Unit 10 Profits of Praise--词汇讲解

Unit10ProfitsofPraise,Vocabulary,1.profitn.advantageorgoodobtainedfromsth.;moneygainedinbusinessYourmotherdidthatforyourprofit.Whatstheprofitofdoingthatthing?Unlikenonprofitorganizations,wedoeverythingforaprofit.Theymadealotprofitsbysellingillegaldisks.他们出售非法光碟，大量获利。,vt.Thenewbusrouteprofitsthosewhodonothavecars.Toomuchcomplaintwillprofityounothing.Itwillprofityoutoabsorbasmuchknowledgeaspossiblewhileatuniversity.vi.Iprofitedalotby/fromthetripabroad.（从获得好处）Thecompanyprofitedfromhavingdesignedthewidelyapplicablecomputersoftware.Whatdidyouprofitfromthatdeal?,profit长远利益mutualbenefit互惠,互利survivorbenefit遗属抚恤金interest（1）利息capitalandinterest本金和利息（2）利益，好处，裨益（复数）Healwaysseekshisowninterest.,2.exhausting:adj.makingyoufeelextremelytired:Theexhaustingdayreallymademecompletelyexhausted.Ithadbeenanexhaustingday.Theexperimentisverytime-consumingandexhausting.这项实验既费时又费力.,exhaust:v.1)tireout使筋疲力尽Afulldaysteachingexhaustsme.Hedexhaustedhimselfcarryingalltheboxesupstairs.2)useupcompletely用完，用尽Weareindangerofexhaustingtheworldsoilsupply.Havingexhaustedallotherpossibilities,IaskedJantolookafterthebaby.Mypatienceisexhausted.我忍无可忍了。Weveexhaustedthissubject(=finishedthisconversation):letsgoontothenext.(n.)(1)exhaustpipe/tailpipe排气管(2)（排气管排出的）废弃,exhaustion(n.)Sheranandranuntilshedroppedfromexhaustion.她跑呀跑，直到累得跌倒在地为止。,3.weary:adj.verytiredorboredShefoundRachelinthekitchen,lookingoldandweary.Shesatdownwithawearysigh.Hewaswearyoftheconstantbattlebetweenthem.v.tomakeorbecomeweary使疲乏，使厌倦Hebegantowearyofthework.Youarewearyingmewithallthesesillyquestions.,wearing(adj.)tiringIfindhimverywearingwhenhetalksonandon.wearisome(adj.)awearisomeday/task/child累人的一天；乏味的任务，讨厌的孩子wearily(adv.)weariness(n.),4.discourage(vt.)causetolosecourageorconfidenceDontletfailurediscourageyou.=dontbediscouraged.Hewasneverdiscouragedbyhisnumerousmisfortunes.discouragesb.fromdoingsth使某人不愿做某事、阻止某人做某事HerfriendstriedtodiscourageChichesterfromsailingalone.Thebadweatherdiscouragedpeoplefromattendingtheparade.Hisattitudediscouragedmefromtellingthetruth.discouragedoingsth.禁止做某事(反对，阻止，劝阻)Therulesdiscourageusmakingnoiseintheclassroom.,discouragement(n.)courage(n.)Shehasthecouragetospeakup.encourage(v.)MyfatheroftenencouragesmewhenImeetwithdifficulties.encouragesb.todosth.encouragement(n.)Yourwordswereagreatencouragementtome.encouraged(adj.)Theywereencouragedat/bythenews.Iwasencouragedtohearyoullbegivingusyoursupport.encouraging(adj.)Itisencouragingthatsomanyyoungplayersarecomingintotheteam.,5.quit(v.)stopdoingsth.andleaveIvequitmyjob.=Ivequitworking.Hequitschoolbecauseofhispoorhealth.Shehadtoquitsmokinganddrinking,fortheyareharmfultoherliver.她必须戒掉烟酒,因为这对她的肝脏有害。,6.reluctant:v.slowandunwilling:Shegaveareluctantsmile/promise.Maddoxwasreluctanttotalkaboutit.reluctantly(adv.)Hereluctantlyacceptedthejob.reluctance(n.)Heagreed,butwithgreatreluctance/withacertainreluctance.,7.chary:adj.unwillingtoriskdoingsomethingBankswerecharyoflendingthecompanymoremoney.Youshouldbecharyofinvestinganymoneyinsuchariskyventure.你在这样冒险的事业里投资要十分谨慎。,8.graceful:adj.behavinginapoliteandpleasantway:(1)优美的，文雅的agracefuldancer=elegant（2）得体的agracefulapologyHerfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners.gracefully:adv.Sherosegracefullytoherfeet.,grace(n.)Shedancedwithmarvelousnaturalgrace.