高一英语Revision of Module I北师大版知识精讲

高一英语Revision of Module I北师大版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Revision of Module II. 本周教学目标与要求：1、第一模块的常考单词归纳，掌握单词的词形、词性和词义。2、第一模块的重点词组和常用结构归纳。3、第一模块的重点句法结构复习。4、第一模块的语法重点提示。II. 常考单词强记：Unit 11、relax, relaxing, relaxed.2、stress, stressful, stressfully3、urgent, urgentlly, urgency,4、person, personal, personally.5、press, pressure.6、organise, organising, organised, organization.7、reduce, reducing, reduced.8、graduate, graduation.9、advertise, advertising, advertised, advertisement.10、otherwise.Unit 21、generous, generosity.2、character, characteristic.3、explore, exploring, explored, exploration, explorer.4、peace, peaceful, peacefully.5、absolute, absolutely.6、promote, promoting, promoted ,promoter ,promotion , promote sb. to sth.7、disable, diability.8、amaze, amazing, amazed, amazement .9、quality, quantity.10、admire, admiring, admired, admiration.Unit 31、tradition, traditional.2、include, including, included.3、celebrate, celebrating, celebrated, celebration.4、destroy, destroying, destroyed.5、power, powerful, powerfully.6、serve, serving, served, service.7、decrate, decrating, decrated, decration.8、invite, invitation.9、produce, producing, produced, product, production.10、adult, youngsters, children. 重点词组归纳：1、suppose认为猜想be supposed to /be expected to 是个固定词组，意思是“应该，有的义务”Supposing(that) you are wrong，what will you do then? 假设你错了，那你会怎么办?2、prefer, preferring, preferred vt.更喜欢，宁愿 preference(1)prefer (doing)sth. to (doing) sth相比，更喜欢(2)prefer to do sth. rather than(to) do sth. 和做相比，更喜欢做(3)prefer+that从句。(4)prefer to dorather than do would rather do sth. than do sth. would dorather than do3、switch on=turn on把开关打开；接通 switch off=turn off关掉；关上switch over (to)转换频道；转变4、go off（1）爆炸；（爆竹、铃等）响The gun went off with a bang. 枪砰的一声响了。（2）（食物等）变坏 This steak has gone off.这牛排坏了。（3）消失 The pain went off. 疼痛消失了。5、take up（1）用尽，耗掉或占用（时间/空间）：The extra duties took up most of my time.（2）喜欢，钟爱，对产生了兴趣或钟爱：Now he takes up mountain climbing.（3）开始从事（一项职业或行当）：He took up art while at school.（4）再次开始；重新开始：Lets take up where we left off.take down 拿起；拆除（构造物）；记下take off (飞机等)起飞；脱下（衣帽等）；（观念，产品等）突然大受欢迎take on 呈现（不用于被动语态）6、complain (to sb.) about/of sth. 向抱怨（诉苦）；叫屈；说自己有病（of）They complained that the wages were too low.他们抱怨工资过低。The boy complained of a pain in his stomach.这孩子说他肚子痛。7、challenge vt. 意思是“向挑战，邀请比赛”challenge sb. to do sth.如：a challenge to sb. to do sth. 挑战某人做某事。8、at the moment at the present time; 此刻；目前；现在for the moment =for the present, temporarily; for now 暂时；目前in a moment very soon一会儿；立刻；马上9、as a result 因此，结果as a result of 因为（的原因）He has passed the examination as a/the result of his hard work.10、come up with 找到，想出办法She came up with a new idea for increasing e up to达到、符合，比得上；come up against 碰到，遭遇。11、found vt.建立，创立foundation n.基础，根据；建立，创办be founded onupon 建立在基础上；以为根据如：This story is founded onupon fact.12、struggle n. 斗争，拼搏struggle against with difficulties 与困难作斗争struggle for power 争夺权力struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来struggle through the snowstorm冒着暴风雪前进13、compete vi.比赛，竞争The two football teams compete for the petition n. 竞争；competitor n. 竞争者；competitive adj. 竞争的，(价格)有竞争力的搭配：compete againstwith sb. in sth. for sth. 在某方面为得到某物与某人竞争14、commit vt .犯（错误），干（坏事）com. mit. ted， com.mit. ting， com. mitsI think he must have committed a crime. 我想他一定犯了什么罪。commit suicide 自杀commit murder 谋杀commit an error 做错事commit a crime 犯罪15、react vi. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用react against 反抗、反对，react on 对起作用、对有影响、对起反应，react to 对作出反应16、use, useful, useless,used to, be used to,use sth. to do sth. Sth. be used to do sth.17、apply /vi. &vt. ,应用，申请；请求application n. 申请，应用； applicant n. 申请人；applicable adj. 可适用的，合适的; applied adj. 应用的，适用的。apply (to sb.) for sth. 向某人申请，apply sth. to sth. 把应用于18、attend vt.出席，参加辨别attend，take part in，join 和 join in的细微差别attend 指出席或参加会议、聚会、讲座等，仅仅表示 go to ,自己并不起积极作用。take part in 指参加活动或在活动中负有责任；有时与join in可互换。join意思是become a member of，加入到某一组织、团体或人群中去，并成为其中的一员。join in通常指参加某种活动，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动。19、contribute vt .捐献，贡献contributing, contributed, contribution.contribute sth.totowards sth. 为作贡献。contribute to 是“有益于; 作出捐款; 促成的因素”的意思20、link vt.连接link A with B，link A and B together 将人或物连接或联系起来。link up with sth.(= connect with sth.) 与连接。(“水域相连”通常用 link up with ,“车辆（道路、交通）”相连用 connect with。)21、as well 也as well 是副词短语，其意为“也”，相当于too，它一般放在句末，有时和连词 and 或 but 搭配使用。22. as well as “还有”, “不但而且”，“以及”。as well as 与 as well 仅一字之微，意义相近，故很易混淆。作为习语用作介词。值得注意的是，语意的重点在A，不在B。因此，“He can speak Spanish as well as English. ”的译文应是：“他不但会说英语，而且会讲西班牙语”，绝不能译作：“他不但会说西班牙语，而且会讲英语。”如果as well as 用作连词引出比较从句，其意为“和一样好”。则“He speaks Spanish as well as English. ”应译作：“他说西班牙语像说英语一样好。”. 重点句式结构复习：1. Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nation, expressing the wishes the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.2. I cant stand singing in front of the class. (Ex.8,L2)我受不了当着全班同学唱歌。cant stand sth./doing sth. 无法忍受stand vt.表示“忍耐；忍受”时，通常用于否定句或疑问句中，常见于cant stand sth./doing sth.(不能忍受)这个短语中3. I couldnt live this lifestyle without a good wife.没有一个好妻子，我就不可能生活得这么惬意。notwithout 表示“没有（就）不”。