河北省张家口一中高中英语 Unit 3 A Healthy Life language points 学案 选修6VIP

Unit 3 A Healthy Life一、 基础词汇：1. 香烟n. 一包烟烟草n. 烟草公司 2. 酒，酒精n. 酒精的，含酒精的adj. 工作狂n.3. 滥用；虐待n./vt. 酗酒 嗜毒abuse ones power/trust/confidence4. 健康n. 健身中心_adj./ v. fit 保持健康5. 性，性别n. adj. 性健康 homosexual6. 压力，重音；强调n./vt. adj. / lay/place stress on sb.in time of stress be stressed give stress to the second syllablestress the importance of I must stress that.7. 禁止；禁令n./ vt. a ban on plastic bags ban sb. from doing sth.8. 欠款的；到期的；合适的adj. be due to do sth be due for sth.由于（短语）due to = owing to9. 粗糙的，粗暴的adj. a tough game/assignment/problem/journeytough measures10. 入了迷的，上瘾的adj. 对(做)某事上瘾11. 使习惯于vt. accustom oneself to sth/doing sthbe/get/become accustomed to sth/doing sth12. 撤回；退出；提款vt./vi. n.撤军 withdraw from13. 心情/心境/脾气n. 脾气不好 发脾气 ones temper忍住怒火 ones temper 脾气不好的 性情温和的14. 自动的adj. an automatic washing machine/rifledo sth. automatically15. 精神的，智力的adj. 心理健康adv. He was mentally disturbed.16. 停止，离开vi./vt. If you dont give me a pay rise, Ill quit/quit this job.17. 效果；影响n. have an effect on put/bring sth into effectcome into effect take effect in effect18. 呼吸n. take a breath hold ones breath out of breath=breathless19. 强壮的adj. 强烈地adv. 力量，力气n. 加强，巩固vt.20. 放松vt. relax oneself adj. / 放松n.21. 失望n. 令某人失望的是 in disappointment22. 虚弱的，软弱的adj. n. vi./vt. weaken ones faith in23. 惭愧的，害羞的，羞耻的adj. be ashamed to do sth./of doing sth.可耻的 不道德的adj. 羞耻，惭愧；耻辱；令人遗憾的事n.24. 尽管in spite of = despite =regardless of in spite of the fact that=though25. 冒险；风险vt./n. risk doing sth. risk ones life to do sth.run/face/at the risk of doing sth. at risk26. 合法的，法律的adj. adv. 违法的adj. adv.27. 生存，幸免于难vi./vt. n. 在地震中幸存v.n. arrive withdraw refusal_proposal disposal remove 28. 注射vt. inject ones leg/arm n.29. 偏见n. a prejudice modern music racial prejudice30. 使窘迫，使尴尬vt. adj. / n.31. 局促不安的，笨拙的adj. feel awkward be awkward with二、 精讲词汇l abuse n./vt. 滥用，妄用；虐待alcohol/drug abuse child abuseHe was accused of corruption and abuse of power. 他被指控She suffered years of physical abuse. 她遭受了多年的to abuse alcohol/drugsHe felt that they abused his trust by talking about him to the press.他感到他们向报界透露有关他的情况是All the children here were physically and emotionally abused.所有这些儿童(Answer: 酗酒/嗜毒 ; 虐待儿童; 贪污和滥用职权; 肉体摧残。酗酒/嗜毒 ; 辜负了他的信任 ; 的身心都受到了摧残。)l stressn. （精神或物理）压力，强调，重音 lay/put/place stress on sth. 强调，着重于vt. 强调Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.We worked on pronunciations, stress and intonation.I must stress that everything I told you is strictly confidential.I think the company has places too much stress on cost and not on quality.When you have an injury you start putting stress on other parts of the body.【拓展】in times of stress 在紧张的时候stressful adj. 压力重的，紧张的stressed adj. 焦虑不安的，心力交萃的(Answer:精神压力 ; 重音 ; 强调（v.）; 强调（n.）;（物理）压力)l Do you think smoking should be banned?ban vt. (banned, banned)禁止，取缔 to forbid sth. officially; to forbid sb. to do sth. officiallyban sth. We started a campaign to ban chemical weapons.ban sb. from (doing) sth. He was banned from driving for six months.ban n. 禁令There is to be a total ban on playing computer games in the office during work hours.【区别】ban / forbid ban(banned, banned)来自法律或者社会舆论、道德的压力，尤指官方命令，常含“严厉谴责”之意。ban sth.ban sb. from (doing) sth.forbid(forbad, forbidden)常用词，指权威者（可以是个人，如家长、主人、雇主、医生，可以是国家或政府机关）的禁止或不允许forbid sb. to do sth.forbid doing【练习】a) We are from drinking alcohol during working hours.b) The doctor him to smoke.(Answer: banned ; forbad )l I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.due adj. 欠款的，预定的，到期的（不置于名词前）；合适的（只位于名词前）The bands first album is due for release later this month.The next train is due in five minutes.Payment is due on October 22, 2020.After due consideration, we decided to appoint Mr. Smith to the job.(Answer: 预定的 ; 预定的 ; 到期的; 合适的)due to 由于，因为（不能置于句首，在句中做定语、表语或状语）The delay was due to heavy traffic.Later she was released due to poor health.Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。【相关搭配】be due to do 预期做某事，预定要做某事be due to sth./ sb. / doing sth. 归因于，欠某人be due for sth. 应有，应得到这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。Rose一月份就要开始上学了。 in January.她很快该晋升了。 promotion soon.(Answer: The teams success was largely due to her efforts.Rose is due to start school . She is due for promotion soon)l You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarette.be addicted to (doing) sth. 对（做）某事入迷/上瘾He football.If this is the case, people shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit.【拓展】addict n. 瘾君子，对成瘾的人 a work addict/workaholic 工作狂addiction n. 瘾，入迷，嗜好He is now fighting his addiction to alcohol.addictive adj. 使人上瘾的，使人入迷的 I find jogging addictive.(Answer: was addicted to ; addicted to)l This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early.be accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于（做）某事I humble fare. 