（江苏专用）2020高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 The universal language讲义 牛津译林版选修8

Unit 2 The universal language话题词汇1.fan n.歌迷2.idol n.偶像3.universal adj.共同的；普遍的；全体的；全世界的4.folk song民歌，民谣5.classical music古典音乐6.country music乡村音乐7.pop music流行音乐8.rock and roll摇滚乐9.put on表演10.gain popularity受欢迎经典语篇音乐被公认为全人类共同的语言，是我们生活中必不可少的一部分。请你根据以下提示信息，写一篇关于音乐的英语短文。音乐的重要性；你所知道的音乐类型；你最喜欢哪一类音乐？说明你喜欢的理由。注意：1.词数150左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。佳作欣赏Music is the universal language to all human beings and plays a very important part in our life. First，it can make us feel relaxed both mentally and physically，thus helping reduce our pressure at work and in life.Whats more，it can make our life more colourful and help us to relax ourselves. Without music，our world would be like a wild desert.There are different varieties of music，such as popular music，classical music，country music，jazz music，rap music，and rock music.Of all the music，I like country music best.I listened to it for the first time over the radio. It makes me think about the blue sky，the white cloud，the green grass and also the peaceful life in the country.I am so interested that I have bought many tapes about country music. Now I can listen to it freely in my spare time.思维发散1.用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写第句Music is the universal language to all human beings，which plays a very important part in our life.2.用not only.but also.改写第句Whats more，it can not only make our life more colourful but also help us to relax ourselves.3.用强调句型改写第句It was over the radio that I listened to it for the first time.4.用倒装句改写第句So interested am I that I have bought many tapes about country music.重点单词A.写作单词1.universal (adj.)共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的2.unemployment (n.)失业3.decline (n.)衰落，衰败；减少；(vi.& vt.)衰落，下降；婉言谢绝4.seek (vt.& vi.)试图，设法；寻找，寻求5.scold (vt.)训斥，责骂6.stubborn (adj.)固执的，顽固的7.unwilling (adj.)不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的8.demand (vt.)强烈要求；需要；(n.)要求；需求demanding (adj.)要求高的，苛求的9.evident (adj.)清楚的，显然的evidently (adv.)明显地，显然地evidence (n.)证据，根据10.collection (n.)作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走collect (vt.)收集，收藏11.tendency (n.)倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向tend (vi.)往往，趋向；(vt.)照看12.gradual (adj.)逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的gradually (adv.)渐渐地，逐渐地13.prejudice (n.)偏见，成见；(vt.)使怀有(或形成)偏见prejudiced (adj.)有偏见的，有成见的；偏颇的，偏心的14.disturbing (adj.)令人不安的；引起恐慌的disturb (vt.)打扰，扰乱disturbed (adj.)心烦意乱的，烦恼的15.discrimination (n.)歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力discriminate (vi.& vt.)歧视；区分16.merciful (adj.)仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的mercifully (adv.)仁慈地；宽恕地；宽容地mercy (n.)仁慈；宽恕；宽容B.阅读单词17.awesome (adj.)极好的；令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的18.condemn (vt.)判刑，宣判；指责，谴责19.dare (vt.& vi.& aux.)敢于，胆敢20.seize (vt.)逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占21.dawn (n.)黎明，拂晓；开端，萌芽22.deadline (n.)最后期限，截止日期23.unite (vt.& vi.)联合，团结；统一24.broken (adj.)破损的，受伤的；中止了的；不连续的25.department (n.)部，司，局，处，系26.chart (n.)图表；海图；(vt.)记录；绘制27.root (n.)起源，起因；根，根茎28.liberty (n.)自由29.trend (n.)趋势，动向30.scream (vi.) 尖叫，高声喊；呼啸；(n.)尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音31.cast (vt.& vi.)选派角色；投射(光影)；向投以(视线、笑容)32.grand (adj.) 宏大的，壮丽的，堂皇的，隆重的33.personnel (n.)人事部门；职员，全体人员34.throat (n.)咽喉，喉咙35.symphony (n.)交响乐，交响曲36.bachelor (n.)单身汉，未婚男子；学士37.folk (adj.)