情态动词can-may-must辨析

情态动词can、may、must的横向辨析 英语情态动词对中国学生来说，确实是一个费解的语法项目。其主要原因是中国学生缺少语境和意境；其次，课本和语法书只是逐个讲述每个情态动词的用法，缺少对每个情态动词之间意义上的横向比较。为了帮助读者清晰地区分它们之间的差异，达到正确运用的目的，笔者就“can、may、must”三个情态动词进行横向对比。 一、表示“能力”。l只可用can（could）。may、must则无此种含义。例：I can swim now，but I couldnt last year. Can you play me piano？Yes，I can2can（could）适用于各种句型和人称。例：肯定句：I（You，He）can swim. 否定句：I（You，He）cant swim. 疑问句：Can I（you，he）swim？二、表示“请求”或“许可”。can、may、must都可用，但语气和程度不同。1can（could）用于各种句型和大部分人称。例：肯定句：You（He，We）can go now否定句：You（He，We）cant go now疑问句：Can I（you，he）go now？Yes，you can（No，you cant）2may（might）用于各种句型，但在肯定句和否定句中不用于第一人称；在疑问句中不用于第二人称。 例：肯定句：You（He）may go now否定句：You（He）may not go now疑问句：May I（he）go now？正规回答：（表定）Yes，you may( 否定）No，you may not（No，you cantNo，you mustnt口语化回答：（肯定）Yes，please（Certainly）（否定）No，please dont（No，of course not）3must用于各种句型和大部分人称。 例：肯定句：I（You，He）must go now否定句：You（He）mustnt go now 疑问句：Must（you，he）go now？肯定回答：Yes，you must. 否定回答：No，you neednt（No，you dont have to） 4试比较：You may not smoke here（不可以）语气轻You cant smoke here（不能）重You mustnt smoke here（决不可）最重三、表示“可能”、“或许”和“推测”之意。can、may、must都可用，但语气和程度不同。lcan （could）常用于否定句和疑问句中，could表示的“可能性”更小。例：否定句：It couldnt be him，for hes at the library疑问句：Can he have gone out？What can they be doing now？2may（might）用于肯定句和否定句中，might表示的“可能性”更小。例：肯定句：He may be right否定句：She might not have e yet3must用于肯定句中。例：You must be very hungry（对现在情况猜测）Asia must have met a fairy（对过去事实的猜测）Everything is clean and tidySomeone must have cleaned my room（同上）4试比较：He might not have gone out（或许没有） He cant have gone out（不可能） He must have been in the room（一定、准是） 以上三句可能性逐渐加大至肯定。练习题：一、说明下列句中情态动词的含义。（A能力；B许可；C猜测）。 （ ） l. “You must write more neatly,” said the teacher （ ） 2. Hes not in the officeHe must have gone to the meeting （ ） 3. Visitors mustnt move and touch the exhibits （ ） 4. The girl can play the violin very well （ ） 5. Can I smoke here？二、用can（could），may（might），must填充。 1. When I was young，I_ run very fast 2. What _ I do for you，Li Hat？ 3. I wonder where Ann isShe _ be with Dick，I think 4. A：That pen _ be his B：No，it _（not）be his 5. Could I use your phone？Yes，of course you _. 真的不掉线吗？、？光荣榜16人1.周安邦100 2.许天舒100 3.刘韵韵 100 4.黄清韵100 5. 迟早 6.戴婕 7. 金莹菲8.盛怡雯 9.卫衣 10.施旻旸 11. 安雨齐 12.傅辰 13.杨璐 14.倪昊毅 15.谢亦舟 16.顾颂毅不合格者：（3人）真的不掉线吗？、？1.朱嘉韵 2.钟屹达 3.孙宇皓 （左蓝右黑）1.面对许多挑战 1.因而被铭记2.捐一大笔钱 2.在这方面3.吸引很多注意力 3.随着科技的发展4.自然旅游胜地 4. 等不及做某事5.一件衣服 5.一套衣服真的不掉线吗？、？第一二单元短语1.来自 2. 一点(修饰不可数名词) 3. like doing sth/like to do sth 喜欢做某事(前者强调习惯,后者强调一次性) 4. write to sb 给某人写信 5. tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事 6. on weekends 在周末 7. go to the movies 去看电影 8. live in 居住在 9. speak English 说英语 10. in October 在十月(在日期和表示星期几的词前用on, 在日期或者星期几的上午下午或者晚上用on,在某年某月某季节前in,在某个时刻前用at) 11. post office 邮局 12. pay phone 投币式公用电话 13. on Center Street 在中心街 14. near here=in the neighborhood 在附近 15. across from 在对面 16. next to 在旁边 17. in front of 在前面 18. betweenand 在和之间 19. turn left/right 向左(右)转 20. on the left/right 在左(右)边 21. take a walk = have a walk = go for a walk 散步 22. have fun = have a good time 玩得高兴 23. take a taxi 乘出租车 24. have a good trip 旅途愉快 25. go down/along 沿着向前走 26. go through 穿过 27. the way to 去的路 28. next Sunday下个星期天 29. on your left/right 在你的左(右)边 30. wele to 欢迎来到 31. the beginning of 在的开始 31. pen pal 笔友 32. the United States 美国 32. the United Kingdom 英国 练习题：用适当的介词填入下列空格中。 