她的舞姿极其自然优美。ShehadthegracetoadmitthatIwasright.（有气度，雅量）Whollsaygracetoday?（进餐前后的感恩祷告）bythegraceofGod承蒙天恩fallfromgrace失去恩宠,graceless(adj.)-awkwardinmovementorform不雅的/lackingingoodmanners失礼的，没规矩的gracious(adj.)(1)polite,kind,andpleasantBusyasshewas,shewasgraciousenoughtoshowusroundherschool.（2）富裕的，华美的，悠闲的Allthisgraciouslivingisntforme;Iprefersimplelife.,9.defensive:a.（1）usedorintendedtoprotectsomeoneorsomethingagainstattackdefensiveweapons/tactics防御性武器、战术defensiveposition/alliance防守性阵地、同盟Theprincedrewuphisforcesinastrongdefensiveposition.Therocketsareapurelydefensivemeasureagainstnuclearattack.（2）（人或行为）防卫的，守势的，自卫的ShebecameverydefensivewhenIaskedherhowmuchthecarhadcost.(n.)onthedefensive处于防御姿态，采取守势,defend(v.)防御，防护/防守/做（被告的）辩护律师Thecountrycannotbedefendedagainstanuclearattack.defence/defense(n.)thedefenseofonescountry保卫自己的国家theartofself-defense自卫术Hespokeindefenseofjustice.他发言维护正义。defendant(n.)被告defensible(adj.)能防御的；能保卫的；能辩护的defensivefortress/position能防御的堡垒、位置,10.spiteful:adj.deliberatelynastytosomeoneinordertohurtorupsetthem:Shewasspitefulandunkind,bothtoIsabelandtoherson.Itwasveryspitefulofhertodothat.aspitefulremarkspitefully:adv.spitefulness(n.),spite(n.)Imsurehetookmyparkingspacejustoutof/fromspite.有意和我作对inspiteof=despite虽然；不顾；尽管（仍）Iwentoutinspiteoftherain.,11.convey:v.1)totakeorcarrysomethingfromoneplacetoanotherYourluggagewillbeconveyedtothehotelbytaxi.2)tocommunicateorexpresssomething,withorwithoutusingwordsIwillconveytheinformationtohim.Icantconveymyfeelingsinwords.Adsconveythemessagethatthinisbeautiful.Hetriedtoconveyhowhefelt.,conveyance(n.)theconveyanceofgoodsbyroad货物通过公路运输apublicconveyance公共交通工具conveyer/-or运送者，传达者，运输装置conveyerbelt输送带，传送带,12.relay:v.1)topassamessagefromonepersonorplacetoanotherHequicklyrelayedthisnewstotheothermembersofstaff.Canyourelaythenewstotheotherteachers?2)转播Thebroadcastswererelayedbysatellite/toEurope.,n.（1）接替人员,替班Groupsofmenworkedinrelays.轮班工作arelay(race)接力赛跑（2）中断（器）；转播Theconcertwasbroadcastbyrelay.,flatter:v.1)topraisesomeoneinordertopleasethemorgetsomethingfromthem,eventhoughyoudonotmeanit奉承，讨好，向谄媚Perrywouldalwaysflatterherbypraisinghercooking.heronhercooking.Oh,youflatterme.啊，过奖了！flatteringremarks奉承、讨好的话2)togivepleasureto使高兴，使感到荣幸Shewasflatteredattheinvitation/flatteredtobeinvited/flatteredthattheyhadinvitedher.,flatteroneself自以为了不起Theyreallwatchingme.-Youflatteryourself!你真是自鸣得意啊！flatteroneselfthat自以为We-thatweprovidethebestserviceintown.,ment(n.)评论，评语，评注Hemadeseveralunfavorablecommentsabouttheircandidate.Areyouplanningtoclosedownthefactory?-Nocomment!Anycommentsonthethistopicarewelcome.(v.)评论，发表意见Theretiredcoachwillbeinvitedtocommentontodaysfootballmarch.ThespokesmanrefusedtocommentontherecentpoliticalsituationinEastEurope.,commentary(n.)(关于某事件之)连续的评论或报到abroadcastcommentaryonafootballmatch一场足球赛的广播报导commentator(n.)广播评论员，实况解说员afootballcommentator,15.reward(n.)报答，奖赏，报偿/赏金Asarewardforpassingherexams,shegotanewbikefromherparents.Idontexpectanythinginreward;IdiditbecauseIenjoyedit.（报答）(v.)Hewasgenerouslyrewarded.HowcanIrewardyourkindness?rewarding(adj.)Nursingcanbearewardingcareer.,16.glorious:adj.1)verybeautifulorimpressive辉煌的，壮丽的gloriouscolors/day光荣的日子/天气晴朗的日子2)havingordeservinggreatfame,praise,andhonour:光荣的，荣耀的atrulygloriousfutureagloriousvictory,glory(n.)greatfame,honour光荣，荣誉Thosewhodiedinbattleearnedeverlastingglory.