民间的，民俗的；(n.)人们；亲属(尤指父母)38.format (n.)形式；格式；版式39.band (n.)乐队；一伙人；带子；条纹40.slavery (n.)奴隶身份；奴隶制slave (n.)奴隶.重点短语1.fall in love相爱，坠入爱河2. at first sight初次见面；乍一看3.spring up突然兴起，迅速出现4. break up破裂，解散；破碎5.be condemned to something被处以某种刑罚6.ask for somebodys hand in marriage(向女方)求婚7. participate in参加；参与8. split up分手；分裂；破裂；离婚9.go crazy变得疯狂10.take on呈现11. be transformed into被变成/改变成12.combine.with.与相结合/融合13. take a brief look at简要回顾14.be set in以为背景.经典句式1.Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden Citythere could not be a more awesome setting!想象一下在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧不可能有比这更棒的场景了！2.Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene，and it had to be completed by one of his former students，Franco Alfano.不幸的是，普契尼还没完成最后一幕就因心脏病发作去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的一名学生法兰高阿法奴来完成。3.The emperor finds the death disturbing.However，although he would like to，he cannot break his promise.皇帝对王子的死去感到不安，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言4.Well，its been fun talking to you.哦，与你交谈真有趣。5.Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called Beatlemaniathousands of fans would surround them，screaming and going crazy trying to see them.无论甲壳虫乐队到哪儿，总有一种被称为“披头士狂热”的现象成千上万的粉丝聚集在他们周围，尖叫着、疯狂地试图见他们一面。1cast sb.as选派某人演某角色cast a vote 投票cast light on sth.使某事物清楚，使明白cast a shadow映出一个影子cast a glance at 瞥了一下cast down沮丧，泄气(1)The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoesofficial fightstarters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.(2020福建)载满西红柿的卡车一大早就到达了正式的发令员通过向人群投掷西红柿使战斗开始。(2)Casting a glance at me，he went on reading the letter.他抬头看了我一眼，又继续看信了。(3)He was much cast down at the moment.他当时非常沮丧。多维训练(1)完成句子He was cast as the role of the prince(选派为王子的角色).The moon cast a white light into the room(投射白的亮光).She cast a welcoming smile in his direction(投以欢迎的微笑).The fisherman cast his net(撒网) into the river.(2) in one movie，the actress proved herself to be talented in acting.A.Having been cast B.To be castC.Being cast D.Having cast答案A解析句意为：已出演了一部电影，这位女演员证明了自己的表演天赋。cast与句子主语the actress是动宾关系，且扮演角色是过去的事，故非谓语动词要用完成时的被动语态。2应试指导后接同位语的用法(1)promise mise sth.to sb.答应给某人某物promise (sb.)to do sth.答应(某人)做某事promise (to be)n./adj.有希望；可能(2)carry out/keep a promise/live up to ones promise遵守/履行诺言make a promise许下诺言break ones promise食言，收回承诺(3)promising adj.有前途的，有发展前景的(1)There is a promise of economic recovery.经济复苏是很有希望的。(2)If you make a promise，you should carry it out.如果你许下了诺言，你就应该遵守。(3)Tony promised her that this would never happen again.Tony承诺她这种事永远都不会再发生了。(2020全国)多维训练(1)同义句改写He promised his son the money.He promised the money to his son.(2)The new movie to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time.A.promises B.agreesC.pretends D.declines答案A解析promise to do有望做，符合题意。agree to do同意做；pretend to do假装做；decline to do拒绝做。(3)Nowadays mobile Internet devices are pushing up demands for online education，which makes people see it as one of the most new markets.A.demanding B.confidentialC.promising D.controversial答案C解析考查形容词辨析。demanding苛求的，要求高的，吃力的；confidential 机密的，表示信任的；promising有发展前途的；controversial有争议的，有争论的。句意为：现在移动互联网设备推进着在线教育的需求，这使人们把它看作最有发展前途的市场之一。故选C。3应试指导词性转换及用法(1)作实义动词，表示“敢，敢于；激(某人做某事)，谅(某人)没胆量(做某事)”，有人称、数和时态的变化，可用于各类句型(肯定句、否定句、疑问句及各类从句等)，其后多接带to的不定式，有时to也可省去。dareto do (sth.)敢于做()daren./pron.谅(某人)没胆量(做某事)；敢于承担，不惧怕daren./pron.to do (sth.)激(某人)做某事，谅(某人)无胆量做()(2)作情态动词，后接动词原形，表示“敢，敢于”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态的变化。