安徽省宣城市2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）

安徽省宣城市2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）考生注意事项：1. 本试卷分第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考号在答题卷指定位置填写清楚并将条形码粘贴在指定区域。3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卷上。第i卷每小题选出答案后，用2b铅笔把答题卷上对 应题目的答案标号涂黑；第卷请用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卷上各题的答题区 域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4. 考试结束时，务必将答题卡交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. where are the speakers?a. in a taxi. b. on a plane. c. on a bus.2. what will the man buy?a. a tie. b. a wallet. c. a pen.3. what does the woman think of saras speech?a. great. b. boring. c. just so - so.4. what are the speakers talking about?a. stephen hawking. b. a book. c. winter vacation.5. what will the girl do next?a. do her homework. b. turn on the tv. c. help her sister.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. what is the probable relationship between the speakers?a. neighbors. b. colleagues. c. husband and wife.7. what will the woman do tomorrow?a. go to a show. b. fly to new york. c. look after her grandma.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. what is tommy doing?a. having supper. b. playing a game. c. watching a play.9. who is the woman very satisfied with?a. cathy. b. tommy. c. johnny.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. how much should the man pay?a. 24. b. 32. c. 36.11. when should the man arrive at the theater?a. at 2:30. b. at 3:00. c. at 3:15.12. what does the man ask about in the end?a. the hall of the play. b. the way to the theater. c. the childrens club.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. what is the woman wondering about the man?a. his daily life. b. his family members. c. his opinions of the internet.14. what does the man do first after getting up?a. take a shower. b. take some exercise. c. check his messages.15. where is the man at 9 a. m. on weekdays probably?a. on the way. b. in his office. c. at home.16. what does the man usually do on weekends?a. he goes to work. b. he stays with his parents.c. he spends much time with his kids.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. why will the speaker go to melbourne?a. to see her sister. b. to study at a university. c. to visit a beautiful garden.18. what will the speaker do in sydney?a. see kangaroos. b. watch a show. c. go swimming.19. where will the speaker go on the 10th?a. to melbourne b. to hamilton island. c. to gold coast.20. when will the speaker arrive in london?a. on the 11th. b. on the 12th. c. on the 13th.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。afour apps to keep your life on trackfrom simple task scheduling to detailed task management, all these apps offer everything you need for efficient task recording.focusterwith focuster, you just need to add all your tasks and the tool will arrange them immediately in order of importance. after adding all the tasks, just press the now button and the tool will show the tasks you should be focusing on for the day.teuxdeuxthis useful app lets you schedule and organize all your tasks for the whole week. just add the tasks below the day column and youre done. want to move a task from one column to another? no worries. its drag - and - drop interface (界面) lets you rearrange the task and add it to a different day s column. additionally, teuxdeux lets you add repeating tasks for a day.ticktickticktick allows you to add tasks, subtasks, custom reminders as well as deadlines for a day, a week, or a month. in order to provide you with more ease in task scheduling, ticktick offers a nice calendar view, where you can add or edit tasks on a weekly or daily basis. it also has experimental features, which you can turn on if you want to try out beta capabilities (测试功能).wunderlistthe app lets you create tasks, subtasks and allows you to share with your family, friends and colleagues. the whole app is designed in the most user friendly way and offers you the ability to add deadlines, additional information and reminders.1. to share your tasks with others，youd prefer to choose _.a. focuster.b. teuxdeuxc. ticktick.d. wunderlist.2. whats the similarity between teuxdeux and ticktick?a. they offer a beautiful calendar view.b. they have great experimental features.c. they can help organize tasks for a week.d. they have a very user friendly interface.3. what benefit can you get from the four apps?a. completing your work more easily.b. obtaining everything you need faster.c. getting access to the internet more quickly.d. organizing your activities more effectively.