黑龙江省牡丹江市第三高级中学2020学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）

2020年学年度第二学期期末考试高二英语试卷第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AScientists are studying different foods, and they will see which foods protect us from cancer(癌症), and which cause it. It is known that a healthy diet(饮食) will help keep a healthy body weight, which can also decrease the risk(风险) of many types of cancer.Fruit and vegetablesFruit and vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet. They can decrease the risk of some cancer types like mouth and throat cancer. They are a good source of many important nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and are an excellent source of fiber.Our adviceTry to get plenty of fruit and vegetables in your diet. Eating fruit and vegetables with a variety of colors will help you get many kinds of vitamins and minerals as the chemicals that give these foods their colors are good for you.MeatEating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.Our adviceEat smaller and fewer parts of red and processed meat. Try using beans or peas instead of meat in your diet. When you cook meat, use low-temperature methods.FatFat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases. Meat is higher in saturated fat(饱和脂肪) and eating too much saturated fat may increase your risk of breast cancer.Our adviceTry not to eat too much fatty foods. In particular, try to cut down on saturated fat contained in fatty meat, biscuits, and butter. Try to avoid frying foods in lots of oil.1. According to the passage, fruit and vegetables _.A. are an excellent source of fiberB. will help you get all kinds of vitamins and mineralsC. are an only necessary part of a healthy dietD. can increase the risk of some cancer types like mouth and throat cancer2. What can we know about meat from the passage?A. Eating processed meat is better than eating beans.B. Processed meat is a part of a healthy diet.C. Meat should be cooked at a high temperature.D. Eating chicken is better than eating sausage.3. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Saturated fat leads to breast cancer.B. Foods with fat will cause heart disease.C. A healthy diet should contain fat.D. Butter belongs to low-fat foods.【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇饮食健康类短文阅读。健康的饮食可以保护我们免受癌症，反之可能让我们容易患癌症。文章主要从水果和蔬菜、肉、脂肪三个方面告诉我们饮食中的注意点和建议。1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段They are a good source of many important nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and are an excellent source of fiber.可知，蔬菜和水果是纤维的极佳来源。故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.可知，吃加工肉类会增加胃癌的风险，而白肉，比如鸡肉，不太可能增加你患癌症的风险，所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容Fat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases.可知，脂肪是我们饮食中必不可少的一部分，所以推测出健康的饮食应该包含脂肪。故选C。【点睛】推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题2中就是根据文章第四段Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.可知，吃加工肉类会增加胃癌的风险，而白肉，比如鸡肉，不太可能增加你患癌症的风险，所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。BCharlie is a teacher and his wife, Maria is an artist. The night before last, just before the longest day of the year, Charlie was sitting in a deckchair enjoying the warm summer air when Maria touched his shoulder and he could tell immediately she was a little worried about something. He asked her what the matter was and she replied that there was a strange thing on the jacket that was hanging in the bedroom. They had both lived in the West Indies (西印度群岛) and had seen a lot of strange creatures in their house before. But now they were living in England and so Charlie just laughed and said he would have a look at the “thing”.He walked to the bedroom. He saw a jacket hanging in the bedroom and went up to it to have a closer look at the “thing”. The moment he touched it, the thing sprang into life. Now Charlie experiences fear like the rest of us but when this creature opened its wings, he jumped out of his skin and ran screaming from the room like a small child doing about 100 miles an hour.For a moment the next-door neighbours thought that Charlie was murdering his wife because of the noise they could hear. In fact, it was a bat that frightened Charlie.Eventually Charlie managed to trap the bat in a box and took it to the garden to let the bat fly. Maria, who had been playing the guitar while Charlie was upstairs, asked Charlie if he had found out what the thing was. “Oh, nothing to worry about”, he said casually hoping that the terror could not be seen in his eyes, “it was just a bat.”4. Why was Maria a little worried one night?A. Because she couldnt find her guitar.B. Because she saw something strange.C. Because it was too hot for her.D. Because she had quarreled with her husband.5. The underlined part “jumped out of his skin” in the second paragraph probably means _.A. stood upB. was very frightenedC. threw off his clothesD. was very excited6. What happened to the bat?A. It was killed by Charlie.B. It was badly wounded.C. It was set free by Charlie.D. It was kept as a pet.7. It can be inferred that _.A. Charlie was afraid that his wife would laugh at him if she knew the truthB. the neighbours would report to the police about Charlie murdering the batC. the bat wouldnt come to Charlies room again because it was frightenedD. Maria heard her husband screaming downstairs and became frightened【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲了一天晚上，Maria看到了一些奇怪的东西，有些担心。她的丈夫Charlie过去看时，发现是一只蝙蝠。Charlie也很害怕，但是还是想办法把蝙蝠赶出去了。