I darent ask her for a rise.我不敢要求她加薪。I dare say.我肯定，我敢说How dare you.？你怎么敢？(用以表示对他人举动的愤慨)(1)When I was young，I was very shy.I didnt dare to speak in public.当我小的时候，我很害羞不敢在公共场合说话。(2020湖南)(2)Most people hate Harry but they darent say so.大多数人都对哈里敢怒不敢言。(3)How dare you say such a thing?你怎敢说出这样的话？多维训练(1)You stop me.Even if you it，I wont allow you to swim across the river.A.mustnt；dare not doB.may；dare not doC.can；dare to doD.neednt；dare do答案D解析句意为：你不用阻止我。即使你敢游过这条河，我也不允许你那样做。neednt 没必要；第二个空dare为情态动词，意为“敢，敢于”。(2)The little child go out alone at night，so he walk in the dark that night.A.darent；didnt dare toB.doesnt dare；dare not toC.isnt dare to；dared not toD.doesnt dare to；dare not to答案A解析dare用作情态动词时，后接动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中；当dare用作实义动词时，有人称和数以及时态的变化。根据时间状语that night可以判断本题表述过去的事情，所以正确答案是A。4demand vt.强烈要求；需要；n.要求；需要；所需之物应试指导(1)虚拟语气的考查(2)写作经典句as demanded(3)写作高级词汇demanding(1)demand (of sb.) to do.要求(某人)做demand that.(should) do.要求(2)in demand非常需要的meet/satisfy ones demands满足某人的需要(3)demanding adj.苛求的；要求高的；吃力的a demanding job 一份要求很高的工作(1)First，science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.首先，在中国理科毕业生的需求比文科毕业生大。(2)He demands that he be told/demands to be told everything.他要求将一切都告诉他。特别提醒demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”；作名词引导表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中也用虚拟语气。多维训练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Strike workers demanded to see(see) the manager.My demand is that the information referred to (should) be emailed(email) to Mr.Brown without delay.He found he could no longer cope with his demanding(demand) job.As demanded(demand) in our company，those goods should sign the order in Shenzhen and be paid in RMB.(2)The Harry Potter books are quite popular；they are in great in this city.A.quantity B.progressC.production D.demand答案D解析句意为：小说哈利波特非常流行，在这个城市需求量很大。in great quantity大量地，大批量；progress和production无此搭配；in great demand需求量很大。故只有D项符合句意。(3)The factories are staying open all weekend to try to meet the customers for this product.A.principle B.standardC.pressure D.demand答案D解析考查名词词义辨析。句意为：这些工厂周末都在开工，以满足顾客对该产品的需求。meet ones demand for sth.表示“满足某人对某物的需求”，因此选D。5fall into (a) decline开始衰退on the decline/decrease走下坡路；衰退中；在下滑decline ones offer婉拒某人的提议(1)After all，many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75.毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰退。(2020广东)(2)Although her description sounded wonderful，the price was beyond our range，so we declined.尽管她描述得很好，但价格超出了我们的承受范围，因此，我们谢绝了。(2020天津)(3)There has been a gradual decline in the population of the town.该镇的人口一直在减少。多维训练(1)用适当的介词或所给词的适当形式填空There has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.Thankfully，this is a disease that is now on the decline.Over the past decade，agricultures share of national income has declined (decline) by 10%.(2)According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.A.differ B.shrinkC.fail D.decline答案D解析句意为：据科学家称，我们的脑力在22岁达到最高水平之后便从27岁开始衰退。decline衰退，下降，变弱，符合句意。differ不同；shrink缩小；fail失败，没做成。6seek after追求seek to do sth.设法/试图做某事seek ones fortune外出寻找发财机会；寻出路seek ones advice/help/assistance征求某人的建议/寻求帮助seek (for) a solution to the problem 寻求解决问题的途径(1)Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space.当宇航员在太空睡觉时，寻找一种快速入睡的方法是主要的挑战。(2020湖北)(2)From this experience I have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.从这次经历中我学到了质疑是帮助我们寻求真理的桥梁。