MU Grammar(课堂PPT)

1,M6U1GrammarandUsage,Overview:infinitive,verb-ing若说明的是人(sb.)的特性,则用_.,Itisnice_youtohelpmewithmyEnglish.2.Itisnecessary_youtoimproveyourspokenEnglish.,of,for,for,of,5,II.动名词作主语有以下两个习惯表达法,1.Itisnouse(good)+动名词.做某事没用(不好),e.g.*Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk._。*在公共场合随地吐痰(spit)不好。_.*未来的事无法知道。_.,2.Thereisno+doing(动名词).(=Itisimpossibletodosth.),覆水难收,Itsnogoodspittinginpublic,Thereisnoknowingwhatwillhappen,6,1.散步是锻炼的一种好方法。2.教这些孩子是我今天下午的工作。,Walkingisagoodformofexercise.,Toteachthesechildrenismyjobthisafternoon.,III.动名词和不定式作主语的区别,7,总结:不定式和动名词作主语的区别,todo作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作,具有偶然性;doing(动名词)表示习惯性的动作,往往表抽象概念。注意:该规则同样适用于作宾语,表语。比如:liketodo/likedoing,Practice-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbike.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing,C,8,用不定式作宾语往往指具体的或一次性的行为，而动名词指概括性、经常性的动作。这类动词常用的有：like,love,prefer,hate,start,begin,continue等。e.g.Ilikereading/toreadChinaDaily.e.g.Letscontinueplaying/toplaythePCgames.,(二)不定式/动名词作宾语,9,只能是动词不定式作宾语e.g.Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers.e.g.Irefusetoacceptwhateveryoubuyforme.,10,记忆口诀：,决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动应答选计划，同意请求帮一帮。,decide/determine,learn,want,hope/expect/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help,11,高考链接：Weagreed_here,butsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet,12,只能是动名词作宾语e.g.Iwouldappreciateyoucallingbacktonight.e.g.Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.e.g.HearingwhathappenedinSichuan,manypeoplecouldnthelpcrying.,13,记忆口诀：,考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，禁止想象才冒险，不禁建议准逃亡。,consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancy,avoid,misskeep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,imaging,risk,canthelp,mind,allow/permit,escape,14,某些特殊动词：forget,remember,regret,stop,try,mean,goon,canthelp;want,need,require,deserve,15,高考链接：Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Oh,Iforgot_.turningitoffB.turningitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff2.Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone,16,e.g.Myfavoritehobbyistocollect/collectingoldcoins.e.g.Ouraimistohelptheoldleadahappylife.,(三)不定式/动名词/现在分词/过去分词作表语（跟在系动词后）,不定式和动名词的区别,1.表示一般的概念时，不定式和动名词可以互换。,2.表示具体的个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。,17,动名词做表语时，可与主语换位，回答what的问题；现在分词作表语时，表示主语的性质和特征，回答how的问题。e.g.Myjobisteaching.e.g.Thenewsissurprising.,动名词和现在分词的区别,18,现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人的”，过去分词表示“感到的”，常见的分词有：amazed/amazingannoyed/annoyinginterested/interestingpleased/pleasingsurprised/surprisingsatisfied/satisfyingamused/amusing,现在分词和过去分词的区别,19,Translation,1.有人认为如果一本书是有趣的，它一定会使读者感兴趣的。Itisbelievedthatifabookis_,itwillsurelymakethereader_.2.先生、女士们，请一直坐到飞机已完全停下。Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain_untiltheplanehascompletelystopped.,interesting,interested,seated/sitting,20,(四)不定式/动名词/分词作定语,1.Shehasnopencil_.A.towritewithB.towriteaboutC.towriteD.writein2.Shesaidshehadaimportantmeeting_.A.toattendinB.toattendC.attendD.attending,A,B,若作定语的动词不定式是vi,后必须要有介词。,I.不定式作定语,21,不定式做定语时，表将要发生的动作:(1)todo表示事情由句子主语自己做;(2)tobedone表示事情由别人做,3.TomorrowIllgoback,Ihavenothing_(take)home.Doyouhaveanything_.(take),totake,tobetaken,-Doyouhaveanythingmore_,sir?-No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totype,B,22,4.Imthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething_.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunkD.fordrinking5.Heisalwaysthefirst_questions.A.toanswerB.answeringC.tobeansweredD.beinganswered,B,A,不定式常作不定代词和序数词的后置定语。,23,不定式作定语总结：1.若作定语的动词不定式是vi,后必须要有介词;2.(1)todo表示事情由句子主语自己做;(2)tobedone表示事情由别人做;3.不定式常作不定代词和序数词的后置定语。,24,II.动名词与现在分词作定语的区别,总结:(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰的名词的功能或用途,可用for改写；(2)现在分词作定语表示“主动/正在进行”或“令人感觉”，与它所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主谓关系，可用定语从句改写。,swimmingpool,waitingroom,walkingstickasleepingcar=acar_asleepingchild=achild_,forsleeping,whoissleeping,25,III.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别,时态不同：不定式作定语通常指将要发生的动作；现在分词指正在进行的动作；过去分词指已经完成的动作。e.g.Ihavethreeletterstowrite.e.g.Doyouknowthemansittinginthemiddle?e.g.HaveyoureadanystorieswrittenbyLuXun?飘雪_落叶_,fallingsnow,fallenleaves,26,PracticeThecourthearsabout120casesayearandvisitorsarewelcometoseeacase_.A.arguingB.tobearguedC.tobearguingD.beingargued2.Anyone_bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarrying,D,B,27,现在分词的完成式一般不能作后置定语，除非是非限制性的后置定语。e.g.Thisisthequestionhavingbeendiscussedforyears.e.g.Thisisthequestiondiscussedforyears.e.g.Thequestion,havingbeendiscussedforyears,hasbeensolvednow.,(),(),(),28,being+adj不能用作后置定语。