2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题

2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper One Part Listening Comprehension (30 % )Section A Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear:Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven t had a bite all day. Question: Whats the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now lets begin with question number 1. 1. A. It was called off unexpectedly. B. It raised more money than expected. C. It received fewer people than expected. D. It disappointed the woman for the man s absence. 2. A. A thoracic case. B. A nervous disorder. C. A stomach problem. D. A psychiatric condition. 3. A. In the housing office on campus. B. In the downtown hotel C. At the rental agency. D. In the nursing home. 4. A Thrilled. B. Refreshed. C. Exhausted. D. Depressed. 5. A. To travel with his parents. B. To organize a picnic in the country. C. To cruise, even without his friends. D. To take a flight to the Maldives instead. 6. A. He s got a revert. B. Hes got nausea. C. He s got diarrhea. D. He s got a runny nose. 7. A. To suture the mans wound. B. To remove the bits of glass. C. To disinfect the mans wound. D. To take a closer look at the mans wound. 8. A. Mr. Lindley had got injured. B. Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep. C. Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair. D. Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness. 9. A. She will apply to Duke University. B. She will probably attend the University of Texas. C. She made up her mind to give up school for work. D. She chose Duke University over the University of Texas. 10. A. Her boyfriend broke up with her. B. She was almost run over by a truck. C. One of her friends was emotionally hurt. D. She dumped her boyfriends truck in the river. 11. A. The patient will not accept the doctors recommendation. B. The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction. C. The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do. D. The medicine is not available to the patient. 12. A. It was more expensive than the original price. B. It was given to the woman as a gift. C. It was the last article on sale. D. It was a good bargain. 13. A. Excited. B. Impatient. C. Indifferent. D. Concerned, 14. A. She regrets buying the car. B. The car just arrived yesterday. C. She will certainly not buy the ear. D. This is the car she has been wanting. 15. A. He is seriously iii. B. His work is a mess. C. The weather is lousy this week. D. He has been working under pressure. Section B Directions: In this part you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One 16. A. He has got bowel cancerB. He has got heart disease. C. He has got bone cancer. D. He has got heartburn. 17. A. To have a colonoscopy. B. To seek a second opinion C. To be put on chemotherapy. D. To have his bowel removed. 18. A. A pretty minor surgery. B. A normal life ahead of him. C. A miracle in his coming years. D. A life without any inconveniences. 19. A. Thankful. B. Admiring. C. Resentful. D. Respectful. 20. A. It was based on the symptoms the man had described. B. It was prescribed considering possible complications. C. it was given according to the man s actual condition. D. it was effective because of a proper intervention. Passage Two 21. A. Smoking and lung Cancer. B. Lung cancer and the sexes. C. How to quit Smoking. D. How to prevent lung cancer. 22. A. Current smokers exclusively. B. Second-hand smokers. C. With a lung problem. D. At age 40 or over. 23. A. 156. B. 269. C. 7498. D. 9427. 24. A. Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancer B. Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men. C. Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men. D. When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women. 25. A. Lung cancer can be early detected. B. Lung cancer is deadly but preventable. C. Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable. D. Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently. Passage Three 26. A. A hobby. B. The whole world. C. A learning experience. D. A career to earn a living. 27. A. Her legs were broken. B. Her arms were broken. C. Her shoulders were severely injured. D. Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured. 28. A. She learned a foreign language, B. She learned to make friends C. She learned to be a teacher. D. She learned living skills. 29. A. She worked as skiing coach. B. She was a college instructor. C. She was a social worker in the clinic. D. She worked as elementary school teacher. 30. A. Optimistic and hard-bitten. B. Pessimistic and cynical. C. Humorous and funny. D. Kind and reliable. Part Vocabulary ( 10% )Section A Directions: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can best complete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. 31. I am afraid that you 11 have to _ the deterioration of the condition. A. account forB. call forC. look forD. make for 32. Twelve hours a week seemed a generous _ of your time to the nursing home. A. afflictionB. alternativeC. allocationD. alliance 33. Every product is _ tested before being put into the market. A. expensivelyB. exceptionallyC. exhaustivelyD. exclusively 34. Having clean hands is one of the _ rules when preparing food. A. potentB. conditionalC. inseparableD. cardinal 35. The educators should try hard to develop the _ abilities of children. A. cohesiveB. cognitiveC. collectiveD. comic 36. Mortgage _ had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase. A. defectsB. deficitsC. defaultsD. deceptions 37. The symptoms may be _ by certain drugs. A. exaggeratedB. exacerbatedC. exceededD. exhibited 38. Her story was a complete _ from start to finish, so nobody believed in her. A. facilityB. fascinationC. fabricationD. faculty 39. The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out _ . A. salvageB. safeguardC. sabotageD. sacrifice 40. The government always _ on the background of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects. A. takes upB. cheeks upC. works outD. looks into Section B Directions: In this section, each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. 