江苏省永丰初级中学九年级英语上册 Unit 4 Growing up语言点归纳 （新版）牛津版

Unit 4Comic & welcome to the unit1. Whats on your mind?1）on ones mind意思是“（有事）挂在心上；烦恼” 别打扰他了。他烦心事够多了。 Dont trouble him. Hes got a lot _. mind 还有“思想、想法”，常见短语有change ones mindmake up ones mind（下定决心） Mary and Mike have _to study harder.( 下定决心) 2）mind用作动词为“介意”后接doing sth Nick would you mind _out of the bathroom? Sorry ,Iwont be long. A.come B.to come C. coming.2. Dont wake me up until you finish building it. 当until用于否定句时，意为“直到才”.表示句中的动作 ,直到until所表示的时间才开始发生. till和until的区别：意思是 “到为止” ，一般情况下两者可以互换。until可以放在句首或句中，而till不可以用在句首。注意：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式，即“notuntil”结构，意思是“直到才（开始）”。Walk till/until you see a white house.一直走到你看到一座白房子为止。I did not go to bed until I finished my homework.直到做完作业我才上床睡觉。3. and I can read them whenever I want to.whenever意为“在任何时候；无论何时”。作连词可引导让步状语从句。类似的词还有whatever (无论什么), wherever (无论哪里), whoever(无论谁)等.无论你说什么，我都相信你_,Ill believe you.不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。_, tell them Im out.4.Why do you like to learn that way?That way=in that way5.I like to learn about the world through the Internet. Through 在这里意思是“凭借” I heard of the job _ a newspaper advertisement.6.As soon as you click the mouse ,there s a great deal of information. as soon as表示“一就”时态主将从现，主过从过。他一回来我就告诉他消息。I will tell him the news _A great deal of 只能用在不可数名词前，表示“大量的”He has given me a great deal of help.a great deal 表示大量，许多可单独使用。We learn a great deal from him.既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数的词有 a lot of、 lots of 、plenty ofReading 1. junior high (n.) 初级中学 senior high (n.) 高级中学 junior college (n.) 两年制专科学校2. try out for sth 参加.选拔(或试演) 参加校篮球队的选拔 参加该剧主角的选拔 try sb out 试用某人 They are trying out a new presenter for the show. 他们正在为这个节目试用一名新的主持人。3. lose heart 泄气，灰心 Ill never lose heart even if I fail ten times.即使我失败10次，我也决不灰心。 但是lose ones heart 是“爱上了.”的意思，需要用介词to说明爱的对象，如： Jim lost his heart to the girl at first sight. Jim对那个姑娘一见钟情。4. score (v.) 得分 score(s) ; score(d) score(d) When he finally got the chance, he s 20 points in his first game. score (n.) 得分 I recorded thescoresin a notebook.5. stand (n.) 看台 In s high, Spud often had to sit in the (看台) because of his h .6. change ones mind 改变主意 Nothing on earth could make him change his mind. 无论什么都不能使他改变主意。 He practised even h and got the coach to change his mind. 他训练更加刻苦，让教练改变了想法。(get sb to do sth 让某人做某事)7. leader (n.) 领导者 成为团队的领导者 注意：在英语中，像leader,president,monitor,head,captain这类表示独一无二的“职位、称号、官衔”等专有名词，作表语、补语、同位语以及介词的宾语时，前一般不加冠词。 In 1860,Lincoln became President of the United States. We made him monitor of our class. -Would you mind my sitting here? -Better not.These are the (lead) seats. lead (vt.) 领导；带领 lead-led-led lead作及物动词 The captain leads his team to success.队长领导他的团队取得成功。 lead to. 引起；导致；通向 lead作不及物动词 All roads lead to Rome. 谚语 条条大路通罗马。 His careless driving the traffic accident. Smoking leads to lung disease. 吸烟导致肺病。8. name (vt.) 命名 He was n Player of the Year in Texas.9. university (n.) 大学 常指综合性的大学，可包括专业院校 college (n.) (专业)学院 指专业学院，尤其是法学、体育、艺术或军事类等 However, no (大学) would invite him to play basketball s because he was 170cm tall. 注意正确使用下列冠词 a UFO a useful book a university 但是an ugly man an unusual day an umbrella, ( ) When he was university student, he wanted to be NBA player. A.a;a B.a;an C.an;an D.an;a10.simply (adv.) 仅仅，只是；简直，根本(用于强调) He goes theresimplybecause he likes to. 他去那儿只是因为他喜欢去。 They havesimplymisunderstood what rock and roll is. 他们根本没有理解什么是摇滚乐。 simple (adj.) 简单的；朴素的 That sounds rathersimple, but in fact its very difficult. 那听来简单，但实际上很难。 11.junior college n. (美) 两年制专科学校 He decided to play at a junior college. 他决定在一所大专院校打球。12.national adj. 国家的 nation n. on National Day 在国庆节The rose is the _(nation) flower of England. 玫瑰是英国的国花。13.championship n.竞标赛，大赛There he led his team to national championship. 在那儿他带领他的球队进入全国锦标赛。14.succeed vi.成功 -(过)_ -_(n.)-_(adj.)-_(adv.)If at first you dont _(success), try again and again.The meeting was _.会议很成功。He passed the exam _.他成功地通过了考试。succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事In the end, we _(success) in getting to the small town with the help of the map.They succeeded in _(win) the match. 他成功地赢得了比赛。As a result, he succeeded in getting a scholarship. 结果，他成功地获得了大学奖学金。15. although conj. 