广东省惠州2020届高三英语第一次调研测试试题（含解析）

惠州市2020届高三第一次调研考试试卷英语（2020.06）第I卷第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AArtificial intelligence，or AI，has been applied in a wide range of fields to perform specific tasks，including education, finance, heavy industry, transportation, and so onEducationThere are a number of companies that create robots to teach subjects to children ranging from biology to computer science，though such tools have not become widespread yetAdvancements in natural language processing，combined with machine learning，have also enabled automatic grading of assignmentsAI has also led to an explosion in popularity of MOOCs，or Massive Open Online Courses，which allows students from around the world to take classes onlineFinanceUse of AI in banking can be tracked back to 1987Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations，maintain book-keeping，invest in stocks，and manage propertiesAlso，systems are being developed，like Atria，to translate complex data into simple and personable languageThere are also wallets，like Wallet AI，which monitor an individuals spending habits and provides ways to improve themHeavy industryRobots have become common in many industries and are often given jobs that are considered dangerous to humansRobots have proven effective in jobs that are very repetitive which may lead to mistakes or accidents due to failure in concentration and other jobs which humans may find degradingTransportationTodayS cars can have AI-based driver assist features such as self-parking and advanced cruise controlsAI in transportation is expected to provide safe，efficient，and reliable transportation while minimizing the impact on the environment and communitiesToys and gamesCompanies like Mattel have been creating AI-enabled toys for kids as young as age threeUsing proprietary AI engines and speech recognition tools，they are able to understand conversations，give intelligent responses and learn quicklyAI has also been applied to video games，for example video game bots，which are designed to stand in as opponents where humans arent available or desired1. Which is true about AI and education?A. Robots have been widely used to teach childrenB. AI has been used to grade studentshomeworkC. AI has enabled more students to receive education at schoolD. Education was the first field where A1 was used2. Which can be inferred from the passage?A. Atria can help people understand complex dataB. Wallet AI can help people make more moneyC. Robotsjobs are considered dangerous to humansD. Robots can help people concentrate3. From the last two paragraphs we can know that_.A. Todays drivers neednt learn to park their carsB. AI ensures safe, efficient, and reliable transportationC. AI-enabled toys is designed to improve kidsintelligenceD. Video game bots can fight against you in video games4. What is the passage mainly about?A. The latest progress in AIB. AI is of great useC. Some applications of AID. AI is used in all fields【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C【解析】人工智能，也称作AI，已经被广泛应用到各个领域。本文主要介绍人工智能在教育，金融，重工业，交通，玩具和游戏方面的应用。1. 细节理解题。根据小标题Education后的Advancements in natural language processing, combined with machine learning,have also enabled automatic grading of assignments可知，语言学习过程的进步与机器学习结合在一起，也能保证作业的自动评分。B选项AI has been used to grade students homework.表示人工智能已经被用于给学生的作业评分。故选B。2. 推理判断题。根据小标题Finance后的Also,systems are being developed,like Arria,to translate complex data into simple and personable language可知Arria系统能够将复杂的数据转化为简单且人性化的语言，所以可推知Arria能够帮助人们理解复杂的数据。故选A。3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的AI has also been applied to video games,for example video game bots,which are designed to stand in as opponents where humans arent available or desired.可知video game bots被设计出来是为了在游戏中，如果人类玩家不够或者不想和人类玩家玩，那么video game bots就可以充当对手。故选D。4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍人工智能在教育，金融，重工业，交通，玩具和游戏五个方面的应用。故选C。