1. _ Sundays we often stay _ home. 2. He is_ Australia . He speaks English. 3. Bob lives _ Toronto , Canada . 4. Monday is the beginning _ a week. 5. _ the evening of May 1st, I visited my uncle. 6. There are many people _ Changan Street every day. 7. Does your sister write _ you every month? 8. Please tell me _ yourself. 9. _ weekends, I often play puter games. 10. Excuse me, could you tell me the way _ Mianzhu Library? 11. There were many trees _ the neighborhood one year ago. 七年级英语下册第3-4单元重点短语集锦 1. let sb do sth 让某人做某事 2. kind of 有几分 3. at night 在晚上 4. South Africa 南非 5. play with 和玩 6. shop assistant 店员 7. bank clerk 银行职员 8. TV/ police station 电视台/警察局 9. work with 和工作 10. work for 为工作 11. work hard 努力工作(学习) 12. getfrom从得到 13. give sb sth=give sth to sb把某物给某人 14. in the day 在白天 15. talk to/with 和谈话 16. ask sb questions问某人问题 17. go out to dinners 出去吃晚饭 18. in a hospital 在医院里 19.write stories 写故事 练习题：1-6单项选择题， 7-11根据所给汉语完成句子。 1. He sleeps _ the day and works_ night. A. in; in B. on; at C. in; at D. during; in 2. Tony works _ a magazine. He likes working_ young people. A. for; with B. with; for C. on; with D. for; on 3. It is _ animal. It is _ scary. A. a kind of; a kind of B. a kind of; kind of C. a kind of; kinds of 4. She _ just now. A. gives a book to me B. gave me a book C. gave me it 5. Let him _ you. A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helps 6. Look! Mary is talking _ her two good friends. A. aboutB. toC. onD.for 7. 他们喜欢出去吃晚They like_ _ _ _. 8. 他在医院工作。 He works _ _ _. 9. 杰克学习很努力。 Jack _ _. 10. 这只狮子来自南非。 This lion _ _ _ _. 11. 昨天我儿子从我这拿走了100美元。 My son _ 100 dollars _ me yesterday. 七年级英语下册第5-8单元重点短语集锦 1. talk on the phone 打电话 2. wait for 等待 3. talk about 谈论关于的事情 4. read the newspaper 看报 5.TV show 电视节目 6. on vacation 在度假 7. take a photo=take photos 照相 8. look at 看 9. have a good time 玩得高兴 10. pretty good 相当不错 11. a little bit 一点儿 12. look like 看起来像 13. medium height 中等个子 14. medium build 中等身材 (体格) 15. stop doing sth 停止做某事(注: stop to do sth停下来做另一件事) 16. pop singer 流行歌手 17. house of dumplings 饺子店 18. would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事 19. green tea 绿真的不掉线吗？、？茶 20. remember doing sth “记得做过某事”,此动作已经发生(注: remember to do sth “记得做某事”,即此动作还没有发生) 练习题: 用所给词语的适当形式填空. 1. Is that Peter speaking? No, this is David. Peter _ (read) the newspaper. 2. We _(take) many _(photo) when we went to the Great Wall. 3. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students _ (stop) _ (talk).The teacher said, “Boys and girls, _ (stop) _ (write) a letter to your parents.” 4. Jenny _ (look) like her aunt. 5. Id like _ (buy) a pair of sunglasses. 6. I_ (wait) for a bus in the bus stop. 7. Mona _ (talk) on the phone now. 8. We _ a good time in Chengdu one week ago. 9. Our geography teacher is medium _ ( high). 10. Jay is a pop _ (sing). 11. Listen! Lily and Lucy_ (talk) about their PE teacher. 