大学英语四级写作专题辅导

.,大学英语四级写作专题辅导,吴少驰江苏大学外国语学院,.,大学英语四级作文评分标准,一、评分原则1CET检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。2CET作文题采用总体评分(GlobalScoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(AwardScores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。,.,4避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。5.字数不足以应酌情扣分。二、评分标准1本题满分为15分2阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一份。3阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分)；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。,.,分数档,4评分标准2分(33)条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分(39)基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分(45)基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分(57)切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分(67)切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。,.,CET4写作评分标准,高分作文基本要求：思想表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误高分要求：句型的多样性经典词组短语的运用亮点词汇,.,写作题型,议论文1.主题型（topic）健康对人类的幸福必不可少；如何保持健康；结论2.观点对比型（AIsaw;Iconquered.JuliusCaesarGovernmentofthepeople,bythepeopleandforthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.AbrahamLincolnStudiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.FrancisBaconSomebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.FrancisBacon,.,排比句式Itcannotbedeniedthattechnologydoeshelpusalot.Internetprovidesuswitheasyaccesstovariousaspectsofknowledgeandinformation;mobilephonesmakeitmoreconvenientforustocommunicatewithoneanother;agrowingnumberofman-madesatelliteshavebeenlaunchedtoprobeintothesecretsoftheuniverse.Withouttechnology,theworldwouldstopdeveloping.Thatiswhyweshouldbeproudofadvancedscienceandtechnologyinthecontemporaryage.,.,排比句式somediscardlitterseverywhere;somecheatintests;somewastefoodoncanteens;somethrowoffensive/insultingremarksatothers;somearealwayslateforclasses;someguysevenwatchpornographicorviolentfilmsindorms.,.,2009.12Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.建设绿色校园很重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境.3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该.,.,1.建设绿色校园很重要Theconceptof“GreenLife”hasgainedwidepopularityamongChinesecitizens.Almosteveryuniversityhasbeenawareoftheimportanceofbuildingagreencampus.Withoutgreenenvironmentitisimpossibleforcollegestudentstohaveanenjoyable/agreeablelifeintheIvoryTower.Furthermore,agreencampusisofbenefittobroaden/consolidatestudentsawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.,CreatingaGreenCampus,.,2.绿色校园不仅仅指绿色的环境Inadditiontogreenenvironment,greencampusesalsorefertodecentbehaviors.However,takingalookaround,wecanfindagoodmanyexamplesofinappropriateones:somediscardlitterseverywhere;somecheatintests;somewastefoodoncanteens;somethrowoffensive/insultingremarksatothers;somearealwayslateforclasses;someguysevenwatchpornographicorviolentfilmsindorms.Infact,ithasbecomeatrendformanystudentstoturnablindeyetotheirownbadacts.,.,3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该Accordingly,itisimperative/urgentforustotakemeasurestomaintaingreencampuses.Foronething,itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedouttobanthesenegativebehaviors.Foranother,weshouldeducate,advocateandencourageourclassmates,friendsandacquaintancestorefusealluncivilizedacts.Ifwedoourutmosttodoso,thefutureofourcollegelifewillbehopeful,promisingandrosy.,.,友情提醒：高分句式灵活运用NowadaysEnglishlearningisverypopularinChina.Inrecentdecades,Englishlearninghasgained/isenjoyingwidepopularityamongChinesestudents.NowadaysEnglishlearningismoreandmorepopularinChina.Inrecentdecades,Englishlearninghasgained/isenjoyinggrowingpopularityamongChinesestudents.Inrecentdecades,EnglishlearninghasfounditsgrowingpopularityamongChinesestudents.,.,首段首尾句句式选择（呼应式写法）1)_has/havegained(is/areenjoying)widepopularityamong_.2)_has/havefoundits/theirwayamong_.3)Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendfor_to_.Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendthat_.4)Thereisagrowingtrendof_.Thereisagrowingtrendthat_.注：首句前加上适当的时间状语,.,2011-06现在网上购物已经成为一种时尚Inthecontemporarysociety,onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularitythroughouttheworld.Forthesakeofconvenience,agrowingnumberofpeoplemakepurchasesonavarietyofshoppingwebsiteseveryday.Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforyoungsterstoshoponline.,.,Inthecontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforyoungsterstoshoponline.Forthesakeofconvenience,agrowingnumberofpeoplemakepurchasesonavarietyofshoppingwebsiteseveryday.Onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularitythroughouttheworld.,.,Inthecontemporarysociety,thereisagrowingtideofyoungstersshoppingonline.Forthesakeofconvenience,agrowingnumberofpeoplemakepurchasesonavarietyofshoppingwebsiteseveryday.Onlineshoppinghasgainedwidepopularitythroughouttheworld.,.,2009-12建设绿色校园很重要Inthepresent-daysociety,theconceptof“GreenCampus”isenjoyingwidepopularityamonguniversities.WithoutgreenenvironmentitisimpossibleforcollegestudentstohaveanenjoyableandagreeablelifeintheIvoryTower.Thusithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforuniversitiestocreategreencampuses.,.,2010-06如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视单词拼写Inrecentdecades,Englishlearninghasgainedwidepopularityamongstudents.Thereisagrowingtrend/tideoflearningEnglishinChina.However,.,题目：MyViewonDoubleBADegree提纲：1.现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见2.对此，人们看法不一3.我对这一现象的看法,练笔,.,MyviewonDoubleBADegreeInthecontemporarysociety,thesystemofdoublebachelorsdegreehasgainedwidepopularityamonguniversitiesorcolleges.Onmanycampusesithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforstudentstohavetwomajorsatthesametime.,.,Tothisphenomenon,differentstudentstakedivergentattitudes.Somestronglyapproveofitinthatadoublebachelorsdegreecanbroadentheirvision,thusputtingtheminamorefavorablepositioninthejob-seekingmarket.Onthecontrary,thosewhostandfirmlyopposedtoitalsohavecogentreasons.Foronething,twomajorsmakeitdifficultforthemtofocusononeparticularfield;foranother,theycanexpandtheirscopeofknowledgebyreadingextensivelyratherthanpursuingadoublebachelorsdegree.,.,Personally,Iamslightlynegativeaboutdoublebachelorsdegree.Inthisdayandage,themoreskilledweareinonespecificrealm,thebetterwecanmeetthesocietysneeds.Accordingly,itisadvisablethatweshouldmakethemostofourcollegelifetoacquiremorespecializedknowledgeandskillstosetthestageforourfuture.,.,MyViewonDoubleDegreeIntherecentdecade,doubleBAdegreehasgainedwidepopularityamonguniversitiesorcolleges.Takingalookaround,wecanseeagreatmanystudentsstriveforit.Tothisphenomenon,peoplewhofavoritareconvincedthatadoubleBAdiplomabuildsupconfidenceinthefiercecompetitionandenablesgraduatestolandanintervieweasily.Bycontrast,thosewhoopposeitcontendthatlearningtwomajorsdeprivesstudentsoftheirsparetimetodoextracurricularactivities.Whatsmore,theyregarddoubleBAdegreeasacertificateratherthanthestandardforweighingapersonscapability.FromwhereIstand,astudentwithtwomajorsstandsabetterchancetofindasatisfactoryjobinthemarket.Therefore,itisessentialthatwepushforadoubleBAdegreeandpavethewayforabrightfuture.,.,观点对比型模板提炼Tothisphenomenon/issue,different_takedivergentattitudes.Somestrongly/firmly/constantlyapproveof/advocateitinthat/as_.Onthecontrary/Bycontrast,thosewhoare/keep/standstrongly/firmly/constantlyopposedtoitcogently/convincinglycontendthat_.,.,Tothisphenomenon/issue,different_takedivergentattitudes.Somewhostrongly/firmly/constantlyapproveof/advocateitarecogentlyconvincedthat_.Onthecontrary/Bycontrast,thosewhoare/keep/standstrongly/firmly/constantlyopposedtoitcontendthat_.,.,Tothisphenomenon/issue,different_takedivergentattitudes.Somestrongly/firmly/constantlyapproveof/advocateit.Theyholdtheviewthat_.Moreover/Furthermore,_.Inaddition,_.Onthecontrary/Bycontrast,thosewhoare/keep/standstrongly/firmly/constantlyopposedtoitalsohavecogent/soundreasons.Foronething,_;foranother,_.,.,(时间状语),_has/havegained(is/areenjoying)widepopularityamong_.Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendfor_to_.Some_strongly/firmly/constantlyapproveof/advocate_inthat/as_.(Some_strongly/firmly/constantlyapproveof/advocate_.Foronething,_;foranother,_.)Onthecontrary/Bycontrast,thosewhoare/keep/standstrongly/firmly/constantlyopposedtoitalsohavecogent/soundreasons.Accordingtotheirpointofview,_.Moreover/Furthermore,_.Inaddition,_.,.,五彩斑斓的英语句子,什么样的句子更加吸引阅卷老师？优美句子的艺术张力何在？优美的句子如何形成？,复杂多样变幻莫测,.,如何避免句式单调?被动式It形式主语/宾语分词作状语TherebeWith复合结构（with+n.结构）非限制性定语从句倒装主语从句名词化,.,被动式人们普遍认为理论与实践是不可分的。Itiswidelyacceptedthattheoryisinseparablefrompractice.学生应该适当重视单词拼写。Dueimportanceshouldbeattachedtospelling.事情应当按照轻重缓急来处理。Priorityshouldbegiventotheurgencyofmatters.只有拥有远大的理想与辛勤的努力才能取得成功。Nosuccesscanbeachievedwithoutaspirationandperspiration.,.,It形式主语/宾语(1)不用说Itgoeswithoutsayingthat(2)值得做某事Itpaystodosth.(3)不可否认ItcannotbedeniedthatItisundeniablethatItmustbeadmittedthat(4)人们普遍认为ItiscommonlybelievedthatItisgenerallyconsideredthatItiswidelyacceptedthatItisuniversallyacknowledgedthat,.,(5)很重要Itisexceedingly/extremelyimportant/essential/crucial/vital/necessary/imperative/urgent(forsb.)todoItisexceedingly/extremelyimportant/essential/crucial/vital/necessary/imperative/urgentthat+主语+(should)do/bedone(6)很流行/普遍Ithasbecomeaprevalenttrend/tide(forsb.)todo,.,(7)使得怎么样makeit+adj.+(forsb.)todo(8)认为怎么样think/believe/consider/findit+adj.+(forsb.)todo(9)想当然认为takeitforgrantedthat(takesth.forgranted),.,分词作状语Takingalookaround,wecanseeagreatmanystudentsstriveforit.Encouragedbyparentsandteachers,agreatmanystudentsstriveforit.EquippedwithadoubleBAcertificate,theycanenhancetheircompetitivenessandpromotetheirdevelopment.,.,therebe结构(1)不可否认Thereisnodenying(thefact)that(2)是没有/几乎没有意义的Thereisno/littlepoint/senseindoing(3)对于人们观点不一Thereisnoconsensusamong_on_/doing(4)也有人持有不同的观点Therearealsosomewhoholdtheopposingopinion.,.,therebe结构的灵活运用1.近几年这个地区的人口锐减。Inrecentdecade,therehasbeenaradicaldecreaseinthepopulationofthearea.2.随着春节的临近，人们回家团圆的心情愈加强烈。TherewasagrowinglongingforafamilyreunionalongwiththeapproachofSpringFestival.,.,with复合结构（with+n.结构）(1)with+n.+adj.(2008.12)有了一次性塑料袋，人们购物更方便了。Withdisposableplasticbagsavailable,peopleenjoymoreconveniencewhiledoingshopping.(2)with+n.+分词(2011.6)有了各种各样的购物网站，为了方便起见人们开始网上购物。Withavarietyofshoppingwebsitesoffered/provided,agreatmanyyoungstersmakepurchasesthroughtheinternetforthesakeofconvenience.,.,(3)with+n.+PP(介词短语)有了双学士文凭，学生更容易找到一份理想的工作。WithadoubleBAcertificateathand,astudentstandsabetterchancetofindanidealjob.,.,非限制性定语从句(2009.6)一些参观者到处乱扔垃圾，对博物馆的环境造成了破坏。Somevisitorsthrowawaythegarbagehereandthere,whichwilldogreatdamagetothesurroundingsofthemuseums.Somevisitorsthrowawaythegarbagehereandthere,(thus)doinggreatdamagetothesurroundingsofthemuseums.词汇拓展：对有害(dodamage/harmto;bedetrimental/harmfulto;exert/haveanegative/badeffect/influenceon),.,(2009.6)政府不得不采取其他方式通过各种渠道募集资金，这样操作起来和控制起来都比较困难。Ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectmoneyfromdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectmoneyfromdifferentchannels,causingsomedifficultyinoperatingorcontrolling.