在战场上英勇牺牲的人赢得了永恒的荣誉。(v.)gloryin因而喜悦；为而狂喜Theygloriedintheirnewfreedom.glorify(v.)使光荣，给以荣耀Herbravedeedswereglorifiedinsongsandstories.人们用歌曲和故事来颂扬她勇敢的行为。,17.appreciate(v.)(1)bethankfulforYourkindnesstomeisreallyappreciated.Wegreatlyappreciatedwhatyouhavedone.我们十分感谢你所做的一切。(2)understandandenjoyThiswasreallyagoodplay.Everybodyappreciatedit.Iappreciatethatthisisnotaneasydecisionforyoutomake.我完全理解你作出这项决定是不容易的。Deliciousfoodisappreciatedbyeveryone.美味的食品人人喜欢。,appreciateregularWillyougototheroutinemeetinginsteadofme?你代我去参加这次例会好吗?Relax.Thisisjustaroutinemedicalcheck.放松一点，这只是一次例行体检。routinepoliceinquiries警察例行的询问adull,routinejob枯燥乏味的工作,19.dreary:adj.dullandmakingyoufeelsadorbored:thesamedrearyroutineadrearywintersdaydrearily(adv.)dreariness(n.),20.grind:n.somethingthatishardworkandphysicallyormentallytiring:Ifindthejourneytoworkarealgrind.Itwasaterriblegrindgettingupthatlonghill.thedailygrindofthehousework辛苦乏味的日常家务活v.（1）把碾碎/磨成粉；Wegrind(up)thewheattomakeflour.把小麦磨成面粉（2）磨（牙齿）Somepeoplegrindtheirteethwhiletheyreasleep.(3)用功，苦读Theyaregrindingawayfortheirexam/attheirEnglish.,grindthefacesofthepoor压榨剥削穷人grinddown=oppress折磨，压迫，使毫无希望Mostofthepeopleweregrounddownbyhungerandpoverty.grindout机械地写出，机械的作出Shegrindsoutromanticstoriesforthewomansmagazines.,21.scrub:v.(1)torubsomethinghard,especiallywithastiffbrush,inordertocleanit:Shescrubbedthefloor(clean).Hescrubbedthedirtoffhisboots.Thetableneedstobescrubbedclean(2)cancelWevehadtoscrubourplanstogoabroadthisyear.我们不得已取消了今年的出国计划scrubup(v.)（医生）在手术之前刷洗双手和手臂(n.)擦洗Givethatflooragoodhardscrub.把地板好好刷洗一番(n.)灌木丛,22.instinct(n.)本能，天性，直觉Dontaskme;follow/trustyourinstinctsanddowhatyouthinkisright.aninstinctforsurvivalLionshaveaninstincttohunt.instinctive:adj.basedoninstinctandnotinvolvingthought:amothersinstinctiveloveinstinctivebehavior本能行为instinctively:adv.,23.scold:v.toangrilycriticizesomeone,especiallyachild,aboutsomethingtheyhavedone:Donotscoldthepuppy,butsimplyandfirmlysayno.Herfatherscoldedherforupsettinghermother.,24.perceptive:adj.aperceptiveyoungman洞察力强的highlyperceptivecomments颇有见地的评论Youreright.Thatsveryperceptiveofyou.perception(n.)感觉，直觉/洞察力amanofgreatperception一个极有洞察力的人,25.squabble:v.toargueaboutsomethingunimportant=quarrelTheyrealwayssquabblingovermoney.Hessquabblingwiththereferee.,26.quizzical:adj.thinkitisslightlyamusingHesatandwatchedher,aquizzicallookonhisface.quizzically:adv.,27.constructive:adj.helping建设性的，积极的constructiveattitude/suggestion/criticismThepresidentsspeechwasconsideredratherconstructive.Thankyouforyourconstructivecriticismandhelp.感谢您富有建设性的批评和帮助。Studentsareurgedtomakeconstructiveuseoftheirsummervacationtime.,construct(vt.)buildormake建造，构筑，组成toconstructabridge/asentence/anargumentconstruction(n.)建设，建筑工作，建筑业/建造Heworksinconstruction/intheconstructionindustry.Therearetwonewhotelsunderconstruction.,28.favorable(adj.)withapprovalIvebeenhearingfavorableaccountsofyourwork.我一直听到赞扬你工作做的好的话。Hehascreatedaveryfavorableimpression.favorably(adj.)Hespeaksfavorablyofyou.他称赞你。Herbookwasfavorablyreviewed.她的书得到好评。,favor(n.)infavor=popularoutoffavor=unpopularinfavorof赞同，支持dosb.afavor帮忙askafavorofinsbsfavor对有利(v.)赞同，支持/偏爱/有利于,29.consistent:adj.1)continuingtohappenordevelopinthesameway:一贯的，始终如一的Thelastfiveyearshaveseenaconsist