12. Please _ (look) at the blackboard. 13. There are many TV _ (show) in CCTV. 14. This morning I had breakfast at a house of _ (dumpling). 15. Im so hungry now. I want _ (order) something to eat. 16. I remember _ (tell) you about it. 17. Peter, remember _ (take) a shower before you go to bed. 七年级英语下册第9-10单元重点短语集锦 1. last weekend 上个周末 2. go to the beach 去海滩 3. study for 为而学习 4. stay at home 呆在家里 5. have a party 举行晚会 6. do some reading 读书 7. on Sunday morning 在星期天上午8. go to the mountains去山区；去爬山 9. sit down 坐下 10. watch sb do sth 看见某人做某事 11. look for 寻找 12. Its time to该是的时候了 12. what about 怎么样 13. middle school 中学 14. go shopping 去购物 15. talk show脱口秀 16. practice doing sth练习做某事 17. go on vacation 去度假 18. summer camp 夏令营 19. think of=think about 考虑；认为 20. be lost 迷路；丢失 21. have fun doing sth 做某事有乐趣 22. in the corner 在角落 23. find sb doing sth发现某人在做某事 24. help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事 25. all day 整天 26. make sb do sth 使某人做某事(类似结构: have/let sb do sth) 27. decide to do sth 决定做某事 24. the Great Wall 长城 25. the Palace Museum 故宫 26. Tianan Men Square 天安门广场 练习题: 用所给词语的适当形式填空. 1. I often help parents _ (do) some housework. 2. Its time for the students _ (read) English. 3. Last year I _ (have) great fun _ (play) in Guilin . 4. Old Henry watched his dog _ (play) with a cat. 5. I _ (find) a wallet _ (lie) on the ground just now. 6. On Wednesday evening, we _ (have) a party. 7. I _ (study) for the math test now. 8. Parents often _ (make) me do homework. 9. I decide _ (go) there with him. 10. Yesterday a little boy was _ (lose) in the street. 11. I often practice _ (speak) English with my father. 12. What about _ (dance) ? 13. He _ (sit) down and began to work. 14. He likes _ (do) some _ (read). 15. They _(go) to the mountains the day before yesterday. 16. She _(think) about her life at college when he met his old friends. 七年级英语下册第11-12单元重点短语集锦 1. soap opera 肥皂剧 2. situation edy 情景喜剧 3. agree with 赞同 4. key ring 钥匙链 5. sports show体育节目 6. ask sb about sth 问某人某事 7. show sb sth 给某人看某物 8. enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 9. How about 怎么样 11. mind doing sth 介意做某事 12. school rules 学校规则 13. in class 在课堂上 14. talk loudly 大声谈话 15. listen to music 听音乐 16. have to 不得不 17. in fact 实际上 18. sports shoes 运动鞋 19. the Childrens Palace 少年宫 20. no talking 禁止谈话 21. dining hall 食堂 22. on school nights 在上学的晚上 23.in bed 睡觉，在床上 24. make dinner=cook dinner做晚饭 25. after school 放学后 26. too many “太多”,修饰可数名词；too much “太多”,修饰不可数名词 27. arrive late for class = be late for class上课迟到 练习题：单项选择题 1. He is ill. He has to be _ for two days. A. in the bed B. on the bed C. in bed D. on bed 2. He has _ rules in his house. A. too much B. too many C. much D. a little 3. So_ homework really makes the students feel tired. (2005河北) A. much B. many C. little D. few 4. Do you mind_ a moment? A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited 5. How about _ soccer? Good idea! A. playing B. play C. to play D. plays 6. I dont agree_ what you said. A. to B. on C. / D. with 7. She enjoys _ the piano. A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays 8. Could you show_ ? A. your watch me B. me to your watch C. your watch to me 9. You dont _ tell him about it. A. has to B. have to C. had to D. have 真的不掉线吗？