4. This not only drew public attention to research into injuries but also encouraged a lot of people living with all kinds of problems.5. So you can see, Im far too busy with living to thinking of giving up.6. Traditional moon cake are usually made with bean paste, but nowadays, there are different kinds of moon cakes including fruit, coffee, chocolate and even ice-cream moon cakes.7. We tried to stay awake as long as possible to see Father Christmas but the next thing we knew it was morning. Christmas morning!为了能看到圣诞老人我们尽可能醒着不睡觉，但是我们醒来就是圣诞节的早晨了。to stay awake as long as possible 作 tried 的宾语，其中stay 是一个系动词，awake 是一个表语形容词。. 重点语法知识提示：1、学习一般现在时态和现在进行时态。2、一般现在时态和现在进行时态表达将来的动作。3、复习一般过去时态、过去进行时态和现在完成时态。4、对比一般过去时态、过去进行时态和现在完成时态，掌握它们的用法和区别，进一步强化学生对该语法项目掌握的熟练程度和运用能力。5、主动语态和被动语态的结构和用法。6、被动语态的一些特殊用法（主动表被动，被动表主动等）。7、情态动词的用法。（一）一般现在时态的特殊用法1、在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来动作。如：I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.Shell go to see him as soon as she arrives.2、表示已经安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等动词。如：My birthday falls on May 2.His ship leaves at 9:00 a.m.3、几个由here, there 开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在进行的动作。如：There goes the bell. Lets hurry.Here comes the teacher.（二）现在进行时的特殊用法1、现在进行时常与副词always, constantly 等连用，表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。如The girl is always smiling happily.Youre always making the same mistake.Shes constantly changing her mind.2、用进行时表示过程The leaves on the trees are turning brown.Shes finding that chemistry is much more difficult than physics.（三）一般过去时的特殊用法1、用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?2、用在这些句型中：It is time for sb. to do sth. “到时间了”“该了”It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了”“早该了”It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”Id rather you came tomorrow.3、wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，表示作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。（四）一般过去时和过去进行时的区别1、二者的区别在于过去进行时表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。e.g. My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.2、二者的区别还在于过去进行时表示在过去同一时间两个同时进行的动作。与之常用的时间副词:while,asEg. Robert was moving the lawn while Susan was fixing the car.（五）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Linda didnt finished her assignment.Linda still hasnt finished her assignment.Stanley has already gotten bored with the life here in Toronto.2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来的。He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)（六）动词的语态1. 常用的被动语态有下列几种时态形式。 时间一般时进行时完成时现在am/is/are askedAm/is/are being asked过去was /were be askedwas /were being asked将来will /shall be askedwill/shall have been asked过去将来should /would be askedshould /would have been asked 2. “get + -ed分词”的被动语态“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如： The boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如：get dressed（穿衣服） get divorced（离婚）get engaged（订婚）get confused（迷惑不解）get lost（迷路）get washed（洗脸）get married（结婚）3. 被动语态与系表结构的区别（1）The novel was well written.（系表结构）（2）The novel was written by Diskens.（被动语态）4. 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语（1）在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词（包括短语）容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。（2）某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。5. 主动形式表示被动意义1）少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思wash（洗起来）, clean（擦起来）, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read（读起来）, wear, feel, draw, write（写起来）, sell, driveThe song sounds very beautiful.My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).2）blame, let (出租), remain, keep, rent, buildI was to blame for the accident.Much work remains. 3）在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。6. 被动形式表示主动意义be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marriedHe is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）I. 单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1. Ted couldnt remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A. /;the B. a;/C. /;aD. the;/2. Wed better hurry; well be late._Do you really want to listen to the boring lecture?A. For what? B. Take it easy.C. What on？D. So what？3. Is the car yours?No,_.A. SmithsB. that of SmithsC. the SmithsD. the Smiths4. As _ clear from his manners, he is a teacher.A. beingB. isC. to beD. been5. Is Donny the best one of the three students?Yes, he is _ than the other two.A. a betterB. the betterC. the bestD. a best6. The bridge was named _ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A. fromB. withC. byD. after7. No matter what you say, I shall _ my own opinion.A. carry outB. keep upC. insist onD. stick to8. Last week, I came across the man you think is easy to .A. who; talk B. whom get along withC. who; work withD. whom; talk with9. Liu Xiang is known us a great player of mans 110 meters hurdle.A. by; for B. to ; asC. to ; for D. by; as10. Leave the book it was when you leave the library.A. where B. in whichC. in where D. whyII. 