【答案】1. d 2. c 3. d【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个让你的生活保持正轨的应用程序。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the app lets you create tasks, subtasks and allows you to share with your family, friends and colleagues.”可知，wunderlist允许你创建任务、子任务，并允许你与家人、朋友和同事分享，由此可知，要想与他人分享你的任务，你会选择wunderlist，故d项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“this useful app lets you schedule and organize all your tasks for the whole week.”及第四段中的“ticktick allows you to add tasks, subtasks, custom reminders as well as deadlines for a day, a week, or a month.”可知，teuxdeux 和ticktick的相似之处是这两个应用程序都可以帮助你组织一周的任务，故c项正确。【3题详解】细节理解题。第一段说从简单的任务调度到详细的任务管理，这四个应用程序都提供了高效记录任务所需的一切，由此可知，这四个应用程序都可以让你更有效地组织你的活动，故d项正确。bon october 23,2018, scientists came across a white octopus(章鱼) with “wings” that looked more like a ghost from outer space than the eight legged ones we are used to seeing.the octopus scientific name is grimpoteuthis. however, thanks to the two ear like fins (鳍) on the sides of its body, it is better known as a dumbo octopus, after disneys animated (动画的) elephant. the sea creature also has eight legs connected to its body by a web of skin, which are used to increase the pace when faced with natural enemies like sharks. dumbo octopuses can also move across the seafloor using their tentacles (触须).while the one caught on tape was mostly white, dumbo octopuses, like other octopuses, can change their skin color in different environments. they, however, do not produce ink often used as a weapon by other octopuses. instead, some dumbo octopuses have developed something sharp on their tentacles.there are more than a dozen known species of dumbo octopuses. while most are small, measuring between 8 and 12 inches long, some can reach over 6 feet in length. though octopuses have huge eyes, they can hardly see. however , although dumbo octopuses live in the deepest and darkest parts of the atlantic and pacific oceans, where nothing can be seen, the lack of sight does not affect them. instead, they have learned to use the suckers (吸盘) on their tentacles to feel their surroundings.their deep sea environment makes these octopuses difficult to spot, which is why any sighting of the unusual creatures is met with such joy. the latest one, caught on camera by hercules, an unmanned robot, was discovered two miles underwater around the davidson seamount, a volcano in california.4. what can we learn about the white octopus from the passage?a. it looks strange.b. it has no legs.c. it can fly out of water.d. it is common in the sea.5. which of the following are dumbo octopuses good at?a. taking on different colors.b. attacking enemies using ink.c. seeing in darkness with big eyes.d. protecting themselves with wings.6. what is the major function of the suckers on dumbo octopuses tentacles?a. to keep their balance.b. to speed up their pace.c. to sense their environment.d. to take in necessary food.7. what can be a suitable title for the text?a. the octopuses studied by scientistsb. the dumbo octopus found off california coastc. the elephant like dumbo octopuses spotted by robotsd. a new species noticed around the davidson seamount【答案】4. a 5. a 6. c 7. b【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家在加利福尼亚海岸发现了小飞象章鱼。【4题详解】细节理解题题。根据第一段中的“a white octopus(章鱼) with “wings” that looked more like a ghost from outer space”可知，白章鱼挥动着“翅膀”，看起来更像是来自外太空的幽灵，由此可知，白章鱼看起来很奇怪，故a项正确。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“dumbo octopuses, like other octopuses, can change their skin color in different environments.”可知，小飞象章鱼和其他章鱼一样，可以在不同的环境中改变自己的肤色，由此可知，小飞象章鱼擅长呈现不同的颜色，故a项正确。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“instead, they have learned to use the suckers (吸盘) on their tentacles to feel their surroundings.”可知，小飞象章鱼触角上吸盘的主要功能是感知周围环境，故c项正确。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“the latest one, caught on camera by hercules, an unmanned robot, was discovered two miles underwater around the davidson seamount, a volcano in california.”可知，本文介绍了科学家在加利福尼亚海岸发现了小飞象章鱼，故b项正确。