、？快乐English第二册教案清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.： Lesson 1【授课年级】一年级【授课时间】40分钟【学生分析】一年级小学生,热情奔放、求知欲强、活泼好动、喜欢游戏、钟情变化。【教材分析】处于本书的第一单元第一课，邀请朋友一起上学。【教学目标】知识目标:学会并运用“Lets go to school./All right.”听懂、会说、认读单词cat, dog, rabbit.能力目标:能在恰当的语言环境中使用Lets go to school./All right.情感态度价值观:培养学生礼貌地邀请他人一起做事，学会与人合作。【教学重点】学会使用Lets go to school./All right.【教学难点】cat,rabbit的准确发音。真的不掉线吗？、？【教学方式】竞赛，游戏，示范，TPR等。【教学准备】教学挂图，磁带，卡通文具卡片，动画人物头饰（Bob，Xiaohui）等。真的不掉线吗？、？【教学过程】Step1. Greetings and warm-up.1. Free talk.T: Hello, children! Ss: Hello, Sandy!T: Nice to meet you.Ss: Nice to meet you, too.T: How are you?Ss: Fine, thank you. How are you?T: Very well, thanks. Lets sing a song. OK?Ss: OK.2. Sing “Lets play. Lets sing.”Step3. New items.1. Lead in. T:同学们，这首歌曲里的Lets play. Lets sing.是什么意思？Ss: 我们一起玩吧。我们一起唱歌吧。真的不掉线吗？、？T: Right. Lets 表示邀请别人做事情。现在我想邀请大家去一个地方。Listen carefully, please.T: Hi, children. Lets go to school. 同时出示学校图片，帮助学生理解新句子含义。Ss: OK.2.Teach the new word“school”.3.Teach “Lets go to school.”4.Drill and practice.5.老师邀请你们一起上学。那么你想邀请老师做什么呢？S1: Hi,Sandy. Lets play ping-pong.T: All right. S2: Hello, Sandy. Lets play a game.T: All right.S3: Good morning, Sandy. Lets go to the zoo.T: All right.S4: Morning, Sandy. Lets go to Shanghai.T: All right.大家邀请老师，老师是怎么回答的？Ss: All right.T：很好。All right.就相当于我们前面学过的OK.真的不掉线吗？、？6.Drill and practise in groups, line by line, row by row, in pairs.7.Listen to the tape recorder and imitate the pronunciation.8.Practise the dialogue.9.戴头饰表演。10.实践表演。11.学唱歌曲Lets go to school.Step4. Consolidation. Do the activities on the workbook.Step5. Homework.1. Read the dialogue 5 times. 2. Invite others to go to school together.板书设计：Lesson 1真的不掉线吗？、？教学回顾：Lesson 2【授课年级】一年级【授课时间】40分钟【学生分析】一年级小学生,热情奔放、求知欲强、活泼好动、喜欢游戏、钟情变化。【教材分析】处于本书的第一单元第二课，讲授本单元基本句型“Whats this?”【教学目标】知识目标:学会并运用“Whats this?”向他人提问。听懂、会说、认读单词monkey, tiger, panda.会唱歌曲“Lovely animals.”能力目标:能在恰当的语言环境中使用“Whats this?”情感态度价值观:培养学生尊敬师长，乐善好问的礼貌态度。真的不掉线吗？、？【教学重点】学会并运用“Whats this?”向他人提问。【教学难点】tiger和Whats this?的准确发音。【教学方式】竞赛，游戏，示范，TPR等。【教学准备】教学挂图，磁带，动物卡片，动画人物头饰（Annie）等。【教学过程】Step1. Greetings and warm-up.1.Free talk.T: Hello, children! Ss: Hello, Sandy!T: Nice to meet you.Ss: Nice to meet you, too.T: How are you?Ss: Fine, thank you. How are you?T: Very well, thanks. Lets go to school.Ss: All right.2.Sing “Lets go to school.”Step2. New items.1. Lead in. T: Look! Children.Whats this?真的不掉线吗？、？Ss: Cat.T: Yes.A cat. Whats this?Ss: A dog.T: Yes. Whats this?Ss: A rabbit.T: Yes. 现在我找一位同学回答，大家一起帮老师问OK？Ss: OK. Whats this?S1: A dog.Ss: Yes. Whats this?S2: A cat.2.Teach “Whats this?”3.Drill and practise.4.Teach the new words, using “Whats this?”5. Word games.A. Guessing game.B. Qick response.C. Whats missing?6.Listen to the tape recorder and imitate the pronunciation.7.Practise the dialogue.8.戴头饰表演。真的不掉线吗？、？9.实践表演。