e.g.Anyonebeingfitforthisjobcansignyournamehere.e.g.Anyone(whois)fitforthisjobcansignyournamehere.,(),(),29,(五)补足语:主语补足语如果不相同,分词前必须加上自己的主语,这种结构被称为独立主格结构。E.g:Themoonappearing,webegantosetoff.Iftimepermits,Iwillstayforanotherweek.=_,Iwillstayforanotherweek.,Timepermitting,37,(五)下列词通常为以下形式出现-垂悬状语judgingfrom/bysupposingconsideringtakingintoconsideration/accountgenerally/strictly/frankly/roughlyspeakingspeakingofproviding/provided(倘若)given(就而言)comparedwith/tototell(you)thetruth=tobehonesttomakemattersworse,38,(六)非谓语动词的常见变形1.不定式todo一般式tobedone一般式的被动语态tohavedone完成式tohavebeendone完成式的被动语态for/ofsb.todosth不定式复合结构2.动名词doing一般式beingdone被动sbsdoing动名词复合结构,39,3.分词doing主动/正在进行beingdone正在进行的动作的被动havingdone该动作早于谓语动词的动作havingbeendone完成式的被动语态done被动/已完成sb./sth.doing独立主格结构sb./sth.done独立主格结构4.所有非谓语动词的否定是，都是将not前置5.非谓语动词的前后结构要对称。,40,必背常见的带不定式的短语：besupposedtodo应该做某事goallouttodo全力以赴做某事havethenervetodo有胆量做某事haveagreatmindtodo很想做某事makeuponesmindtodo决定做某事makeapointtodo坚持做某事prepareoneselftodo有思想准备做某事takethetroubletodo不辞辛苦地做某事,41,必背常见的带介词to的短语：beusedto习惯berelatedto与有关getdownto着手做beaddictedto沉溺于putonesmindto全神贯注于giveriseto引起stickto坚持beequalto胜任objectto反对devoteoneselfto献身于leadto导致beopposedto反对lookforwardto盼望,42,Module6Unit1GrammarandUsage非谓语动词复习专项练习,43,专练Keys:1-5:ABAAB;6-10:CBCDA11-15:DACAA;16-20:AADCD21-25:BDDBA;26-30:BDBBA31-35:DDBBC;36-40:ABDCB41-45:BCAAA,44,Shetookherson,ranoutofthehouse,_himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctorsoffice.A.putB.toputC.puttingD.havingput2.Hearingthenews,herushedout,_thebook_onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.A.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenedD.left;layopened,A,B,45,3.Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof_thepowerstation.A.tobuildB.buildingC.buildD.built4.Mostofthepeople_tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting5.Whenyourelearningtodrive,_agoodteachermakesabigdifference.A.haveB.havingC.andhaveD.andhaving,A,A,B,46,6.Ifeltitagreathonour_tospeaktoyou.A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked7.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup8.-Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?-_enoughnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.tobegetting,C,B,C,47,9.Themanyoureferredto_justnow.A.comesB.comeC.comingD.came10.Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish_her.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped11.Theoldhousewepaidavisit_atthetopofthehill.A.standingB.tostandC.tostandingD.tostands,D,A,D,48,12._theroadroundtotherightandyoullfindhishouse.A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed13._theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed14._yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.A.PutB.PuttingC.ToputD.Tobeputting,A,C,A,49,15.Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil_to.A.spokenB.speakingC.speakD.bespoken16.Afterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewenton_howmuchtheywouldcost.A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingD.havingexplained17.CertainlyIpostedyourletterIremember_it.A.postingB.topostC.tobepostingD.haveposted,A,A,A,50,18.Remember_offthelightwhen_tobed.A.turning;goingB.toturn;togoC.turning;togoD.toturn;going19.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled20.Thelifeheisnowused_quitedifferentfromours.A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.tois,D,C,D,51,21.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen22._totheparty,Tonywasveryunhappy.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited23.-Whichsweaterisyours?-Theone_No.9.A.thatmarkedB.wasmarkedwithC.whichmarkedD.markedwith,B,D,D,52,24.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair_againstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove25.Thegirl_underthattreeismysister.A.sittingB.sitsC.issittingD.sat26.Themoreyoupractise_English,thebetteryour_Englishwillbe.A.tospeak;speakingB.speaking;spokenC.spoken;spokenD.spoken;speaking,B,A,B,53,27.Annaisoftenheard_songsinherroom.A.sungB.singingC.singD.tosing28.Iwent_aballoonbutIdidntseeanyone_balloons.A.tobuy;tosellB.tobuy;sellingC.buying;sellingD.buying;tosell29.Thissoupiscold;itneeds_.A.toheatB.tobeheatedC.beinghotD.heated,D,B,B,54,30.Althoughswimmingishisfavouritesport,yethedoesntlike_today.A.toswimB.swimmingC.swimD.tohaveswim31.Noonewassurprisedat_theexamination.A.hepassingB.hispassC.himpassD.hispassing32.Annaspendsonehouraday_spokenEnglish.A.practiseB.topractiseC.onpractisingD.inpractising,A,D,D,55,33.Dickmadeit_toallhisfriends.A.toknowB.knownC.knowD.knowing34._,shefeltquiteshyattheparty.A.AssheastrangerB.BeingastrangerC.AccordingtoastrangerD.Shelikeastranger35.Everymorninghegetsupearlyandpractises_andthen_toschool.A.toreadEnglish;goB.readingEnglish;goingC.