词汇拓展：造成/导致(cause;pose;contributeto;giveriseto;bringabout;resultin;leadto),.,倒装2009.06Onlywithfreeaccesstothislive“database”canpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem.Onlyinthiswaycanfree-admissiontomuseumsbecomealong-lastingphenomenonandhavesustainabledevelopment.,.,(1)only位于句首only倒装触发的前提条件:only+介词短语Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromyourmistake.Onlybyexpandingourscopeofknowledgecanwemeettheneedsofsuchanadvancedsociety.only+副词OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofhealth.Onlythuscanwefinishthetaskaheadoftime.only+从句Onlywhenhewasseriouslyilldidheeverstayinbed.,.,(2)notonlybut(also)(2006.12)春晚不仅能够营造狂热的节日氛围，而且能够使人们更多地了解中国文化。NotonlydoesSpringFestivalGalacreateafeverishatmosphere,butitenablespeopletoknowmoreaboutChineseculture.butitacquaintspeoplewithmoreChineseculture.butitservesasanimportantchannelforpeopletoknowmoreaboutChineseculture.,.,(3)bynomeans/innocase/onnoaccount(2011.12)我们决不能向困难屈服。Bynomeansshouldwegiveintodifficulties.giveinto=yieldto=submittodifficulty/hardship/obstacle/adversity/setback在奋斗的过程中我们会遇到无数困难与挫折，但我们决不能屈服。Bynomeansshouldwegiveintotheadversitiesandsetbackswemeetwithintheprocessofourstrugglingforward.,.,主语从句(what引导)(2011.12)Whatweusuallyseeistheresult,butwhatweignoreisalongprocessofstrugglingforwardandwrestlingwithinternalorexternalobstacles.2010.1290._(给游客印象最深的)wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople.2009.690._(很多人所没有意识到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.2008.1288._(大多数父母所关心的)isprovingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.,.,名词化名词化“是用名词来体现本来要用动词或形容词所体现的过程或特征”。(韩礼德)名词化就是把动词、形容词转化为名词。OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofhealth.onlythendidIrealizethathealthwasimportant.Thereisaheateddiscussionaboutwhetherweshouldattendmilitarytraining.wediscussheatedlywhetherweshouldattendmilitarytraining.,.,InChina,bicycleshavegainedwide/greatpopularityamongChinesepeople.随着春节的临近，人们回家团圆的心情愈加强烈。TherewasagrowinglongingforafamilyreunionalongwiththeapproachofSpringFestival.Moreandmoreuniversitiesareawareoftheimportanceofbuildinggreencampuses.?Thereisanincreasingawarenessoftheimportanceofbuildinggreencampusesamonguniversities.,.,名词化触发的位置：主语、宾语、表语、同位语例：他不断地奋斗，最终取得了成功。Hestruggledconstantly,sohesucceededintheend.降级处理：句子短语strugglestruggle；constantlyconstant;hehishisconstantstrugglesucceedsuccess;intheendfinal;hehishisfinalsuccess连词变为谓语动词socontributeto合并（注意时态与人称）Hisconstantstrugglecontributedtohisfinalsuccess.,.,Technologyisdevelopingrapidly,sothesocietyadvanced.Therapiddevelopmentoftechnologycontributesto/promotestheadvancementofsociety.Theylackstrongwill,sotheywontpursuedoubleBAdegree.ThelackofstrongwilldiscouragesthemfrompursuingdoubleBAdegree.ThelackofstrongwillleadstotheirreluctancetopursuedoubleBAdegree.,.,(2010.6)试卷上绝大多数都是选择题，因此学生忽视了单词拼写。Anoverwhelmingpercentageofmultiplechoicesintestpaperscontributestostudentsignoranceofspelling.Anoverwhelmingpercentageofmultiplechoicesintestpaperscontributestostudentslackofattentiontospelling.,.,Theyreachedanagreementaftertheytalkedforalongtime.Theyreachedanagreementafteralengthytalk.只有相互信任，相互尊重，友谊才能天长地久。Onlyifwetrusteachotherandrespecteachothercanourfriendshiplastlong.Mutualtrustandrespectpromotesalong-lastingfriendship.Mutualtrustandrespectcan/willpromotealong-lastingfriendship.Mutualtrustandrespectisthekeytoalong-lastingfriendship.,.,名词化在英语写作中的应用(2008.12)尽管一次性塑料袋很方便，但是对环境会造成很大的破坏。Disposableplasticbagsdomuchdamagetotheenvironmentdespitegreatconveniencetheybringtous.(2010.6)由于没能掌握有效的技巧，学生对背单词灰心丧气。Failuretoobtaineffectiveskillstomemorizewordsdiscouragesstudentsfromspelling.,.,2009.6Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledFreeAdmissionstoMuseums.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是；2.有人认为这样做会带来一些问题3.在我看来,.,Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareopentothepublicforfreeofcharge.Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoanalyzeastheresagrowingawarenessfortheauthoritiesregardingthepopularizationofculture,knowledgeandhistorywitheveryaveragepersoninoursociety.Onlywithfreeaccesstothislive“database”canmostpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem.,.,However,freeadmissiontomuseumsmightleadtosomesocialproblemsaswell.Ononehand,itmightgivemuseumsaveryheavyeconomicburdenwhichdirectlyhindersthesustainabledevelopmentoftheseorganizations.Asaresult,ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectfundsfromdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ontheotherhand,freeadmissionattractstoomanyvisitors,someofwhommightbringaboutsomedamagetothevaluabletreasureswhichusedtobewell-preservedinthemuseums.,.,Asauniversitystudent,Iaminfavorofthefree-admissionconduct.Yetitisproposedthatsomemeasuresshouldbetakentosolvethepotentialproblems.Forexample,museumscanestablishsomeregulationstoguidethebehaviorofvisitorsorsetsome“closed”daysforregularmaintenance.Onlyinthiswaycanfree-admissiontomuseumsbecomelong-lastingandsustainable.,.,句子重组(ReorganizationofSentences)e.g.我是一个学生，今年23岁，毕业于江苏大学，专业车辆工程。Iamastudent.Iam23yearsold.IgraduatefromJiangsuUniversity.Mymajorisautomotiveengineering.Iama23-year-oldgraduatefromJiangsuUniversitywithamajorinautomotiveengineering.,如何组句？,.,门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。Therewereagroupofumbrellasatthedoor.Therewereatleasttwelveumbrellas.Theywerecolorful.Someofthemwerebigandsomeofthemweresmall.Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolors.,.,张大嫂晚年跟女儿美丽一起生活。美丽嫁给了一个邮局职员，两人对张大嫂照顾的很好。想到这些，我心里无比的欣慰。ChangdasaolivedwithherdaughterMei-Leeinheroldage.Mei-Leemarriedapostalserviceemployee.BothofthemtookgoodcareofChangdasao.Iwashappytothinkaboutit.IwashappytothinkChangdasaowascomfortablycaredforinheroldageasshewenttolivewithherdaughterMei-Lee,whomarriedapostalserviceemployee.,.,这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。Iwasnotquitefamiliarwiththearea.IfIwentonwithmyresearchafterdark,therewouldbelittlehopetogetasatisfactoryresult.Therewaslittlehopeofcontinuingmyinquiriesafterdarktoanyusefulpurposeinaneighborhoodthatwasstrangetome.,.,他原来在南方参加一项建筑工程，任务完成后上格鲁吉亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，头一天才坐飞机回来。HewasengagedinaconstructionprojectintheSouth.AfterhefinishedithewenttoGeorgiaforavacationandenjoyedthesunshineofCaucasia.Itwasnotuntilthedaybeforethathecameback.HehadflowninjustthedaybeforefromGeorgiawherehehadspenthisvacationbaskinginCaucasiasunafterthecompletionoftheconstructionjobinwhichhehadbeenengagedintheSouth.,.,因为距离远，交通工具缺乏，使农村社会与外界隔绝，这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。Becausetheyareremoteandlackingintransportfacilities,ruralareasareisolatedfromtheoutsideworld.Theisolationismoreseriousasthereisashortageofinformationmedia.Theisolationoftheruralworldbecauseofdistanceandthelackoftransportfacilitiesiscompoundedbythepaucityoftheinformationmedia.,.,昨夜有客来访。此公见闻颇多，谈锋甚健，出言命题，新奇绝伦，语藏机锋，总让同伴心旷神怡，耳目一新。Aguestvisitedmelastnight.Hewasknowledgeableandtalkative.Hisnovelanduniqueideasmademerelaxedandhappy.Ifoundeverythingfreshandnewwithhim.Iwaslastnightvisitedbyafriendofmine,whohasaninexhaustiblefundofdiscourse,andneverfailstoentertainhiscompanywithavarietyofthoughtandhintsthatarealtogethernewanduncommon.,.,装模作样被人爱不如本本真真被人恨。Youarelovedforwhatyouarenot.Youarehatedforwhatyouare.Comparedwiththeformer,thatlatterisbetter.Itisbettertobehatedforwhatyouarethanlovedforwhatyouarenot.,.,练习：(1)他没有遵守安全规则，因而车子出了故障。Hedidntobservethesafetyregulations,andthereforethecarstoppedmoving.Hefailedtoobservethesafetyregulations,asaresultofwhichthecarbrokedown.Hisfailuretoobservethesafetyregulationsresultedinanacciden