高中英语Unit 1 Reference for Teaching

Unit 1 Reference for Teaching语言点补充讲解：(一 )because of，due to，owing to，on account of和thanks to的用法比较这一组词都表示“由于”，在使用时应该注意以下区别：1Because of意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。2Owing to与because of一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。They decided to cancel the flight，owing to the storm由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这个航班。His death was owing to an accident他死于一场事故。3Due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开。This accident was dueowing to his careless driving这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。He arrived late dueowing to the storm由于暴风雨他来晚了。Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。4on account of与because of，owing to同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语表语，不作定语。He could not come on account of his illness他因病不能前来。That was on account of the lack of exercise那是由于缺乏锻炼。5Thanks to表示“幸亏，多亏”，多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语和表语，Thanks to your advice，much trouble was saved多亏你的建议，减少了许多麻烦。(二)puzzle n难题；谜；困惑(只用a puzzle) u(使)迷惑，(使)为难；(使)苦思do a word puzzle猜字谜be puzzled aboutoverat sth对某事感到困惑为难Im in a puzzle as to what to do next我不知道下一步该怎么办。Lucy looked a little puzzled露茜看起来有一点迷惑不解。The womans illness puzzled the doctor；he couldnt find the cause这位妇女的病难住了医生；他找不到病因。Im puzzled what I am going to do with it我不知道该如何处置它。(三) disappointed p.p 失望的disappointing adj.令人感到失望的disappoint v使失望disappointment n失望，沮丧，扫兴be disappointed at sth因感到失望be disappointed thatC1auseThe book really disappointed me这本书真让我感到失望。Im rather disappointed at his absence他不在，令我非常失望。1 was much disappointed that he should get that post他竟会得到这个职位，令我很失望。The whether this summer has been disappointing今年夏天的天气一直让人很失望(四)continue，延伸；继续sth to do sthContinue + doing sth。(to be)+edn.The road continues for a hundred and fifty kilometers这条公路长150千米。He continued his work though he was i11.He continued to work though he was i11.He continued working though he was i11.尽管他生着病，但他继续工作。The weather forecast said that the weather would continue to be fine in thecoming two or three days天气预报说未来两三天天气将继续保持晴好。“We must fight for racial equality，”continued the speaker演讲者又说：“我们必须为争取种族平等而斗争。”(五) separate v.分隔，(使)分开；区分，区别 adj. 分开的，不连续的；隔开的，单独的be separated from与 分开The war separated many families战争使许多家庭妻离子散。Its not difficult to separate a butterfly from a moth把蝴蝶和飞蛾分开并不难。England is separated from France by the Channel英法两国被英吉利海峡分开。My elder brother and I have separate rooms我哥哥和我有各自的卧室。(六) base n. 基础 , 把基地设在；作为的基础；为某事提供依据be based onThe base of the monument is made of marble纪念碑的底座是大理石的。As a scientist，he always based his theory on facts作为一名科学家，他总是以事实作为他的理论依据。The companys headquarters is based in Paris这家公司的总部设在巴黎。(七) provide .v. 供应；供给 provide 供应者(家庭供养者)providingprovided 以为条件；如果provide sth. for sbsupply sth. for sbProvide sb. with sth = supply sb. with sthProvide for sth.against sth.The hotel provides good meals那家旅馆供应上好的膳食。Our school dining hall provides us with three meals a dayOur school dining hall provides three meals for us a day我们学校餐厅每天供应三顿饭。Its quite dry these days；we should provide against fire近来天气非常干燥，我们应当防火。I dont mind lending you the book provided that you return it to me next week我可以把书借给你，条件是下周你得还我。(八) injure .伤害，损害 injury n伤害，受伤处 injured adj. 