上海市北虹高级中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）

上海市北虹高级中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）i. listening comprehensionsection adirections: in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. a. in a bank. b. in a hospital. c. in a garage. d. in a store.2. a. office secretary. b. hotel receptionist.c. restaurant waitress. d. travel agency clerk.3. a. take his coat off. b. get out of the car.c. make a right turn. d. pay the parking fine.4. a. at 10:25. b. at 10:05. c. at 9:55. d. at 5:10.5. a. pay for some of the food. b. thank gary for his generous offer.c. choose their own food. d. treat gary to dinner some other time.6. a. operating on a patient. b. giving first-aid to a patient.c. arranging a bed for a patient. d. looking for an available doctor.7. a. the job is unsettled. b. hes eager to start his new job.c. his job starts next week. d. the job interview will go well.8. a. he doesnt want to drive any more. b. the road to bridgeport has just closed.c. it doesnt take long to go to bridgeport. d. he is familiar with every part of the drive.9. a. he already has plans for saturday night.b. he will make a reservation at the restaurant.c. the woman should ask her brother for a suggestion.d. the woman should decide where to eat on saturday.10. a. the championship will help him to keep in shape.b. she is sure the man will win back the championship.c. the championship is to be put off until a few weeks later.d. she wishes the man to be able to attend the championship.section bdirections: in section b, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). the conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. when you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. a. norway. b. denmark. c. canada. d. new zealand.12. a. people can lengthen their life b. people are honest with each other.c. the country is strong enough. d. people are free to choose their life.13. a. the happiness rating of the usa ranked 15th last year.b. people in europe are the happiest around the world.c. national poverty can make its people unhappy.d. the least happy country is south africa.questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14. a. unlucky people who have just lost their jobs.b. young people who are beginning their careers.c. college students who are doing voluntary work.d. inefficient employees who often make mistakes.15. a. learning in a workplace is crucial. b. knowledge is important in finding a job.c. enthusiasm is essential for ones career. d. making mistakes in work is unavoidable.16. a. errors in work wont cause severe consequences.b. it is a golden rule to be careful not to fail in work.c. it is you yourself who are able to control your career.d. your first jobs cant help your career unless attractive.17. a. to make a “five-year plan”.b. to give it up and continue your study.c. to assume that you actually love it.d. to accept it and try to learn something useful.ii. grammar and vocabularysection adirections: after reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. for the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.how steven spielberg stays inspiredask a young person who the greatest american film director is, and you may get the answer steven spielberg, _1_ has certainly made more successful films than any other director in the west.spielberg was born in america in 1946. what he impressed others most was _2_ he had unusual abilities when he was very young: completing his first 15-minute home movie at 13. he earned $100 at the age of 16, _3_ he made a 135-minute home movie called firelight and it was shown at a local cinema.a hollywood film studio employed spielberg to make a full-length film sugarland express on discovering his talent for movie-making. his next film was jaws, a film about a shark that ate people. this was one of _4_ (successful) films of all times. he received the award for lifetime achievement at the golden globes (金球奖) in 2009.despite all his outstanding achievements in his field, some of his films have been less successful in the last fifteen years. but people can never deny the fact _5_ he, more than anyone else in the history of films, understands the meaning of the word “entertainment”.now, spielbergs role as a father of seven has taught him a great deal about _6_ makes a good story at bedtime and otherwise. when his kids were growing up, hed tell them stories every night_7_ he could stay active in film-making.