【4题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第一段He asked her what the matter was and she replied that there was a strange thing on the jacket that was hanging in the bedroom.可知一天晚上，Maria有些担心是因为她看到了一些奇怪的东西，故选B。【5题详解】词义猜测题。在上文Now Charlie experiences fear like the rest of us but when this creature opened its wings,发现线索词fear，由此推知he jumped out of his skin的意思是非常害怕，故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段Eventually Charlie managed to trap the bat in a box and took it to the garden to let the bat fly.（最后，Charlie设法把这只蝙蝠困在一个盒子里，把它带到花园，让这只蝙蝠飞走了。）故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Charlie 说的话“Oh, nothing to worry about”, he said casually hoping that the terror could not be seen in his eyes, “it was just a bat.”（“没什么可担心的”他随口说，希望不要从他的眼里看到恐惧。）由此推断出，Charlie害怕他的妻子知道事实，嘲笑他，故选A。【点睛】细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。文章讲了一天晚上，Maria看到了一些奇怪的东西，有些担心。她的丈夫Charlie过去看时，发现是一只蝙蝠。Charlie也很害怕，但是还是想办法把蝙蝠赶出去了。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1在He asked her what the matter was and she replied that there was a strange thing on the jacket that was hanging in the bedroom.中发现关键词a strange thing，可知一天晚上，Maria有些担心是因为她看到了一些奇怪的东西，故选B。CTeenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults.A study，which included nearly 1，400 high school students，found those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than peers(同龄人）five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures?On the one hand，people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers，may snack more，and that may affect their long-term diet quality.On the other hand，TV ads for fast food，sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods. And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids.Lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. Barr-Anderson，of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis，told Reuters Health a clear correlation between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood. While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food , those whod watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake(吸收)of fruits，vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion，parents should limit and monitor TV viewing.As far as I am concerned，children should watch no more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right，being physically active and curbing their own TV time.8. Whats the best title for this passage?A. People should keep away from TV to keep healthy.B. Teenagers TV time may affect their diets later.C. Why do teenagers like TVD. Parents own habits may affect children later.9. According to the passage，heavy TV viewers tend toA. eat more fruitsB. eat less junk foodC. take in fewer vegetablesD. take in high-calcium food10. What suggestion does the author give the parents？A. They must watch TV with their children.B. They should forbid the children to watch TV.C. They should pay attention to nutrition in diets.D. They cant do what they dont want their children to do.11. The underlined word“curbing in the last paragraph can be replaced byA. controllingB. checkingC. addingD. stopping【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，研究人员发现看电视时间太长会对年轻的饮食产生影响，文章对此内容做了具体说明，并建议父母亲给孩子树立良好榜样。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults.”可知观看电视太久会对年轻人的饮食产生影响。故B项正确。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food , those whod watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake(吸收)of fruits， vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion， parents should limit and monitor TV viewing.”可知看电视太多的人会吃太多的垃圾食品，而看电视较少的人通常会吃较多的蔬菜、水果等。可知看电视多的人吃的蔬菜相对较少，故C项正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“And parents should set a good example by eating right，being physically active and curbing their own TV time.”可知父母亲应该给孩子树立一个良好的榜样，不要做他们不希望孩子做的事情。故D项正确。【11题详解】猜测词义题。本文主要讲述的就是要减少年轻人看电视的时间，最后一句“And parents should set a good example by eating right，being physically active and curbing their own TV time.”建议父母亲给孩子树立好的榜样，要积极锻炼并控制减少看电视的时间。该词与“control”语义相近，故A项正确。DPeople always think men are more skilled than women in driving. Nowadays women appear to have a positive image of themselves as safer drivers than men.In a survey done by insurer MetLife, 51% of women said they drive more safely. The evidence is on their side: Men are 3.4 times more likely than women to get a ticket for careless driving and 3.1 times as likely to be punished for drunk driving. “Women are on average less aggressive and more law abiding(手法的) drivers, which leads to fewer accidents,” the report says. However, not all male drivers share the same opinion. Of the men surveyed by MetLife, 39% claimed male drivers were safer. The findings did back them up on one point: automotive knowledge. The report showed that more men are familiar with current safety equipment such as electronic stability control, which helps prevent rollover accidents.Auto safety unavoidably matters to money. Insurance companies focus on what classes of drivers have the lowest dollar amounts of claims, and for now, that mainly includes women. In general, women pay about 9% less for auto insurance than men. A study by the website Insweb also showed that auto insurance rates are lower for women in most states. Among individual states, women get the greatest advantage in Wyoming(where they pay 20% less), South Dakota and Washington, D.C., where their insurance costs are 16% lower.