受伤的，受损的He injured his leg in an accident他的腿在意外事故中受了伤。Those that are not favored will think themselves injured那些未受宠爱的人会觉得自己受了委屈。We want to interview the injured who have been taken to hospital我们想采访那些已被送往医院的伤者。When she fell off her bike，her only injury was a twisted ankle当她从自行车上摔下来时，仅扭伤了脚踝。比较：injure , hurt和woundhurt常指精神上和肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛。These words hurt her deeply这些话深深地刺痛了她。injure着重指健康机能和外貌的伤害或损害。The man inured his shoulder那个人肩膀受了伤。wound主要指外界暴力造成创伤。Many soldiers and officers wounded in that battle在那一仗中许多官兵受了伤。(九) run into跑进；流人，注入；刺人；(使)撞在上；把深入敲人；偶尔碰见，相当于knock into，come acrossrun against与相撞run at向冲去；突然袭击runaway(from)跑开，逃走run out of从奔出，从流出；用完，耗尽The Changjiang River runs a11 the way into the East Sea，长江一直流人东海。The ship ran against a rock and a11 people fell into the seawater船撞上了礁石，船上所有人都掉进了海水中。The dog ran at the boy and the boy was too frightened to move even a step狗冲向那男孩，那男孩吓得一步也不敢动。The naughty boy ran away from the school when he heard that his parentswere sent for当他听说父母被请来时，那个调皮的男孩从学校逃走了。(十)show up来到；出席；露面，相当于turn upOn show = on displayon exhibition在公开展出Show around带参观Show off炫耀，卖弄；表现自己Show sbinout送进去出来1 wait for almost all hour，but she didnt show up我几乎等了一个小时她也没来。These pictures will be on show in our shop next week这些图画下周将在我们店展出。On Sunday my husband will show his friends around our new house星期天我丈夫将带他的朋友来看我们的新房子。He is such a person as always shows off about their importance of his job他是这样的人，总是夸耀自己工作的重要性。Would you please show this old gentleman out to the door?请你把这位老先生送到门口吗?(十一) put on上演，演出；增加，增添；开灯、收音机，使运转；穿上，戴上put away把收起来，放好putdown放下；镇压；写下，记下put off推迟put out伸出，取出；关掉；熄灭，扑灭put up 举起；建造，搭建；张贴，公布；提出；为提供(膳宿)put up with容忍，忍受He is putting on weight for he is not picky about food由于他不挑食，他一直在发胖。Summer is gone；lets put away the electric fans。夏天过去了，让我们把电风扇收起来吧。Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow今天能做的事切不要拖到明天。In the hospital the doctor told me to put out my tongue。医生叫我伸出舌头给他看。Can you put me up for tonight?今晚你能让我过夜吗?The machines are working day and night outside and give out awful noise. I can hardly put up with it.外面的机器日夜不停地工作，发出讨厌的噪音，我几乎无法忍受这些声音。(十二) look into朝里面看；调查，观察，浏览look about环顾四周look after照顾，照料look as if看起来好像look at看look back向后看；回顾look for寻找look down upon蔑视，瞧不起look forward to盼望，期待look like看起来像lookout向外面看；当心，注意look through浏览仔细查阅look即查阅；向上看1saw Mary looking into a shop window我看到玛丽朝橱窗里看。h looks as谨he will win the 1500-meter race看起来他可能要获得1500米赛跑的冠军.Try onLets see what北looks like on you.穿上试试，我们来看看它穿在你身上是什么样子。The days are gone when women are looked down upon。妇女被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了.I shall took out that l dont trust him again.我将提高警惕，不再信任他。He looked around but saw nothing他环顾四周，但什么也没看到。The young man is anxiously looking forward to a reply from his girlfriend那个年轻人焦急地盼望着他女朋友的回信。Every morning my father will look through the paper for something interesting to read每天早上我爸爸都要浏览一下报纸，找些有趣的来看看。He looked up at the sky，and saw many birds flying to the south，他抬头看天上，看到许多鸟正向南飞去。(十三)The world we live in is full of mysteries unsolved even by todays advanced science and technology。我们生活的世界充满了今天的高科技都无法解决的谜。这里的unsolved是过去分词作定语。如果是分词单词作定语，置于所修饰词的前面；如果是分词短语作定语，放在所修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。He likes drinking boiled water他喜欢喝开水。The United States of America is a developed country美国是发达国家。