初中英语语法-被动语态.ppt

中考语法精讲被动语态,被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done),1.一般现在时am/is/are+done,Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.,Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.,2.一般过去时was/were+done,Hemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.,3.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone,Theywillplanttreestomorrow.TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.,4.现在完成时has/have+beendone,Jimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.,5.含有情态动词的被动语态,can/may/must/should+bedone,Icanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.,被动语态的用法,1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。,这块手表是中国制造的。ThiswatchismadeinChina.,2.没有必要指出动作的执行者,每年都应该种更多的树。Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.,3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.,4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。,许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,（主语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者（主语）（宾语）,说明：（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。,PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人讲英语。,当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。,Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.,1含有单宾语的主动句的转换：,(一)主动句与被动句的转换,Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换,IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.,Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.,ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).,2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。,1)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；,Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换,IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.,Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.,ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).,2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。,1)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；,3.含有介词动词的主动句的转换。,Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.,人家从不听他的话。,表示被动意义的主动句：,Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸上去很柔软。Ripeapplespickeasily.熟了的苹果容易摘下来。,Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.,Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).,补充部分,1.主动结构表被动意义,open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。,Thiskindofshirtsellswell.,2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.,3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.,4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理。,课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.,Treesareplanted,Theletterwasposted,Iwasgiven,Yourhomeworkmaybehandedin,Aletterisgoingtobewritten,1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold,A,C,A,4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken,D,C,B,C,8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt,B,D,A,C,12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout,B,C,A,D,16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatit