay.-Itshouldarousethereadersinterestinthetopic.,5,Sample(ofanintroductoryparagraph),Apersonborninthe21stcenturyhasseenalotofchangestakeplaceinalmostallareasofhumanlife.Somepeopleareexcitedbythechallengesthatthesechangesoffer;otherswanttoreturntothesimpler,lessautomatedlifestyleofthepast.Livinginthetwentiethcenturyofferscertainadvantages,suchasahigherstandardofliving,butitalsohassomedisadvantages,suchasapollutedenvironment,thedepersonalizationofhumanrelationships,andtheweakeningofspiritualvalues.(Thesisstatement),6,BackgroundInformation,General,Specific,MoreSpecific,ThesisStatement,7,Thebody(topical)paragraph(Paragraphstructure),atopicsentencesupportingdetailsaconcludingsentence+(transitionalsentences),A.Thetopicsentence(consistingofthetopicandthecontrollingidea),e.g.Conveniencefoodsareeasytoprepare.,8,TopicSentenceattheBeginningHurricanes,whicharealsocalledcyclones,exerttremendouspower.Theseviolentstormsareoftenahundredmilesindiameter,andtheirwindscanreachvelocitiesofseventy-fivemilesperhourormore.Furthermore,thestrongwindsandheavyrainfallthataccompanythemcancompletelydestroyasmalltowninacoupleofhours.Theenergythatisreleasedbyahurricaneinonedayexceedsthetotalenergyconsumedbyhumankindthroughouttheworldinoneyear.,-Theplacementofthetopicsentence,9,TopicSentenceattheBeginningandEndGoodmannersareimportantinallcountries,butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Americanseatwithknivesandforks;Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet;Japanesebow.ManyAmericanmenopendoorsforwomen;Japanesemendonot.Onthesurface,itappearsthatgoodmannersinAmericaarenotgoodmannersinJapan,andinawaythisistrue.Butinanycountry,theonlymannersthatareimportantarethoseinvolvingonepersonsbehaviortowardanotherperson.Inallcountriesitisgoodmannerstobehaveconsideratelytowardothersandbadmannersnotto.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.,10,TopicSentenceintheMiddleCaliforniansandNewEnglandersarebothAmerican.Theyspeakthesamelanguageandabidebythesamefederallaws.Buttheyareverydifferentintheirwaysoflife.Mobility-bothphysicalandpsychological-hasmadeagreatimpressiononthecultureofCalifornians;lackofmobilityisthemarkofthecustomsandmoralityofNewEnglanders.,11,TopicSentenceattheEndAlbertEinstein,oneoftheworldsgeniuses,failedinhisuniversityentranceexaminationonhisfirstattempt.WilliamFaulkner,oneofAmericasnotedwriters,neverfinishedcollegebecausehecouldnotpasshisEnglishcourses.SirWinstonChurchill,whoisconsideredoneofthemastersoftheEnglishlanguage,hadtohavespecialtutoringinEnglishduringelementaryschool.Thesefewexamplesshowthatfailureinschooldoesnotalwayspredictfailureinlife.,12,TopicSentenceImpliedFirstyoumustwaitforasunnyday.Rememberthattheraysofthesunaremostdirectbetween11A.M.and2P.M.Thisisthetimewhenyouwilltanthequickest.Attherighttimeandontherightday,pickanopenspotoutdoorsandlayoutalargetowelorbeachmat.Youmaywanttobringalongseveralthings:suntanoil,aportableradio,abookormagazine,sunglasses,apillow.Itisagoodideanottostayinthesuntoolongatfirst.(continued),13,Beginwithahalfhour,andthengraduallyincreasethetimeyouspendinthesun.Certainpartsofyourbodywillburnmorequicklythanothers.Theseincludethebacksofyourknees,theinsidesofyourelbows,yourshoulders,andyournose.Besuretocoverthesespotswithsuntanoilwhenyoufirstgooutside.Coverthemagainwithoilafteryouhavebeenoutinthesunforawhile.(end),14,-TworeminderstokeepinmindwhenwritingatopicsentenceAtopicsentenceshouldbeneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.,e.g.-Americanfoodisterrible.-AmericanfoodistastelessandgreasybecauseAmericansusetoomanycanned,frozen,andprepackagedfoodandbecauseeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.,15,Donotincludetoomanyunrelatedideasinyourtopicsentence;ifyoudo,yourparagraphwillnotbeunified.,-Americanfoodistastelessandgreasy.,e.g.SanFranciscoisfamousforitstemperateclimate,itsmanytouristattractions,anditscosmopolitanatmosphere.,Revised:SanFranciscoisfamousforitsmanytouristattractions.,16,Sample:Londonsweatherisverystrange.Itcanrainseveraltimesaday;eachtimetherainmaycomesuddenlyafterthesunisshiningbrightly.TheairisdampandchillrightthroughJuly.OnoneMarchafternoononHamptonHeathlastyearitrainedthreetimes,therewasonehailstorm,andthesunshonebrilliantly-allthiswithintwohourstime.Itisnotunusualtoseemenandwomenrushingdownthestreetonasunnymorningwithumbrellasontheirarms.Nooneknowswhatthenextfewmomentswillbring.,17,B.Theconcludingsentence,Aconcludingsentenceservesthreepurposes.-Itsignalstheendoftheparagraph.-Itsummarizesthemainpointsoftheparagraph.-Itgivesafinalcommentonyourtopicandleavesthereaderwiththemostimportantideastothinkabout.,18,Review:Whatisaparagraph(topicalparagraph)?,Agoodtopicsentencea.isacompletesentencewithasubject,averbandgenerallyacomplementb.statesboththetopicandthecontrollingideaoftheparagraphc.isneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.Itstatesthemainideaclearly,butitdoesnotgivethespecificdetails.d.isusually(butnotalways)thefirstsentenceintheparagraph,19,2.Agoodconcludingsentencea.signalstheendoftheparagraph.b.summarizestheimportantpointsbriefly.,20,Theconcludingparagraph,TheconcludingparagraphconsistsofAsummaryofthemainideaorB.restatementofyoureyourthesisindifferentwordsandC.Yourfinalcommentonthesubject,21,Sample(ofaconcludingparagraph),Inconclusion,althoughthe21stcenturyhasindeedgivenusalotofadvantagesbymakingusricher,healthierandfreertoenjoyourlives,ithas,inmyopinion,notmadeuswise.Thetwentiethcenturyhasalsomadeourearthdirtier,ourpeoplelesshumane,andourspirituallivespoorer.Weshouldcontinuetoenjoythebenefitsoftechnologicaladvancementsbecausetheyfreeustopursueourinterestsandgoals.However,wemustmakeaconcertedefforttopreserveournaturalenvironmentforfuturegenerations.Moreover,weshouldtakethetimenowtomakeourlivesmoremeaningfulinanincreasinglyimpersonal,andcomputerizedworld.,22,Transitionalparagraphs,Atransitionalparagraphusuallyperformstwofunctions:itsummarizesorevaluatespreviousmaterialsanditforesha