cwhat kinds of rooms are your favorite spots for studying? we are going to guess that they are probably not painted bright red or yellow. but maybe they should be. imagine. you are suddenly asked to prepare for an exam. you have two rooms to choose from. one is a pale blue, and the other is a bright red. which one do you settle into for study? is one going to get your brain fired up for learning, or let you relax into the best state of concentration?according to researchers at curtin university in australia, it might be best to camp out in the bright red room when you are looking to store information. it might sound strange, since we often think of pale rooms soft blues or light greens are relaxing. and they seem to be: the curtin university study showed that pale colors made participants feel more relaxed and calm, while bright colors increased heart rate. but calming and relaxing, it turns out, may not always be the best environment for deep concentration or knowledge gaining. reading comprehension was much better in the bright rooms than in the pale rooms. although participants reported that they generally preferred the pale rooms to study in as an approach to relax into work, the researchers saw just the opposite that the bright - colored rooms seemed to lead to greater concentration.while this might seem only surprising, the findings get into a rather controversial (有争议) area of psychological study. the yerkes dodson law says that a little bit of stress is good for achieving best performance, while too much stress negatively affects it. the higher heart rate and the reports of the bright colors creating a heavy atmosphere might just suggest that a little stress was good for the brain.8. what is the common idea mentioned in the first paragraph?a. pale colors appeal to all tastes.b. few people like bright red or yellow.c. light colored rooms make you feel nervous.d. bright colored rooms are not good for studying.9. what might directly affect the research results according to para 2?a. how participants react to colors.b. participants preferences in colors.c. what participants read in the rooms.d. time participants spent in the rooms.10. what can be concluded from the study by curtin university?a. higher stress leads to better performance.b. most people know how to make use of colors.c. stress is necessary when you want to concentrate.d. being relaxed is very important for people studying.11. whats the main idea of the text?a. findings about peoples favourite room colors.b. room colors can affect ones academic performance.c. bright colored rooms can create a heavy atmosphere.d. light colored rooms help people feel relaxed into work.【答案】8. d 9. a 10. c 11. b【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员发现色彩艳丽的房间更能让人更集中注意力，从而提高学习成绩。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“what kinds of rooms are your favorite spots for studying? we are going to guess that they are probably not painted bright red or yellow.”可知，你最喜欢的学习地点是什么类型的房间?我们通常认为它们可能不是鲜红色或黄色的，由此可知，人们普遍认为色彩艳丽的房间不适合学习，故d项正确。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“. although participants reported that they generally preferred the pale rooms to study in as an approach to relax into work, the researchers saw just the opposite that the bright - colored rooms seemed to lead to greater concentration.”可知，尽管参与者表示他们通常更喜欢在浅色的房间里学习，以此更放松地学习或工作，但研究人员发现色彩艳丽的房间似乎能让人更集中注意力，由此可知，直接影响研究结果的是参与者对颜色的反应，故a项正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“dodson law says that a little bit of stress is good for achieving best performance”可知，道森劳说，一点点压力对取得好成绩是有好处的，由此可知，从科廷大学的研究我们可以得出结论：当你想集中注意力时，压力是必要的，故c项正确。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了研究人员发现色彩艳丽的房间更能让人更集中注意力，从而提高学习成绩，也就是说房间的颜色会影响一个人的学习成绩，故b项正确。dbreathing is something you do all day long, without even thinking about it. however, you might be doing it wrong. research shows that the way you breathe affects the amount of oxygen you take in, as well as how you think and feel.so which is it? do you breathe through your nose or your mouth? some health experts recommend people breathe in through their nose and out through their mouth. others say that people should just focus on breathing easily, paying no attention to their mouth or nose preference. but mouth breathing has also been connected with bad breath, snoring (打呼噜), high blood pressure and bad teeth.nose breathing may affect how memories are stabilized (稳定) in our brains, according to swedish researchers. during the study, participants smelled 12 different smells and then were asked to breathe either through their nose or mouth for an hour afterwards. then, they were presented with the original set of smells and a new set. those who smelled with their nose remembered the smells better.a research team recognized the differences in brain