(2020湖北)(3)Besides，businesses seek to appeal to customers senses.此外，企业试图吸引顾客的感觉。(2020重庆)多维训练(1)Why do modern people seek after material possessions(追求物质财富)?(2) In the early 1920s，thousands of people went to Australia to their fortune.A.seek B.takeC.develop D.undertake答案A解析seek ones fortune寻求财富，符合句意。(3)For over 100 years，men have for gold in the hills.A.found B.soughtC.research D.discover答案B解析句意为：一百多年以来人们一直在山中寻找黄金。seek寻找，探寻，符合题意。find找到；research研究；discover发现。7多维训练短语填空(1)This factory is equipped with a number of modern machines.(2)Her livingroom is furnished with a comfortable new sofa.(3)Christmas is drawing near and the classrooms are decorated with balloons and flowers.8多维训练(1)用condemn的适当形式填空The government issued a statement，condemning the killing.Political leaders united yesterday to condemn the latest wave of violence.He is often condemned as a troublemaker.(2)The man was to two years in prison for treating his mother cruelly.A.assumed B.arrestedC.accused D.condemned答案D解析句意为：他因虐待母亲被判处两年徒刑。condemn谴责，判刑，符合句意。assume认为，假定为；arrest 逮捕，拘留；accuse控告。condemn sb.to sth.宣告某人要受惩罚，故选D。9多维训练用sight短语完成句子(1)I caught sight of (看见)his tall figure in the crowd.(2)The driver lost sight of (看不见)the car he was following.(3)His face brightened at the sight of(一看到) her.(4)There was no one anywhere in sight(在视线内).(5)She didnt leave until the train was out of sight(看不见了).(6)She kept urging us to have a look at least.We finally did and it was love at first sight(一见到就).(2020天津)10多维训练(1)写出下列句中put up的汉语意思Put up your hands if you have any questions.举起The company is going to put up a new building.建，盖The names of successful candidates will be put up on the notice board.张贴The Browns put up at a small inn for a couple of nights.投宿(2)It was dark.We decided to for the night at a farm house.A.put away B.put downC.put up D.put out答案C解析句意为：天黑了，我们决定在农场暂住一宿。put away收拾；put down放下，镇压，记录；put up暂住；put out取出，熄灭，公布，制造。(3)The plan he at the meeting is under consideration now and the result will be soon.A.put up with；put upB.came up with；come upC.put forward；put upD.came up with；come out答案C解析put up with忍受；put forward提出；come up with想出；come out出版，发行；come up走近，出现；put up张贴，搭建，留宿。句意为：他在会议上提出的计划现在正在考虑之中，结果将很快被公布。根据句意C正确。11However，although he would like to，he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.但是，虽然他很想收回这一承诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。(1)I didnt want to go there，but I had to.我不想去那里，但不得不去。(2)I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.我叫他看电影但他不想去。多维训练(1)Whats the matter with Della?Well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party，but she still .A.hopes to B.hopes soC.hopes not D.hopes for答案A解析后半句意为：哦，她父母不让她去聚会，但她仍希望去。在前一个分句中已出现“go to ”，所以在but后的分句中为了避免重复就省略了“go”，但保留不定式符号“to”。(2)Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? ，but I promised Nancy to go out with her.A.I will B.I like itC.I dont D.Id like to答案D解析句意为：中午你愿意和我一起吃个便饭吗？我愿意，但我已经答应 Nancy和她一起出去了。Id like to后省略了join you，但因为前句中已出现过，就可承前省略，保留不定式符号“to”。12Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene，and it had to be completed by one of his former students，Franco Alfano.不幸的是，普契尼还没有完成最后一幕就因心脏病发作去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的一名学生法兰高阿法奴来完成。(1)句中before引导了一个时间状语从句，表示“在之前”。除此之外，还可以表示“(之后)才；不久就；不等就；以免”。(2)句型归纳：It wont be.before.用不了多长时间就会(before从句用一般现在时)It will be.before.得过多久才(before从句用一般现在时)It wasnt.before.没过多长时间就(before从句用一般过去时)It was.before.过了多长时间才(before从句用一般过去时)(1)Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.