10. Learn to sing “Lovely Animals.”Step3. Consolidation. Do the activities on the workbook.Step4. Homework.1.Read the dialogue 5 times. 2.Draw a zoo.板书设计：Lesson 2教学回顾：真的不掉线吗？、？Lesson 3【授课年级】一年级【授课时间】40分钟【学生分析】一年级小学生,热情奔放、求知欲强、活泼好动、喜欢游戏、钟情变化。【教材分析】处于本书的第一单元第三课，讲授本单元基本句型“Whats that?”【教学目标】知识目标:学会并运用“Whats that?”向他人提问。听懂、会说、认读单词Donald Duck, Mickey Mouse, Monkey King.能力目标:能在恰当的语言环境中使用“Whats that?”情感态度价值观:培养学生团结友爱，合作学习。【教学重点】学会并运用“Whats that?”向他人提问。【教学难点】mouse和mouth的发音比较。【教学方式】竞赛，游戏，示范，TPR等。【教学准备】教学挂图，磁带，动物卡片，动画人物头饰（Billy）真的不掉线吗？、？等。【教学过程】Step1. Greetings and warm-up.1.Free talk.T: Hello, children! Ss: Hello, Sandy!T: Nice to meet you.Ss: Nice to meet you, too.T: How are you?Ss: Fine, thank you. How are you?T: Very well, thanks. Lets go to school.Ss: All right.2.Sing “Lets go to school.”Step2. New items.1. Lead in. T: Look! Children.Whats this?（近）Ss: A cat.T: Yes. Whats that?（远）Ss: A dog.T: Right. Whats this?真的不掉线吗？、？Ss: A rabbit.T: Yes. Whats that?Ss:A monkey.T: Right. Whats this?Ss: A tiger.T: Yes. Whats that?Ss: A panda.T: Right. 现在老师要看看谁刚才观察地最仔细。老师每次发问用的是同一个句子吗？Ss: 不是。是两个句子。T: 那么谁来说说老师是用哪两个句子提问的？S1: Whats this? 和Whats that?T: Right. 那么老师是在什么情况下用Whats this?又是什么时候用的Whats that?S2: 近处用Whats this?远处用Whats that?T: Right.2.Teach “Whats that?”强调th 的发音。3.Drill and practise.4.Teach “Right.”相当于前一课的“Yes.”都有答对了的意思。扩展right的第二语意“右边”。真的不掉线吗？、？5.Teach the new words, using “Whats this?”“Whats that?”6. Word games.A. Guessing game.B. Qick response.C. Whats missing?6.Listen to the tape recorder and imitate the pronunciation.7.Practise the dialogue.8.戴头饰表演。9.实践表演。Step3. Consolidation. Do the activities on the workbook.Step4. Homework.1.Read the dialogue 5 times. 2.Draw your favourate animal.板书设计：Lesson 3真的不掉线吗？、？教学回顾：Lesson 4【授课年级】一年级【授课时间】40分钟【学生分析】一年级小学生,热情奔放、求知欲强、活泼好动、喜欢游戏、钟情变化。【教材分析】处于本书的第一单元第四课，在“Whats this?”“Whats that?”基础上讲授本单元基本句型“Whats this in English?”“Whats that in English?”【教学目标】知识目标:学会并运用“Whats this in English?”真的不掉线吗？、？“Whats that in English?”向他人提问。听懂、会说、认读单词pig, lion, cow.能力目标:能在恰当的语言环境中使用“Whats this in English?”“Whats that in English?”情感态度价值观:培养学生团结友爱，礼貌待人。【教学重点】学会并运用“Whats this in English?”“Whats that in English?”向他人提问。【教学难点】lion的正确发音。【教学方式】竞赛，游戏，示范，TPR等。【教学准备】教学挂图，磁带，动物卡片，动画人物头饰（Linda）等。【教学过程】Step1. Greetings and warm-up.1.Free talk.T: Hello, children! Ss: Hello, Sandy!T: Nice to meet you.Ss: Nice to meet you, too.T: How are you?真的不掉线吗？、？Ss: Fine, thank you. How are you?T: Very well, thanks. Lets go to school.Ss: All right.2.Sing “Lets go to school.”Step2. New items.1. Lead in. T: Look! Children.Whats this?（近）Ss: A cat.T: Yes. Whats that?（远）Ss: A dog.T: Right. Whats this in English?Ss: A rabbit.T: Yes. Whats that in English?Ss:A monkey.T: Right. Whats this in English?Ss: A tiger.T: Yes. Whats that in English?Ss: A panda.T: Right. 前两天我们学习了“Whats this?”“Whats that?”句型。今天我们将这两个句型完善一下。真的不掉线吗？、？2.Teach “Whats this in English?”“Whats that in English?”再次强调近处用Whats this in English?远处用Whats that in English?3.Drill and practise.a/ Teacher ask, Ss answer. Then exchange.b/ Boys ask, girls answer. Then exchange.c/ One student ask and the others answer. Then exchange.d/ Ask and answer in groups or in