This is one of the houses built last year这是去年建的一所房子。300 people are dying each day from illnesses caused by smoking每天有300人由于吸烟引起的疾病而死去。A young man named John has just left school.一个名叫约翰的青年刚刚从学校毕业。(十四) On no occasion in outer space can astronauts take on their spacesult，which protect them and provide oxygen在外太空，宇航员们在任何情况下都不可以脱下他们的宇航服，因为宇航服能保护他们并给他们供氧。以否定词或含有否定意义的短语开头的句子要用倒装句式，常用的这类否定词及短语有never，hardly，seldom，little，no sooner，not only，nor，neither，in no case，by no means等。Not only does he like football，he is also fond of playing basketball他不仅喜欢足球，也喜欢打篮球。Hardly had I got to the station when the train 1eft我刚刚到车站，火车就离站了。I dont know, nor do I care.我不知道，我也不关心。Neither is he a him star，nor is he a director.他既不是电影明星，也不是导演。Never before have工seen such a person我以前从未见过这个人。Seldom did they do experiments to test their ideas in the past过去他们很少做实验来验证他们的想法。In no case must force be resorted to决不准许诉诸武力。By no means is he considered to be a great explorer他决不被认为是伟大的探险.二、语法归纳(一) 现在完成时1现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词 have / has + 过去分词”构成2现在完成时的用法(1)表示在说话之前已经完成的事态用现在完成时表示的这种事态通常发生在不确定的过去时间并与“现在”联系，即侧重在该事态对现在的影响。She has left她已经走了。(她现在不在这里)We have read the book我们已读过此书。(已知道此书的内容)They havent come back他们还没回来。1haveseenthefilmmanytimes我已经多次看过这部电影。(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，该动作或状态有可能还会继续下去。可以和for或since引导的表示时间的状语连用。这种用法中的动词为持续性动词或状态动词。My brother has been i11 for two days我弟弟病了两天了。I have lived in Shanghai since last spring从去年春天以来我一直住在上海。What has happened in the past few years?过去几年里发生了什么变化?How long have you studied English?你学习英语多久了?He has been busy since he came back from Beijing.他从北京回来以后一直很忙。(3) 用在从句中，表示一个动作先于另一个动作I understand what she has said to me我理解她对我说的话。We know that he has passed the English exam我们知道他英语考试及格了。(4)用在It is the firstsecondtime + that从句”中，这类从句中的that 可以省略。Its the first time Ive been here这是我第一次到这里来。Itll be the first time Ive spoken in public这将是我第一次当众讲话。This is the first cigarette Ive smoked today这是我今天吸的第一枝烟。3使用现在完成时需注意的几点(1)现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday，last week，如 1976，two days ago，just now等)连用，但可以和下列不确定的时间状语连用，如never，ever，always，yet，already，before，just，lately，so far，recently等。She has already come她已经来了。I have met him before我以前曾见过他。So far，no man has travelled farther than the moon至今尚未有人到过比月球更远的地方。I have already finished my homework我已做完了家庭作业。He has just had dinner他刚吃过晚饭。Have you ever been to Paris?你到过巴黎吗?(2)现在完成时还可以和表示从过去某时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的时间状语连用。如today，this year，these days，this morning等。It has been hot this summer今年夏天一直很热。(说话时仍是夏天)I have written two letters this morning今天上午我写了两封信。(说话时仍是上午)(3)表示短暂意义的动词，如open，go，come，die，leave，arrive，begin，return，stop等，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如要表达“他离开这儿已经3年了”这一意思时，不能说He has left here for three years”，而要把其中的动词换为延续性动词或用其他表达法。如上句可用下列方式表达：He has been away from here for three years。He left here three years agoIt is three years since he left here(4)havehas been to表示到过某个地方，而havehas gone to表示已经去了 某处。试比较：He bas been to the Great Wall他到过长城。(现在他已不在长城)He has gone to the Great Wall。他去长城了。(现在他尚未回来)(二)现在完成进行时1现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时由“助动词havehas been + v.-ing构成。2现在完成进行时的用法(1)该时态表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，特别强调现在该动作仍在进行，常和for，since引导