“More than 11,9000 male drivers died in U.S. traffic accident in 2020, compared with just under 4,900 women drivers,” according to the study. “Based on miles traveled, men died at a rate of 2.5 deaths per 100 million miles traveled, vs. 1.7 deaths for women.”12. According to the study, male drivers _.A. are less aggressive while drivingB. are more skilled at auto knowledgeC. are more likely to stick to driving lawsD. are less familiar with safety equipment13. Insurance companies focus on female driver clients(客户) probably because they _.A. cause more accidents on the road but ask for littleB. cause little damage and pay more money to the insurance companiesC. are more careful drivers and cause less damageD. make up the most part of the insurance clients14. We can infer from the passage that _A. men are 3.1 times more likely to get tickets than womenB. all women in the USA pay the same for their auto insuranceC. more female drivers die every year than male driversD. women are generally safer drivers than the opposite sex15. The writer mainly develops paragraphs by _.A. giving examplesB. making comparisonsC. drawing a conclusionD. presenting an argument【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了通过问卷调查的方式比较男性和女性谁开车更安全，结果发现女性司机比男性司机开车更安全，事故更少。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The findings did back them up on one point: automotive knowledge”可知，调查发现男性司机的汽车知识更好，故B项正确。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Insurance companies focus on what classes of drivers have the lowest dollar amounts of claims, and for now, that mainly includes women. In general, women pay about 9% less for auto insurance than men.”可知，女性司机比男性司机付的汽车保险费用更低，再结合最后一段的事故数据可推知，保险公司专注于女性司机是因为她们比男性司机更谨慎，车损更少，故C项正确。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段的事故数据可知，女性司机比男性司机开车更安全，事故更少，故D项正确。【15题详解】写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章每段都对男性司机和女性司机作比较的角度来看，例如女性司机比男性司机付的汽车保险费用更低，事故更少，所以文章是通过作比较展开的，故B项正确。第二节 （共5小题; 每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Smarter StudyingHow did you learn how to ride your bike? Someone probably gave you a few lessons and then you practiced a lot. _16_No one is born knowing how to study. You need to learn a few study skills and then practice them.Pay attention: Good studying starts in classWhen you pay attention in class, you are starting the process of learning and studying, Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Is it hard to see the board? _17_Good notes = Easier studying_18_Try your best to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. Its also a good idea to keep your notes and papers organized by subject._19_Waiting until Thursday night to study for Fridays test will make a night no fun! It also makes it hard to do your best. Were all guilty （内疚的）about putting things off sometimes. One of the best ways to make sure that doesnt happen is to make a schedule of what to do.Sleep tight(充分地)So the test is tomorrow and youve followed your study plan, but suddenly you cant remember anything! Dont panic(恐慌). _20_Try to get a good nights sleep and youll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morningA. Plan aheadB. Break it upC. You can learn how to study in the same way.D. Your brain needs time to digest（消化） all the information youve given it.E. Be sure to ask your teacher for help if youve confused about something.F. Start by writing down facts that your teacher writes on the board during the class.G. Tell your teacher about any problems that are preventing you from paying attention.【答案】16. C 17. G18. F 19. A20. D【解析】本文就如何聪明地学习给出了一些建议。【16题详解】根据上下文可知本段主要讲的是学习方式的问题，根据前一句，一些人可能教教你，然后你自己做很多练习。可知此处指的是，你也可以用同样的方法来学会如何学习。故选C。【17题详解】前两句说的是，你坐在一个很吵的人旁边吗？你很难看见黑板吗？选项G“把这些影响你集中注意力的问题告诉你的老师。”与上文意思一致，故为最佳答案。【18题详解】本段主要讲的是做好笔记的问题。根据后一句：尽量书写工整，因此你以后可以看你的笔记。可知本句指的是有关写笔记的事情。故选F，把课堂上老师写在黑板上内容写下来，以此开始。【19题详解】本段主要讲的是做好学习计划的问题。故选项A“预先计划”为最佳答案。【20题详解】本段主要讲的是有关休息的问题。根据后一句，晚上尽量好好睡一觉，在早晨你就会惊讶地发现你又想起了什么。可知此处指的是大脑也需要休息。故选D，你的大脑也需要时间来消化你所有学到的东西。第二部分：英语知识运用 (共两节，满分75分)第一节：完形填空（共40小题；每小题1.5分，满分60分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AScientists find that hardworking people live longer than average men and women. Career women are _21_ than housewives. Evidence shows that the _22_ are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows _23_ the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate _24_ correspondingly (相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is _25_ to health.Why is work good for health? It is _26_ work keeps people busy, away from loneliness and solitude (孤独). Researches show that people feel _27_, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are _28_. Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when working hard. Work serves as a _29_ between man and reality. By work, people _30_ each other. By collective (集体的) activity, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work _31_ the loss of everything. It affects (影响) man spiritually and makes him liable to (易于) _32_._33_, work gives one a sense of achievement (成就感). Work makes one feel his _34_ and status in society. When a _35_ finishes his writing or a doctor successfully _36_ a patient or a teacher sees his students _37_, all of them will be happy beyond _38_.From the above we can _39_ the conclusion (结论) that the more you _40_, the happier and healthier you will be. Let us work hard, study well and live a happy and healthy life.21. A. clevererB. healthierC. weakerD. worse22. A. beautifulB. injuredC. joblessD. sick23. A. wheneverB. whetherC. thoughD. since24. A. staysB. c