BWhen 1 was a boy we used to live across the road from a big hill with huge oak trees growing out of itWhen winter arrived，thick，heavy snow would fall，and my two brothers would grab their sleds heading over to the hill for a day of funI remember watching them with envy because 1 was still too small to go sleddingFinally，one winter 1 was considered big enough and joined my brothers as they carried their sleds up the long hill and prepared to ride down itThe first few trips I rode with one of my brothers and had the time of my lifeIt was so exhilarating when the wind whipped across my face as I flew down the hillside on the wooden sledNear the end of the day 1 was overjoyed too when my oldest brother decided to let me try riding the sled all by myselfI climbed on it full of excitement and lay on my stomachThen with one big push my brother sent me down the snowy hillside1 was doing pretty well too until I hit an old stump hidden by the snow and went off course，straight towards one of those big oak treesMy heart pounded in my chest and I could hear myself screamingAt the last possible second I rolled off and the sled crashed into the treeI could hear my brothers running down the hill yelling，“You have to steer(操控)!You have to steer!”Sadly，that wasnt the last time I failed to steer when some obstacle knocked me off course in my lifeMany times problems，troubles，and my own failures have sent me crashing into the trees of anger, frustration, and despairI am still learning that life isnt always safe sleddingI am still learning that it is up to me to steer myself back to love, back to kindness, back to goodness, and back to GodLife is a trip，but no one ever said it was a smooth rideSteer well thenSteer straightSteer your soul towards the light and the love we are all meant for5. What do we know about the author when he was very young?A. He lived on a big hill with huge oak trees on itB. He was frightened to go sledding with his brothersC. He longed to go sledding with his brothersD. He carried his brotherssleds as they went sledding6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word“exhilarating”in Paragraph 2?A. delightful B. TerrifyingC. ordinary D. violent7. Why did the author fall off his sled?A. Because his sled crashed in an oak treeB. Because he lost control of his sledC. Because his brother pushed it so hardD. Because the hillside was snowy8. What does the author mean to tell us?A. Losing control of a sled can be dangerousB. Courage and determination can change ones lifeC. Life can be controlled by one himselfD. Life is a mystery full of coincidences【答案】5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C【解析】本文主要讲作者小时候滑雪，玩得开心的时候不小心撞到大树。在最后一刻，作者翻滚到雪地里化险为夷，同时学到一个人生道理，那就是学会掌控。5. 细节题。根据第一段I remember watching them with envy because I was still too small to go sledding.可知作者因为年龄太小不能去滑雪，只好嫉妒地看着哥哥们玩。分析可知作者小时候很渴望和哥哥们一起滑雪。故选C。6. 词义猜测题。根据语境It was so exhilarating when the wind whipped across my face as I flew down the hillside on the wooden sled可知这句话描述的是作者在第一次滑雪，在木雪橇上从山上冲下去，风从脸上刮过时的感受。根据第一段作者渴望滑雪，再结合后文的overjoyed可知作者玩的很开心。delightful表示“令人愉快的”， terrifying表示“可怕的，极大的”，ordinary表示“普通的”， violent表示“暴力的”。故选A。7. 推理判断题。根据前文I was doing pretty well too until I hit an old stump hidden by the snow and went off course,straight towards one of those big oak trees.可知作者撞到了雪地里的一个树桩，然后径直撞向一棵大栎树。再结合后文At the last possible second I rolled off and the sled crashed into the tree可知作者在快要撞到栎树的那一刻从雪橇上翻滚下来，这才避开了危险。分析语境可知作者翻滚是因为撞到树桩，失去平衡，为避免撞到树上。故选B。8. 目的意图题。通读全文可知本文的行文结构是通过一个发生在作者童年的故事，讲述一个人生道理。根据文章最后一段Life is a trip,but no one ever said it was a smooth ride.Steer well then可知作者认为人生的旅程不是一帆风顺的，应该学会掌控。故选C。CThe popular TV program Readers has prompted more people in China to practice reading aloud in booths(亭)set up in big cities across the countryAs the latest TV show to help peoples love for literature recover，CCTV program Readers invites people from all walks of life to read aloud their favorite poems，essays and books，or even personal letters they wrote to their loved onesJust as the weekly show has been well-received，its reading booths，equipped with professional recording devices and cameras，have become instant hitsA crowd of more than 200 people were pictured lining up outside the Shanghai Library at 11 am on March 4 - the first day of the booths opening to the public in ShanghaiThe deadline for registrations was brought forward to 2 pm instead of the scheduled 5:30 pm，as the number of waiting readers continued to growSome waited more than nine hours for a try-out in the booth, according to library management“There is an old photo in the late 1970s capturing people lining up outside the Shanghai Library before it opensIf that was a spring of reading in Shanghai，now I think another spring has arrived again，”library manager Zhou Deming，told the Shanghai-based The PaperThe reading booth is the only one of its kind in the city of economic center at the moment，but more are expected to be put into use in the coming months，according to the librarys websiteThe Readers program has also led to booths in other cities including Beijing，Hangzhou，Guangzhou and Xian to appeal to more people to read and share their life storiesWith the recent boom of culture-themed TV shows such as Readers and Chinese Poetry Competition，some are optimistic that this will help the country love literature and reading again in general9. CCTV program Readers aims to_.A. teach people what to readB. attract peoples attention to CCTVC. invite people to read aloud in the boothD. arouse peoples flesh enthusiasm for reading10. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that_.A. Some people waited for a long time to read in the boothB. March 4 was the first day of the opening of Shanghai LibraryC. On March 4,200 people read in the boothD. The time for registrations was lengthened for three and a half hours11. The passage mainly tells US that_.A. Many people line up to read aloud in reading boothsB. More reading booths will be set up in the futureC. Readers has become popular all over ChinaD. Readers has inspired more people to read aloud in reading booths【答案】9. D 10. A 11. D【解析】随着CCTV的“朗读者”节目受到人们的欢迎，全国范围开始刮起了“读书风”。各大城市纷纷建立起了阅读亭，人们阅读的兴趣也越来越高。9. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段As the latest TV show to help peoples love for literature recover作为最新的帮助恢复人们对文学热爱的电视节目，可知Readers目的在于帮助人们对于阅读重新提起兴趣。故选D。10. 细节理解题。根据第三段Some waited more than nine hours for a try-out in the booth,according to library management.可知有些人为了感受阅读亭，等了九个多小时。故选A。11. 主旨大意题。通读文章可知本文主要讲随着电视节目“朗读者”的受欢迎，阅读亭也悄然而生，人们的阅读兴趣被极大的激发。故选D。【名师点睛】细节理解题是英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。它的的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。（1）集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。（2）分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要同学们寻找文章中的多个细节。需要注意的是分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置，正确答案往往也是关于文章的某一个句子或细节。只是说文章的干扰选项是关于不同的细节，需要我们在定位的时候阅读某一个区域。本篇阅读的第二题We can learn from Paragraph 3 that _就属于细节理解题。它属于分散型的细节理解题，四个选项都出自第三段的细节。第三段中的细节Some waited more than nine hours for a try-out in the booth,according to library management.说明A选项Some people waited for a long time to read in the booth正确。B选项March 4 was the first day of the opening of Shanghai Library的相关细节在文中March 4 the first day of the booths opening to the public in Shanghai这一句中，但原文表达的意思是“三月四号是上海的阅读亭对公众开放的第一天”，而不是上海图书馆开放的第一天，所以B选项错误。C选项On March 4,200 people read in the booth的相关细节在文章A crowd of more than 200 people were pictured lining up outside the Shanghai Library at 11 am on March 4这一句中，但原文中的more than说明C选项错误。D选项The time for registrations was lengthened for three and a half hours的相关细节在文章The deadline for registrations was brought forward to 2 pm instead of the scheduled 5:30 pm这一句中。但分析原文细节可知登记的截止时间从计划中的五点半提前到两点，并不是延长三个半小时。和D选项表达的意思相反。DFollowing the crowd may not always be in a persons best interestBut new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adultsScientists have known that close friendships help boost healthThats true for both teens and adultsThe finding inspired Joseph Allen，a psychologist at the University of Virginia，and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult healthSo they followed 171 teens，starting when the kids were just 13They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teensclosest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendshipsThe same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25，26 and 27This time，the questions surveyed each persons overall healthWhen the researchers analyzed the data they found a strong connection between a teens behavior and adult healthTeens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adultsWhether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to a close friends also influenced later healthThose who held back were more likely to be sick as adultsThe connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on healthWeight，family income and drug use were all examinedSo were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depressionAnd in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships didGoing along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacksTeens who are more independent tend to do better at school and workAnd peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior，such as