“in the past few years, i_8_ (inspire) by everybody who makes a good movie,” spielberg said.” “i cant risk _9_ (lose) my followers passion for film.” also, he owes (归因) his success to his attempt_10_ (keep) working and so he looks to his contemporaries (同时代的人) for that kind of current inspiration.【答案】1. who 2. that 3. when 4. the most successful 5. that 6. what 7. so that 8. have been inspired 9. losing 10. to keep【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了斯皮尔伯格的生平及成就。【1题详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：斯皮尔伯格无疑是西方最成功的导演。先行词为steven spielberg，指人，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，故填who。【2题详解】考查表语从句。句意：他给别人印象最深的是很小的时候他就有不同寻常的能力。空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，用that引导这个表语从句，只起连接作用，无实义，故填that。【3题详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：16岁时，他拍了一部135分钟的家庭电影火光，赚了100美元。分析句子结构可知此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为at the age of 16，指时间，从句不缺主宾表，缺少时间状语，故填when。【4题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：这是有史以来最成功的电影之一。one of后接形容词最高级，故填the most successful。【5题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：人们永远无法否认这个事实在电影史上，他比任何人都理解“娱乐”这个词的含义。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，用that解释fact的内容，故填that。【6题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：斯皮尔伯格作为七个孩子的父亲这一角色教会了他很多关于什么是好故事的知识。分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句，从句中的makes缺少主语，故填what。【7题详解】考查状语从句。句意：他每天晚上都给他们讲故事，以便他能在电影制作上保持活跃。根据句意可知此处用so that引导目的状语从句，故填so that。【8题详解】考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几年里，我受到每一个拍好电影的人的鼓舞。“in the past few years”表明用现在完成时， i与inspire之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been inspired。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不能冒我的追随者对电影失去热情的风险。risk doing表示“冒险做某事”，故填losing。【10题详解】考查不定式。句意：他把他的成功归因于继续工作的努力。attempt后接不定式作定语，表示“的努力”，故填to keep。【点睛】注意so that既可以引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句，其引导的是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句的区别有两个：目的状语从句中往往有情态动词can ,could,may 或might；从意思上看，目的状语从句的目的很明确。如，speak clearly so that they can understand you.清楚地表达以便他们能理解你(目的状语从句)；jack was badly ill so that he had to rest.杰克病得很重，所以他必须休息（结果状语从句）section b(a)directions: complete the following sentences and passage by using the words or expressions in the box. each can only be used once. note that there is more word or expressions than you need.11. he has a particular assistant to deal with the troubling visitors _ him.12. i _ his giving me a straight answer about who would compete in the olympics.13. his comments about our work left us _.14. the football players _ to win the game and so they did.15. modern media keep us _ happenings around the world.16. the film was _by critics, but people in the city didnt like it at all.【答案】11. a 12. e 13. g 14. f 15. d 16. h【解析】本题考查完成句子，注意短语词义的辨析。【11题详解】句意：他有一个专门的助手代表他来应付那些烦人的来访者。根据句意可知此处表示“代表”，故选a。【12题详解】句意：我坚持要他直接告诉我谁将参加奥运会。根据句意可知此处表示“坚决要求”，故e项正确。【13题详解】句意：他对我们工作的评论让我们不知所措。at a loss表示“不知所措”，故选g。【14题详解】句意：所有的球员不遗余力地去赢比赛，他们做到了。spare no effort to do表示“不遗余力地去做某事”，故选f。【15题详解】句意：现代媒体使我们随时了解世界上发生的事情。keep sb informed of sth表示“使某人了解某事”，故选d。【16题详解】句意：这部电影受到评论家的好评，但城里的人们一点也不喜欢它。根据转折连词but可知此处表示“受到好评”，故选h。 (b)directions: complete the following sentences and passage by using the words or expressions in the box. each can only be used once. note that there is more word or expressions than you need.there are a few gorgeous island countries in the world that are definitely worth visiting. although there are many beautiful countries in the world to visit, it has recently been a _17_ for many chinese to visit island countries during their holidays. so take a look at these island countries in the world, which everyone should certainly visit at least once in lifetime.malta is a beautiful southern european country in the mediterranean sea, which has a rich history and a variety of culture. in fact, there are plenty of interesting things to see and to do in malta and this island country, _18_ by lots of mysterious hidden coves (小海湾), it has something for everyone. the _19_ part of malta has incredible architecture, great walled cities, and many underground _20_ to explore.the philippines is one of the most beautiful and best island countries the philippines _21_ over 7,000 islands and all of them are beautiful and unique in their own way. there are many wonderful tourist _22_ including mayon volcano (火山), the chocolate hills and many more. the country also offers plenty of interesting activities for you to experience, such as diving, climbing, camping and many others.the maldives is not only one of the most beautiful island countries, it is also one of the most popular honeymoon destinations. the maldives, _23_ in the middle of the indian ocean, is made up of an entire series of incredible ancient coral reefs (珊瑚礁) that grew up along the sides of ancient volcanoes. there is a _24_ ocean, with fascinating beaches and luxury resorts (豪华度假区). you can now have easy _25_ to maldives by air, and there are luxury hotels of various styles on different islands.【答案】17. f 18. b 19. i 20. c 21. d 22. j 23. e 24. g 25. a【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个适合假期旅游的岛国。【17题详解】句意：最近许多中国人假期去岛国旅游已经成为一种趋势。此处缺少名词作表语，trend表示“趋势”，故填f。【18题详解】句意：在被许多隐藏的海湾所环绕的岛国马耳他，有很多有趣的事情可以做。根据句意可知此处表示“被所环绕”，故填b。【19题详解】句意：马耳他的历史部分有令人难以置信的建筑、伟大的有城墙的城市以及许多有待探索的地下遗迹。根据句意可知此处表示“历史的”，故填i。【20题详解】句意参考上题解析，指有待探索的地下遗迹，remain to do表示“有待做”，故填c。【21题详解】句意：菲律宾有7000多个岛屿。根据句意可知此处表示“包含”，故填d。【22题详解】句意：有很多很棒的旅游景点。tourist attractions表示“旅游景点”，故填j。【23题详解】句意：马尔代夫位于印度洋中部，由一系列令人难以置信的古老的珊瑚礁组成。be located in表示“位于”，此处去掉be作状语，故填e。【24题详解】句意：这里有壮丽的海洋、迷人的海滩和豪华度假村。根据句意可知此处表示“壮丽的”，故g项正确。【25题详解】句意：现在乘飞机去马尔代夫很方便。 have access to表示“接近、进入”，故填a。iii. reading comprehensionsection adirections: for each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked a, b. c and d. fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple _26_.language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _27_ do with it? we gossip. about others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing what with whom, whos in and whos out-and why; how to deal with difficult _28_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.so why are we keen on gossiping? are we just natural _29_, of both time and words? or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? its not the case according to professor robin dunbar. in fact, in his latest book, grooming, gossip and the evolution of language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really vital _30_.dunbar _31_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively. instead, he suggests that language evolved among women. we dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues dunbar_32_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _33_ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. by means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or_34_ from outside it.as we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, dunbar _35_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the _36_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. grooming helped to _37_ the pressure and calm everybody down.but as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be _38_ to maintain its effectiveness. clearly, a more _39_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _40_ contact.26. a. claimb. descriptionc. gossipd. language27. a. occasionallyb. habituallyc. independentlyd. originally28. a. socialb. politicalc. historicald. cultural29. a. admirersb. mastersc. usersd. wasters30. a. issuesb. problemsc. factsd. headlines31. a. confirmsb. rejectsc. outlinesd. broadens32. a. for