尽管，虽然 = thoughAlthough he was a great player at university, the USA was not interested in him beause all its players were more than 20 cm taller than he was.尽管他是大学里一名优秀的球员，全美篮球协会对他还是不感兴趣，因为全美篮球协会中所有的球员身高都比他高出20厘米。Although he is nearly 80, he is still very active. 尽管他快80了，但还是十分活跃。Most young people like living tin the city, _ there is more pollution there.( )_ he was ill, but he still got to school early as usual. A.Although B./ C.Though D.Because( )-What was the result of the game?-We lost the game, _ everyone played well.A. Although B./ C.If D.Because16. graduate vi.毕业 graduation n. graduate from a junior college 从两年制专科学校毕业After he gratuated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.毕业后，他被迫在另一个篮球联赛中打球。After _(graduate), he chose to be an accountant.17.force v. 强迫，迫使 (1) forcesb.todosth强迫某人做某事=makesb.dosth. They forced the enemy to retreat. 他们逼迫敌人退却了。 (2) beforcedtodosth.被迫做某事=be made to do sth. After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league. 毕业后，他被迫在另一个篮球联赛中打球。18.league n. 联盟，社团 复数leagues(1)play in another basketball league在另一个篮球联赛中打球(2)a League Member 团员19.remain vi. 逗留，保持不变 (1)He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.在全美篮球协会留意他之前，他在那儿待了大约一年。 此时remain为不及物动词，意为“逗留，保持不变”，常与away, behind, in, of, on ,out ,up等介词、副词连用 Do you wish to _?(和我一起留下来）(2)remain和stay remain动词，意为“留下，逗留”，指别人已经走了，而某人仍在原地；stay，动词，意为“停留，逗留”，通常指在某地待一段时间而不离开，或暂时留在某地。 Some of them have disappeared while others remain today. 它们中的一些已经消亡，然而另外一些如今仍然存在。 He was staying at his parents. 他在父母家里暂住。20.take notice of 注意，察觉(1)动词短语，意为“察觉”， take no notice of 意为“不注意，不理会” He passed by me without taking any notice of me. 他从我旁边走过，一点也没有注意到我。 She saw me in the street, but took no notice of me. 她在街上看到我，但是她没有理我。(2)notice 名词，意为“通知，注意，布告” The notice on the wall says “No smoking.” 墙上的告示写着“请勿吸烟”。21.achievement n. 成就，成绩 He had many great achievements, but his proudest moment came in 1986-he won the Slam Dunk Contest.他有很多伟大的成就，但他最自豪的时刻是在1986年-他赢得了扣篮大赛的冠军。(1)achievement 可数名词，意为“成就，成绩”。 常用短语 lifetime achievement终身成就； make/have great achievements 取得好成绩 He was proud of _.（他女儿的成绩） I want to _, 我想做出重大的成就以实现我的梦想。(2)achieve 动词，获得 They finally _.（获得了成功）22.prove v. 证明(1)Through hard work, Spud Webb proved that size and body type does not matter-you can do almost anything if you never give up.通过努力， 斯巴德韦伯证明了高矮胖瘦并不重要如果你不放弃，几乎没有什么你做不到的。 prove动词，意为“证明”，后接名词、代词或由that 引导的宾语从句。 His efforts proved a failure.他的努力失败了。(2)与prove相关的固定结构：proveto be意为“证明是” He has proved himself to be a most brave soldier. 他已经证明了自己是一名十分勇敢的士兵。23.matter v. 要紧，有重大影响(1)matter为不及物动词，后可接介词about和to,常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。Age doesnt matter.年龄无关紧要。It doesnt matter about me. I can walk.我不要紧。我能走。(2)matter常用于以it作形式主语的结构中，其真主语一般为现在分词短语、that从句、wh-从句或if/whether从句。 It does not matter who wins.无论谁赢都无关紧要。注意：在回答别人的道歉时，应该说“It doesnt matter.”而不说 “No matter.”-Sorry, Im late. -It doesnt matter.Grammar1.career n. 生涯，职业The best moment in his career was in 2020-he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.他运动的最佳时刻是2020年-他对亚特兰大老鹰队的一场比赛中得了41分。His early career not a great success.他早欺的生涯并不很成功。She is a career woman than a housewife. 她是职业妇女而不是家庭主妇。2.against prep. 对抗；与相反；违反(1) 表示“反对；对着；违反；不利于”等。（be against 反义词组 be for ）We are all against his idea. 我们都反对他的想法。He was married against his will. 他结婚是有违本意的。He spoke against the new law. 他发言抨击新法律。There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。(2)注意 against 是介词，不是动词。如：他靠在树上。He leaned against the tree.这个计划你是赞成还是反对呢? Are you for or against the plan?(3) 正因为against是介词，所以后接动词时要用动名词。如：我反对在警察到达之前采取任何行动。Im against doing anything till the police arrive.语法知识讲解一、Using before, after, when and while一）before、after 的用法1. He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.(P51) before的意思是“在之前”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。如：Close the windows before you leave the room, please.在你离开房间前，请关上窗。2. After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.(P51)after意思是“在之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。如：I went to school after I finished my breakfast.我吃完早饭去上学。一般情况下，主句是过去时从句也用过去某时态，主句是将来时，祈使句或带情态动词时，从句常用一般现在时 二）when、while的用法 1.when意思是“当时”，表示主句动作发生的特定时间。如： 1).The days get longer when spring comes. 春天到来时，白天变长了。 2).When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。 