activity that occurred when seven epilepsy (癫痫) patients breathed through their nose or through their mouth. the team found three areas of the brain where activity is connected with breathing. these areas showed more changes in brain activity only when volunteers breathed in through their nose.so, should mouth breathers change their breathing habits? if you re happy with the way you breathe and you arent experiencing any health problems, be yourself and just keep your own way. but if you think it might be time for a change, focus breathing through your nose until it becomes a habit. it might help you survive an emergency.12. what does the word “it” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to?a. your life style.b. how you breathe.c. how you think and feel.d. the oxygen you take in.13. what did swedish researchers find?a. nose breathing may improve memory.b. mouth breathing causes health problems.c. nose breathers are not sensitive to smells.d. mouth breathers have a good sense of taste.14. what is the effect of nose breathing according to the research?a. it helps one to stay healthy.b. it cures bad breath and snoring.c. it makes ones brain more active.d. it improves ones sense of smell.15. what does the author think of nose breathing?a. it, s hard to get used to.b. its suitable for everybody.c. its what people have to do.d. its what people can benefit from.【答案】12. b 13. a 14. c 15. d【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了瑞典研究人员发现，用鼻子呼吸对我们更有好处。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“research shows that the way you breathe affects the amount of oxygen you take in, as well as how you think and feel.”可知，研究表明，你呼吸的方式会影响你吸入的氧气量，以及你的思维和感觉，画线词后又提到了到底应该用鼻子呼吸还是用嘴呼吸，此处是说那么到底用哪一种呼吸方式呢？由此可知it指的就是前面提到的呼吸方式，故b项正确。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“nose breathing may affect how memories are stabilized (稳定) in our brains, according to swedish researchers.”可知，瑞典研究人员称，鼻子呼吸可能会影响大脑记忆的稳定，也就是说发现鼻子呼吸可以改善记忆力，故a项正确。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the team found three areas of the brain where activity is connected with breathing. these areas showed more changes in brain activity only when volunteers breathed in through their nose.”可知，研究小组发现大脑中有三个区域的活动与呼吸有关，只有当志愿者通过鼻子吸气时，这些区域的大脑活动才会发生更多的变化，由此可知，研究发现鼻子呼吸使人的大脑更加活跃，故c项正确。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but if you think it might be time for a change, focus breathing through your nose until it becomes a habit. it might help you survive an emergency.”可知，如果你觉得是时候改变一下呼吸方式了，那就用鼻子呼吸，直到它成为一种习惯，它可能会帮助你在紧急情况下幸存下来，由此可知作者认为鼻子呼吸会让人们从中受益，故d项正确。【点睛】代词指代形式的词义猜测题难度较大，因为这种指代关系很可能存在于上文提到的某一名词或名词性短语中，所以对画线词上文的理解是关键，例如本篇第1题，根据第一段中的“research shows that the way you breathe affects the amount of oxygen you take in, as well as how you think and feel.”可知，研究表明，你呼吸的方式会影响你吸入的氧气量，以及你的思维和感觉，再结合画线词后提到的到底应该用鼻子呼吸还是用嘴呼吸可知，此处是说那么到底用哪一种呼吸方式呢？由此可知it指的就是前面提到的呼吸方式。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。lao-tzu and confucius were chinas most famous philosophers. _16_ “those who know do not say; those who say do not know.” said lao-tzu. confucius said that the best people say the least, but do the most._17_ it comes from the story that he was born with white hair, already old and wise. ? very little is known about lao-tzu s life. his writings are titled the “tao te ching”.according to taoism, the entire universe flows with a mysterious force called the tao, which means “the way”. _18_ when people forget this, opinions of good and evil or true and false happen. taoists try to remember their oneness. however, this is easier said than done, lao-tzu said. over time, taoism changed a bit. ? taoism became more popular in a. d. 440 when it became chinas state religion. many people practice taoism today.born in 551 b. c., confucius wandered throughout china as a government employee and a political adviser to the ruling chou family. _19_ after corfucius died in 479 b. c., his students wrote down his teachings and called them lun-yu, or the analects. many of his clever sayings are still followed today. “it is as hard to be poor without complaining as to be rich without becoming arrogant (傲慢的).” confucianism says it is important to learn to be human. people should act with goodness towards each other to create order and unity. confucianism guided thinking in china until about a hundred years ago.taoism and confucianism have differences and similarities. confucianism tells people how to act toward each other. taoism tells people how to