我习惯了粗茶淡饭。My eyes slowly grew the dark. 我的眼睛慢慢适应了黑暗。She was a person having eight hours sleep at night.她是那种习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。accustom oneself/sb. to sth. 使某人习惯于适应新工作accustomed adj. 惯常的，习惯了的He sat by the fire.他在炉火边惯常坐的座位上坐了下来。(Answer: am accustomed to; accustomed to; accustomed toaccustom oneself to a new job; in his accustomed seat )l So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms.withdrawal n. 撤走，收回；退出；取钱，提款；脱瘾过程，戒毒过程withdraw vt. 撤回，撤离；退出；提款，取钱；【练习】Id like to from my savings account.我想从我的储蓄账户上提取1000美元。I want to I made earlier.我想收回我早些时候发表的一项声明。The general decided to . 那位将军决定撤军。You can make withdrawals of up to $250 a day.He changed his mind and withdrew all his invitations.(Answer: withdraw 1000 dollars; withdraw a statement; withdraw his soldiers.你一天可以提取最多不超过250美元。 他改变了决定并撤销了所有的邀请。)l When I was young, I didnt know much about the harmful effects of smoking.effect n. C/U 结果，效力，作用，影响However, they have side effects, which will damage your health.Many teachers worried about .许多教师担心电视对年轻人的影响。l have an effect on/upon 对产生影响，对起作用Early people . 早期人类对环境没有多少影响。This experience had a profound effect on Tom.l bring/put sth. into effect 使生效，实行，实施l come into effect 生效，开始实施A new system of taxation will next May.新的税收体系将会在明年五月生效。l in effect 实际上，事实上；在实施中，有效_ 这些法律在20个州有效。His wife had, , run the government for the past six months.事实上，在过去的六个月中他妻子在执政。【辨析】effect / influence / affect / effort词词性及词义例句effectn.影响，效果1 The drug has an immediate effect on the pain.2 The governments action had no effect on the trade imbalance.influencen./vt.影响1 The influence of television on modern life.2 My teacher influenced my decision to study science.affectv.影响The slight change of the weather can affect her health.effortn.努力，气力You should put more effort into your work. (Answer:然而它们有副作用，对你的健康有害。 the effects of television on young people.had very little effect on the environment. 这次经历对Tom产生了巨大的影响。come/be brought/be put into effect These laws are in effect in twenty states. in effect)l Decide on a day to quit.decide on 决定，选定(to choose something from a number of possibilities)Were still trying to decide on a venue.Weve decided on Paris for our next holiday.l If you feel desperate, you might like to talk about your problems, or join a stop-smoking group.desperate adj.1) 绝望的，危急的I was so desperate on hearing that.Oliver, who was desperate with hunger and misery, rose from the table and walked towards the master with his bowl and spoon in his hand.2) 不顾一切的，拼死的，铤而走险的，孤注一掷的His failure made him desperate.3) 极度渴望的“Im desperate to have a child of my own.” She said.The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.I was desperate to see her.【拓展】desperately adv. desperation n. 绝望，拼命in desperation 绝望地l If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed.ashamed adj.（表语形容词，可接不定式或从句）惭愧的，害羞的，羞耻的You ought to be ashamed of yourself/of your behavior/of having lied to your friend.I feel ashamed that I have been so lucky.The football riots(骚乱) made me ashamed to be English.足球骚乱事件Im ashamed to say that I lied to her.( Answer: 真有点不好意思，我太幸运了。 使我身为英国人汗颜得无地自容。我真不好意思说我对她撒了谎。)【拓展】shame n. U羞耻，惭愧；耻辱；C令人遗憾的事His face burned with shame.Have you no shame?What a shame they couldnt come.There is no shame in wanting to be successful.Shame on you! （用于责备）真丢人！真不害臊！shameful adj. 可耻的，不道德的，丢脸的可耻的秘密/思想(Answer: 他的脸因羞愧而发烫; 你就不知道羞耻吗; 他们不能来真是遗憾;有抱负不是什么丢脸的事; a shameful secret / thought)l In spite of all his efforts he failed.引导让步状语表示“尽管”含义：连词：although/though/as/whileAlthough/Though she was tired, she stayed up to watch the late night film on television.Try as / though I would, I couldnt persuade him to change his mind. (as引导常倒装)While I am willing to help, I dont have much time available. (while表此含义置于句首)介词：despite/in spite ofHer voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it.Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.English became the official language for business in spite of the fact that the population was largely Chinese.l He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.risk n.危险，风险take risks/take a risk冒险 Thats a risk Im willing to take.You have no right to take risks with other peoples lives.at risk 有危险，冒风险As with all diseases, certain groups will be more at risk than others.If we go to war, innocent lives will be put at risk.at all risks 无论冒什么风险worth the risk 值得冒险We could probably trust her with the information but its just not worth the risk.risk v. 使冒风险，冒风险_他冒着生命危险去救那个孩子。_他们知道他们冒着被逮捕的危险。(Answer: 我愿意冒险。 你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。如果我们发动战争，无辜的生命就会受到威胁。我们也许可以将消息托付给她，但是实在不值得去担这样的风险。He risked his life to save the child. They knew they risked being arrested. )l Of co