LearningaboutLanguage.ppt

Fillthewordorexpressionforeachofthefollowingmeaningsfromthetext.,1_completechangeinwaysofthinking,working,etc2_connectedcomputersystem3_tomakethingseasier,revolution,network,simplify,LearningaboutLaguage,Page21,4_tofindtheanswerusingnumbers5_canbemovedeasilyfromplacetoplace6_toworkouttheanswertoaproblem7_totravelaroundanareatofindoutaboutit,calculate,mobile,solve,explore,8_completely9_anyway10_activityofmanagingmoney,totally,anyhow,finance,Completethepassagewiththewordsbelow.,artificialtechnologyintelligentapplicationsexploreWebrealitylogically,Mybrotherwasveryinterestedincomputersandenjoyedwritingprogramsofhisown.HeusedtodownloadinformationfromtheInternetandmade,gooduseofit.Helikedto_theWorldWide_andusedtheInternettocommunicatewithcomputerprogrammersallovertheworld.WhenhewenttouniversityhestudiedIT(information_)anddevelopedaspecialin_,explore,Web,technology,artificial,intelligence.Afterdevelopingspecial_ofthecomputer,hehopestodesignan_robotwhichcanthink_andlooklikehumanbeing,butin_hewasalongwaytogo.,logically,applications,intelligent,reality,Grammar,ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice,Discoveringusefulstructures,Page21,3.Learningaboutpassivevoiceanoverview,4.UnderstandingthestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceThestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/hasbeened,Learningaboutpassivevoiceanoverview,FirstasaPC(personalcomputer)andthenasalaptop,Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.,Answerkeyforexercise1onpage21,Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.,has/havebeendone,现在完成时,被动语态,现在完成时的被动语态,现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。,现在完成时的被动语态,UnderstandingthestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceThestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/hasbeened,注意:,副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:误Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.正Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.,2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：误GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.正GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.,2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。,3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：Thepatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.,4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：,Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?,(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。,主动语态变被动语态的方法,(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.,(4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.,(5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.,1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句主语+has/havebeen+P.P.+.(P.P.=动词的过去分词形式)Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.她的摩托车被盗了。Alltheofficeshavebeenlinkedbycomputer.所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。,2.现在完成时被动语态否定句主语+has/have+not+been+P.P.+.Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.任务尚未完成。Manyskilledworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人。,3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型1Hashe(she,it,单数名词)+been+P.P.+.?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?买了一台新电脑吗?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEng-lish?他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗?,4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句疑问词+have(has)+主语+been+P.P.+.?WhathasbeenboughtbyTom?汤姆已经买了什么东西?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了?,Practice,TurnthefollowingintothePassiveVoice.1.Wehaveplantedsometreesaroundthelake.Sometreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.,2.Myfatherhaslockedthedoor.Thedoorhasbeenlocked.3.Someonehasturnedoffthelight.Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.,4.WewillholdtheOlympicGamesinBeijingintheyear2008.TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingintheyear2008.5.Theyhaverebuiltthebridge.Thebridgehasbeenrebuilt.,试分析：1)误Manynewbuildingsbeenbuiltsince2000,正Manynewbuildingshavebeenbuiltsince2000,析谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。,2)误Somethingbadhasbeenhappenedtohim,析被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。,正Somethingbadhashappenedtohim.,正Thedoorhasopenedofitself,析有些动词如open,break,drop等既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作发出者，我们通常用主动语态。ofitself意思是“自动地”。因此,此句不可用被动语态。,3)误Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself,4)误IhaveintroducedtoMrLi,析introduce为及物动词,I是introduce的承受者。,正IhavebeenintroducedtoMrLi(byMrWang),Exercises,1.Bothmybrotherworkatthepowerstationthat_inmyhometown.A.hassetupB.hasbeensetupC.wassetupD.issetup,2.-_thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.Itold,3.Allthepreparationforthetask_,andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendone,4.-Howlong_atthisjob?-Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed,5.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided,6.Betty_injuredsincelastSaturday.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.has,7.Thatbook_intoatleast20foreignlanguages.A.hassaidtobetranslatedB.hasbeensaidtohavetranslatedC.issaidthatithadbeentranslatedD.issaidtohavebeentranslated,注:该句的句型是:Itissaidthat/people(they)saidthat/thatbookissaidto根据句意是已经被译成了20多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。,8.Hi,Tom,youlooktired.-Ofcourse.I_thelivingroomallday.A.hadpaintedB.paintedC.havebeenpaintedD.havebeenpainting,9.-Didyoumoveintothenewhouse?-No.Therooms_yet.A.werebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.havenotpaintedD.havenotbeenpainted,10.Greatchanges_inmyhometownandalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;arebeingsetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.aretakenplace;hadbeensetupD.tookplace;willsetup,11.Itssaidthatthisbook_intoChinese.A.hadtranslatedB.hastranslatedC.wastranslatedD.hasbeentranslated,12.Youcantmovein.Thehouse_.A.ispaintingB.isbeingpaintedC.haspaintedD.hasbeenpainted,13.Millionsofpoundsworthofdamage_byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencause,14.Haveyouever_totheexhibitionwhich_forthreeweeks?A.gone;hasbeenshownB.visited;shownC.been;hasbeenonshowD.went;lasted,15.-Howlongago_theseeggs_?-Perhaps15days.A.will;hatchB.did;hatchC.were;hatchedD.have;beenhatched,改错,1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer.,3.APChasbeenbuildedthewaywewanted.APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted.4.Ourcomputerjusthasbeenjoinedtotheinternet.Ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet.,5.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Alotofe-mailshadwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years.Alotofe-mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years.,PuttheChineseintoEnglishtocompletethesentences.1.Youcanseethehouse_(未油漆)foryears.2.Howmanyworkers_(已派遣)tobuildtherailway?,hasnotbeen,painted,havebeensent,3.WhydoesMarylooksounhappy?She_(被嘲笑)byherclassmates.4.Itissaidthatthehouse_(闯进了)bytwothieves.,hasbeenlaughedat,brokeninto,hasbeen,5._hisviews_(受到批判)bythem?6.Thetwopens_(未被拿走)byhim.7.Where_thetelevision_(已经修理了)?,Have,beencriticized,havenotbeen,takenaway,has,been,repaired,8.ThepriceofacolorTVset_(降价了)again.9.What_(已被译成)intomanyforeignlanguages?,beenbroughtdown,has,hasbeentranslated,Anewpersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbymyfriend.Mycomputerhasbeenrepairedbytheshopveryquickly.Mycomputerhasjustbeenattackedbyanunknownvirus.Theproblemhasnotbeensolvedbyusyet.Thecomputershavebeengivenawaytoalocalschoolbythecompany.Akindofintellige