完形填空Giant pandas are beautiful black and white 1 . They look like 2_. They live only in _3 . They are very 4 and peaceful. They like eating 5 . They never eat meat. Baby giant pandas 6 a lot of time drinking their mums milk-more than fourteen 7 a day! Mother giant pandas have only one 8 two babies 9 a time. When the babies are born, they _10_little white mice. There are only about 11 giant pandas in the world now. Sadly its very _12_ for giant pandas to stay alive in the world. Their number is getting 13 because their living places are becoming farmlands. If 14 keep taking the land, giant pandas will have _15_ to live. Also, people 16 them for their fur (毛皮). If this 17 , then there will be no giant pandas in the world. So, what action can we take? We should 18 newspapers and magazines about the giant pandas in China. We should tell them about the 19 for giant pandas. If more people know about these problems, then maybe they will do 20 to help.1. A. plantsB. animalsC. flowersD. trees2. A. lionsB. dogsC. bearsD. monkeys3. A. RussiaB. AustraliaC. ChinaD. India4. A. noisyB. terribleC. activeD. quiet5. A. bananas B. carrotsC. bambooD. cabbages6. A. cost B. affordC. spendD. pay7. A. seconds B. minutesC. hoursD. mornings8. A. or B. and C. but D. then9. A. on B. in C. with D. at10. A. look as B. look at C. look like D. look up11. A. one billion B. one thousand C. one million D. millions of12. A. difficult B. comfortable C. terrific D. enjoyable13. A. bigger B. smaller C. more D. fewer14. A. scientists B. workers C. travelers D. farmers15. A. anywhere B. somewhere C. nowhere D. everywhere16. A. protect B. feed C. help D. kill17. A. solves B. disappears C. continues D. changes18. A. write to B. write about C. write with D. write on19. A. food B. problemsC. lives D. environment20. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anythingIII. 阅读理解AOn Christmas Eve, the night before Christmas Day, children are very happy.They put their stockings at the end of their beds before they go to bed. They want Father Christmas to give them some presents.Mr. Green tells his children that Father Christmas is a very kind man. He comes on Christmas Eve. He lands on top of each house and comes down the chimney into the fireplace and brings them a lot of presents.Christmas Day always begins before breakfast. The children wake up very early. They cant wait to open the presents in their stockings. Then they wake up their parents and call“ Merry Christmas!”Do you know what Christmas mean? Christmas Day is the birthday of Jesus Christ. When Christ was born, many people gave him presents. So today, people still do the same things to each other.1. When does the Christmas Eve come?A. The night before December 24.B. The night after December 25.C. The night of December 25.D. The night of December 24.2. Where does the Father Christmas put the presents?He often puts them_.A. on the childrens beds B. into childrens stockingsC. in childrens pockets D. into childrens shoes3. The windows and doors keep closed, how does the Christmas come into the house?The Christmas comes into the house through_.A. the front window B. the back doorC. the chimney D. the wall4. What dose Christmas mean?A. childrens birthday. B. a festival for children.C. a short holiday. D. the birthday of Jesus Christ.BThe medical world (医学界) is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospital may play an important role in helping patients to get better.As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the museums and into public places, some of the countrys best artists have been called in to change older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2500 national health service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have very valuable collections of present art in passages, waiting areas and treatment rooms.These recent movements first started by one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital on northeastern England during the early 1970s.He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.A common hospital waiting room might have as many as 5,000 visitors each week. What a better place to hold regular exhibitions of art! Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the outpatients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to be Britains first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates.The effect is striking. Now in the passages and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colours, playful images(形象) and restful courtyards.The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.5. Some best artists have been gathered to _ .A. pull down older hospitals and build up new onesB. make the corners of the hospital building roundC. bring art into hospitalsD. help patients recover from illness6. From this text, weve learnt that _ .A. artists in Britain have completely lost their places in modern societyB. patients should be encouraged to learn artC. hospitals in Britain should be changed into art museumsD. art is encouraged to be introduced into British hospitals7. After the improvement of the hospital environment, _ .A. patients no longer need drugs to kill their painsB. patients neednt buy any expensive drugsC. pat