3).When也可作“突然、就在那时”讲 例如： 他正要走，这时有人敲门。 He was just leaving when someone knocked at the door. 2.while意思是“当时”，强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的。如：注意：while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。（两长用while） 1). While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。 2).一长一短也用while（ as）正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。 While they were talking, the bell rang. 注意： 在when和while引导的从句中，当主句和从句的主语一致，并且从句中有be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，构成when/while+ -ing结构。如： When (she is) in trouble, she always asks for my help. 她遇到困难时总是向我求助。 While (I am) travelling, I like to buy some souvenirs. 旅游时我喜欢买纪念品。如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，可以互换使用。1). When /While / we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 dance 为延续性动词2). When /While she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. 当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 make为延续性动词3). While/When I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. 我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。二、since, till和until常用来引导时间状语从句。如： 1、since意思是“自从以来”。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。如： 他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。 They since they at primary school.注意：since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬时动词。 2、till和until意思是 “到为止” ，一般情况下两者可以互换。until可以放在句首或句中，而till不可以用在句首。注意：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式，即“notuntil”结构，意思是“直到才（开始）”。 1).Walk till/until you see a white house. 一直走到你看到一座白房子为止。 2).I did not go to bed until I finished my homework. 直到做完作业我才上床睡觉。 3、巧辨before和until在日常英语教学中，我们遇到学生问这样的一些问题： 1.He will spend six hours at his desk_he finishes his composition. A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when 2.The bike hit the tree_I could get off. A.whenB.before C.whileD.until 3.I knocked at the door for more than five minutes_Mrs white answered it. A.until B.when C.afterD.before 4.It was_yesterday_he_the secret. A.not until；that；knewB.until；when；knew C.not before；that；foundD.before；that；didnt find 三、知识扩展: 1. It is since从.以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间) It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。 2.时间+has passed +since.自从.，多长时间过去了四、as soon as、whenever的用法： 1.as soon as表示“一就”。例如： 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。 I will go there as soon as I finish my breakfast. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up。 2.Whenever可用every time替换 Whenever he met us, he smiled at us. 他每次遇见我们，都向我们微笑。注意：when 、while、 after、 before 、as soon as 、 till /until 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时;主句为一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。五、小结：Integrated skills1.break out (战争、灾害、疾病等) 爆发 （break-broke-broken）第二次世界大战1939年在欧洲爆发。World War _in Europe in 1039.固定搭配： break down 发生故障 break into 破门而入 break up 打碎 break the law/ rules 违反法律/规章制度他开会迟到了，因为他的车子在半路抛锚了。He was late for the meeting because his car _ halfway.2.record (n.) 记录 a record of that time 那个时代的记录 break the records 打破记录 record (v.) 记录 record their types and changes in their numbers 记录下他们种类和数目上的变化 Our points _(record) by the computer every time.3.symbol (n.) 象征 the symbol of peace 和平的象征4.victory (n.)胜利 their biggest victory 他们最伟大的胜利5.spirit (n.) 精神 （不可数） team spirit 团队精神 a symbol of the victory of the human spirit 人类精神胜利的象征 (n.)幽灵；灵魂 （可数） drive evil spirits away 赶走幽灵6.Jew (n.) 犹太人 Her mother is a Jew.7.go into hiding 躲藏起来 （hide- hid- hidden）他们藏到了她父亲办公室的一个秘密的地方They _in a secret place in her fathers office.8.Nazi (adj.) 纳粹的 get away from a Nazi camp 从纳粹集中营逃离 the Nazis 纳粹分子们9.die of/ from 死于 die of/from illness 死于疾病她的姐姐在1945年死于疾病。 Her elder sister _in 1945.Study skills1. German adj. 德国（人）的 n. 德国人（Germans）； 德语(不可数名词) Germany 德国 Are they _cars? Yes, they are. They are made in _.Most of _ like to drive this kind of car. (German)He is good at speaking _(German).注意：表示人的复数加S的：Americans, Australians, Canadians, Indians, Asians, Europeans, Germans, Walkmans-表示人的复数把a改为e的：EnglishmanEnglishmen, FrenchmanFrenchmen,policeman-policemen, firemanfiremen, spacemanspacemen-表示人的单复数同形：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese.2. Nazi adj. 纳粹的 n. 纳粹分子（pl: Nazis）The German _ hated them and wanted to kill them.德国纳粹分子憎恨他们想要杀死他们。3. thought n.