我还没有来得及插话，他就为我量好了尺寸。(2)It was a long time before I got to sleep.过了好长时间我才睡着。(3)It wasnt long before he told me about the affair.没过多久他把这件事告诉了我。多维训练(1)写出下列句中before的汉语意思Before he came here，he was in England.在之前It will be some time before we know the full results.得过多久才Before we had walked five miles，Anne complained of sore feet.不到就Put that away before it gets broken.以免(2)We need to get to the root of the problem we can solve it.(2020天津，12)A.while B.afterC.before D.as答案C解析考查时间状语从句。句意为：我们在解决问题之前需要找到其根源。根据逻辑关系可知，“找到问题的根源”在“解决问题”之前发生。before在之前，引导时间状语从句，符合题意。微写作写作素材(关于态度改变)1.汤姆对妇女的歧视受到很多人的责备和谴责。2.后来，他逐渐认识到自己的错误。3.开始寻求别人的原谅。4.他强烈要求人和人之间应互相尊重。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Toms discrimination against women was scolded and condemned by many people.Later，he gradually realized his mistake and began to seek for others forgiveness.He demanded that everyone should respect each other.单项填空1.I doubt if I will come to listen to his speech next time.It couldnt have been in fact.A.any worse B.so badC.any better D.so good答案A解析“否定词比较级”表示最高级意义。根据前一句内容可推知“他的演讲再糟糕不过了”。故A项正确。2.Statistics show that in the first quarter of the year the divorce rate is 14.6 percent.This means about 5,166 families in China every day.A.break down B.break awayC.break out D.break up答案D解析根据上句推断应该是指“家庭的破裂、解体”。break up结束，破碎，终止，符合句意。break down出故障，身体垮了； break away拆除； break out(战争，灾难的)爆发。3.There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.(2020四川，6)A.since B.untilC.when D.before答案D解析考查连词。句意为：还有一天你最喜欢的乐队将会现场演奏。“There is时间before.”为固定句式，意为“还有多长时间，某事就会发生”。4.Jenny was to hear the news that their team didnt win the game.A.cast aside B.cast awayC.cast off D.cast down答案D解析句意为：Jenny听到她们球队没有赢得比赛的消息很沮丧。cast aside扔， 抛， 废弃，废除； cast away扔掉；cast off脱下，解开，摆脱，抛弃；cast down沮丧，泄气，气馁(常用于被动结构或作表语)，所以选D。5.After the students put up a Christmas tree in the centre，the classroom a holiday appearance.A.relied on B.took onC.looked on D.threw light on答案B解析句意为：同学们在教室中央挂了圣诞树后，教室就呈现出一种假期氛围。take on呈现，符合句意。6.Asked about house prices,74.4 percent of people think them unacceptably high，but they are optimistic about the the new measures will bring about.A.decline B.formatC.increase D.tendency答案A解析decline下降，降低，此处指“房价的下降”，在句中指“人们对新措施会带来房价的下降充满了乐观。”7.Tom，you didnt come to the party last night?I ，but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A.had to B.didntC.was going to D.wouldnt答案C解析从上文看“汤姆昨天晚上没有参加晚会”，下文回答应该是“我本来打算参加的”，要用过去将来时。8.If you keep practising your son in football，he to become a famous player.A.wants B.hopesC.promises D.wishes答案C解析句意为：如果你坚持在足球上训练你的儿子，他就有望成为著名的球员。promise to be.有希望，符合句意。9.Little Jim to my home after he broke my mobile phone by accident.A.dared not to come B.dared not comingC.dared not come D.didnt dare coming答案C解析句意为：在偶然摔坏了我的手机后，小吉姆就不敢来我家了。根据dare的用法，选项A、B直接加not为情态动词用法，但是A项后面有不定式，B项后面是动名词，均不正确；根据实义动词用法，选项D错误。故选C。10.You may take them all home .A.even if you can B.if canC.unless so D.if possible答案D解析if possibleif it is possible，是条件状语从句的省略。11.Listeners are often advised to what the speaker is going to deliver in his speech as a whole rather than a point or two in it.A.seize B.snatchC.grasp D.master答案C解析句意为：听众经常被建议要从整体上领会说话者打算表达的意思，而不是只领会说话者的只言片语。grasp抓住，掌握，领会，符合句意。seize抓住，占领；snatch突然抢走；master掌握，精通。12.Its Marys own fault if she feels at the party.She makes no effort to be friendly to people.A.cut out B.stood outC.left out D.made out答案C解析cut out 停止，剪下，取代；stand out突出；leave out遗漏，不考虑；make out明白，理