41. The 19th century physiology was dominated by the study of the transformations of food energy in- to body mass and activity. A. boostedB. governedC. clarifiedD. pioneered 42. Surely, it would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action. A. realisticB. sensitiveC. reasonableD. sensational 43. The Chinese people hold their ancestors in great veneration. A. recognitionB. sincerityC. heritageD. honor 44. I worked to develop the requisite skill for a managerial. A. perfectB. exquisiteC. uniqueD. necessary 45. If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity and an index of physiological age, the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging. A. instanceB. indicatorC. appearanceD. option 46. The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise. A. arduousB. demandingC. potentD. continuous 47. The hospital should be held accountable for the quality of care it delivers. A. practicableB. reliableC. flexibleD. responsible 48. Greenpeace has been invited to appraise the environment costs of such an operation. A. esteemB. appreciateC. evaluateD. approve 49. The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak. A. chillyB. dismalC. promisingD. fanatic 50. These were vital decisions that bore upon the happiness of everybody. A. ensuredB. minedC. achievedD. influenced Part Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D . Choose the best answer mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely 51 , the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius 52 a child born with low intelligence, On the other hand, a child who lives in boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the 53 of a person s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his 54 This view, not held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent 55 we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people 56 , it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have 57 intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. 58 now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment 59 birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the 60 that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence. 51. A. quiteB. enoughC. sureD. so 52. A. out ofB. intoC. from withinD. off 53. A. amountsB. qualitiesC. limitsD. scores 54. A. disposition B. perceptionC. endowmentD. environment 55. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything 56. A. in advance B. for effectC. at randomD. under way 57. A. similarB. variousC. appropriateD. inborn 58. A. LookB. BelieveC. SuggestD. Imagine 59. A. andB. or ratherC. as well asD. but for 60. A. factB. eventC. conditionD. environment Part Reading Comprehension (30 % )Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Scan would die. Sean s case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just arent enough human organs to go around. Now scientists say they can alter the genetic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig hearts for transplants by the year 2008. That prospect, however, has stirred up strong opposition among animal fight activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel and unjust; some scientists also fear such transplants may transform unknown diseases to humans. Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable. The key is to convince people to eat healthfully, and not to smoke or drink alcohol. Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial organs. Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ could be taken off the waiting list in a year. 61. What is the problem the passage begins with?A. High mortality rate of immune rejection B. A malpractice in heart transplantation. C. An unusual case of organ transplant D. A shortage of human organs 62. Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue, according to the passage but also it_ . A. introduces an issue of inhumanity B. raises the issue of justice in medicine C. presents a significant threat to the human nature D. pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits 63. Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientists _ . A. are to narrow the scope of organ transplants B. switch to the development of artificial organs C. come up with alternatives to the current problem D. set out to pursue better ways of treating heart disease 64. It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph of the passage that _ . A. the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplants B. the present supply of human organs still has potential to be explored C. people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposes D. the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed 65. The information the passage carries is _ . A. enlighteningB. unbelievableC. imaginativeD. factual Passage Two There is a great irony of 21st-century global health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. They make people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, televisions set. And computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight are good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones that far more than they need, another irony, than the United States, to take an extreme example, most adultsof all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categoriesare overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many adults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people ate! Less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more. And all employ armies of Lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating. 66. The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to _ . A. the cause of obesity and its counteractive measures B. the insufficient and superfluous consumption of food C. the seas natural resource and the green of food source D. the consumption of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases 67. To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is _ . A. to improve political and economic management B. to cope with the energy imbalance issue C. to combat diet-related chronic diseases D. to increase investment in global health 68. As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to _ . A. affluence and obesity B. food energy and nutritional value C. food business and economic prosperity D. diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity 69. As a result of the third irony, people _ . A. consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basis B. complain about food overproduction C. have to raise their food expenses D. are driven towards weight gain 70. Which of the following can b