smoking，drinking or using drugsDealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges“Finding the right balance is the keyTeens shouldnt lose heart for not finding this easy”And，he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”12. Where can you probably read this passage?A. Science fictionB. Health columnC. Fashion magazineD. Entertainment newspaper13. We can learn from Allens study that _.A. many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendshipsB. mental health issues have nothing to do with adult healthC. the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27D. the teens who couldnt express themselves grew up to be unhealthier14. According to what Allen said，we can know that _.A. in order to do better at school，teens should not follow the crowdB. though its challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure，they should not give upC. teens will engage in smoking，drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressureD. parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends15. What can be inferred from the passage?A. There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowdB. Close friendships are the most important for peoples healthC. Teen friendships may turn out healthier adultsD. Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C【解析】本文主要介绍了一个朋友关系对健康的影响的调查研究。研究表明，朋友较少、没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康些。当然，加入周围的朋友圈也有坏处。12. 推理判断题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍保持朋友关系对健康的影响。science fiction表示“科学小说”；health column表示“健康专栏”；fashion magazine表示“时尚杂志”；entertainment newspaper表示“娱乐报纸”。故选B。13. 推理判断题。根据第二段Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to a close friends also influenced later health.Those who held back were more likely to be sick as adults.可知青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到成年时期的健康。那些压抑情感的青少年长大后更容易生病。故选D。14. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知参加周围的朋友圈使得人们在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来“peer pressure”，也就是周围同龄人带来的压力，即“同行压力”。 peer pressure会导致许多问题，如何应对同行压力对于青少年来说成为了一个挑战。分析Allen 的话Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldnt lose heart for not finding this easy.可知，青少年要应对同行压力，找到正确的平衡是关键。青少年不能因为很难找到平衡就灰心丧气。故选B。15. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.可知，加入朋友圈的青少年在长大为成年人后会更加健康。C选项Teen friendships may turn out healthier adults.“青少年时期的友谊会使得人们成年后更加健康”符合文章要表述的意思，故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分1O分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。My father used to be an amateur wrestler and national champion. He was forced by his father to give up the sport in order to obtain gainful employment, which meant he wouldnt be able to win a medal for our country. Therefore, he made a vow that his unborn son would _16_He was about to give up hope when one day, my younger sister Babita and I beat up two boys accidentally in response to critical comments. My dad found our potential to become wrestlers and began coaching us. _17_ We were required to do physical training early in the morning and have a short haircuts to avoid lice._18_ We would complain about him all the time. Gradually, I realized that he wanted us to have a good future and not grow up to be ordinary housewives. Motivated, we willingly participated in his coaching.With great efforts, he made us competitive wrestlers and I won the junior and senior championships, providing me with a chance to gain training in a National Sports Academy, where pride and agony fulfilled my mind. _19_ As a result, I found myself losing every match at the international level. After that, I tearfully made peace with papa and turned to him for help. Then he coached me patiently.Despite difficulty, I finally became the first Indian female wrestler to qualify for the Olympics, inspiring dozens of Indian women to take to wrestling. Even now, papas words are still in my mind “ Geeta, think about all the girls who are thought to be inferior to boys, girls who are forced to do chores, girls who are married and have children. Not only will you compete with other countries, but also with those who look down upon women!”. I will never forget out fathers instruction. _20_A.But his methods were cruel.B.I almost abandoned what papa had taught me.C.Disappointingly, my mother gave birth to all girls.D.My sister and I tried to escape.E.I will always owe all success to him.F.At first, my sister a