instanceb. in additionc. on the contraryd. as a result33. a. motivationb. appearancec. emotiond. behaviour34. a. attackb. contactc. respectd. assistance35. a. recallsb. deniesc. concludesd. admits36. a. prospectb. responsibilityc. leadershipd. protection37. a. measureb. showc. maintaind. reduce38. a. savedb. extendedc. consumedd. gained39. a. commonb. efficientc. scientificd. thoughtful40. a. indirectb. dailyc. physicald. secret【答案】26. c 27. b 28. a 29. d 30. a 31. b 32. c 33. d 34. a 35. c 36. d 37. d 38. b 39. b 40. c【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学家robin dunbar通过研究灵长类的行为得出结论语言的进化是专门为了让我们闲聊的。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. claim断言；b. description描述；c. gossip闲聊；d. language语言。根据本空前的“research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple”可知，研究表明，人类三分之二的谈话不是关于当今文化或政治问题的讨论，也不是关于刚刚看完的电影或读完的书的激烈辩论，而是简单的闲聊，下文中的“gossip”也是提示，故c项正确。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。a. occasionally偶尔；b. habitually习惯地、日常地；c. independently独立地；d. originally最初。根据本空后的“do with it? we gossip.”可知，语言是我们的财富，我们习惯上用它做什么？我们闲聊，故b项正确。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。a. social社交的；b. political政治的；c. historical历史的；d. cultural文化的。根据本空后的“situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.”可知，此处指如何处理涉及到孩子、爱人以及同事等困难的社交情况，故a项正确。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. admirers崇拜者；b. masters大师；c. users使用者；d. wasters挥霍者。根据上句的热衷于闲聊及本空后的“of both time and words?”可知，我们是天生的时间和语言的挥霍者么？故d项正确。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. issues问题、议题；b. problems问题、难题；c. facts 事实；d. headlines标题。根据本空前的“the really important issues of life”可知，心理学家robin dunbar在他的新书中说闲聊是其中一个非常重要的问题，故a项正确。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。a. confirms确认；b. rejects反对、抵制；c. outlines概述；d. broadens扩大。根据本空后的“the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively.”可知，dunbar反对语言是男人是在社会发展的早期为了更有效地组织狩猎活动而发展的，故b项正确。【32题详解】考查介词短语辨析。a. for instance例如； b. in addition另外； c. on the contrary相反、反之；d. as a result结果。根据本空后“he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.”可知，我们不是因为会说话就花三分之二的时间闲聊，相反，语言的进化是专门为了让我们闲聊的，故c项正确。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. motivation动机； b. appearance外表；c. emotion情感；d. behaviour行为。根据本空后的内容可知，dunbar是通过研究高级灵长类动物的行为而得出这个结论的，故d项正确。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. attack攻击；b. contact接触、联系；c. respect尊重；d. assistance帮助。根据本空前的“monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or”可知，猴子与其他个体组成群体，当群体内部发生冲突或受到外部攻击时，它们可以依靠这些个体获得支持，故a项正确。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。a. recalls回忆；b. denies否认；c. concludes得出结论、推断；d. admits承认。根据本空后的“that at one time in our history we did much the same.”可知，dunbar从猴子的这一行为得出结论在人类的历史上，我们也做过同样的事情，故c项正确。36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. prospect预期 ；b. responsibility责任；c. leadership领导能力；d. protection保护。根据本空前的“grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, ”可知，群体规模越大，提供的保护就越大，故d项正确。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。a. measure衡量；b. show展示；c. maintain保持；d. reduce减少。根据本空后的“the pressure and calm everybody down.”可知，梳理有助于减少压力和变得冷静，故d项正确。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。a. saved挽救；b. extended延伸、扩大；c. consumed 消耗；d. gained赢得。根据本空前的“but as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be”可知，随着群体的规模变得越来越大，花在梳理活动上的时间也不断延长以保持其有效性，故b项正确。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。a. common常见的；b. efficient有效的；c. scientific科学的；d. thoughtful体贴的。根据本空后的“kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _15_ contact.”可知，需要一种更有效的梳理，因此，语言进化为一种发声法，通过在更广的个体网络上交换信息，人类可以发展与更大群体的关系，而不是一对一的身体接触，故b项正确。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。a. indirect间接的；b. daily日常的； c. physical身体的；d. secret秘密的。根据上文语境可知，语言进化为一种发声法，通过在更广的个体网络上交换信息，人类可以发展与更大群体的关系，而不是一对一的身体接触，故c项正确。【点睛】本篇第8题难度较大，抓住空后所举事例是关键，根据“by means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it”可知，科学家是通过研究猴子梳理皮