2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅱ专题16 动词的时态和语态

2020考前冲刺英语专题16 动词的时态和语态 1(2020年高考新课标全国卷)When Alice came to，she did not know how long she_there.Ahad been lying Bhas been lyingCwas lying Dhas lain解析：当艾丽斯醒来时，她不知道自己在那儿躺了多久。根据时态一致的原则，可排除B、的，故用一般过去时。答案：A3(2020年高考山东卷)When I got on the bus，I_I had left my wallet at home.Awas realizing BrealizedChave realized Dwould realize成式，因此D项正确。答案：D5(2020年高考浙江卷)The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.Agave BgivesCwas giving Dhad given 典例1(2020年高考新课标全国卷)Planning so far ahead _no senseso many things will have changed by next year.Amade Bis makingCmakes Dhas madeI put it there just now in case you needed it.Adoes it land Bhas it landedCwill it land Dhad it landed解析句意：“我没有要名单，它为什么已经被放到了我的桌子上？”“我刚刚放在那里的，以防你会需要。”从对话中知道名单已经出现在桌子上了，所以需要用现在完成时。A项是一般现在时；C项是一般将来时，表示还没有放上；D项是过去完成时，在本句中没有出现一个过去的时间状语作对比，也不正确；只有B项是现在完成时，因此选B。答案B2考查be going to do和willdo构成的将来时的区别 答案B3考查过去时和现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响；而过去时仅说明过去发生的动作，与现在毫无关系。个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，强调“过去的过去”，句中常有by，before，when，until等词引导的时间状语。典例5(2020年高考四川卷)What a mistake !Yes.I_his doing it another way, but without success.Awas suggesting Bwill suggestCwould suggest Dhad suggestedyesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来打算昨天去看你，但我有了一个不速之客。5考查现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成进行时强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性，强调的是动作本身；现在完成时则是强调动作产生的结果或影响，而不是动作本身。典例6(2020年高考辽宁卷) Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I_.Awas doing Bam doingChave done Dhad been doing一时间正在进行或持续进行的动作。典例7I walked slowly through the market，where people _all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.Asell Bwere sellingChas sold Dhave sold解析根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.”的提示可以判断出此处_more this year.Ais expecting BexpectedCwill expect Dis expectedAwill be experiencingBhave experiencedChave been experiencingDwill have experienced解析根据语境可知此处表示将来一段时间内的动作，不侧重完成，因此要用将来进行时。答案A动词的被动语态被动语态是中学阶段的重点语法项目之一，也是高考常考的内容。高考对被动语态的考查往往跟对时态的考查融合在一起，而且语境化特点非常突出。语态用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 。只有及物动词或含及物意义的动词短语才能用于被动语态。被动语态常由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。1三种形式的被动语态(以动词give为例)一般现在时态am/is/are given一般过去时态was/were given一般将来时态shall/will be given一般过去将来时态should/would be given现在进行时态am/is/are being given过去进行时态was/were being given现在完成时态has/have been given过去完成时态had been given将来完成时态shall/will have been given过去将来完成时态should/would have been given典例1(2020年高考湖南卷)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology_by scientists.Aare making Bare madeCwill make Dwill be made的主语，间接宾语之前则应加介词to(可省去)或for(一般不可省)。如：典例2She was _the bike for 20 dollars，but she wouldnt take it.Aprovided BsuppliedCoffered Dgave 答案C(3)“be过去分词不定式”的被动结构She is said to know three languages.据说她懂三种语言。(4)“itbe过去分词从句”的被动结构Its said that she has some supernatural powers.据说她有某些特异功能。Its reported that they have discovered a new star.据报道他们发现了一颗新星。常见的结构还有：It is known that.众所周知It is suggested that.有人建议It is believed that.据信(5)getdone构成被动语态此种形式用来表示状态或情况，常考的形式如下：get married结婚；get engaged订婚；get hurt/wounded受伤；get lost迷路；get drunk喝醉了；get caught/stuck/trapped被困；get dressed穿好衣服；get run over被(车)轧典例4Before she realized what happened，she got _ on the head and lost consciousness.Ahit Bto be hitChitting Dhittedfailed可知此处应用过去时，答案为D。答案D4主从句谓语动词的时态一致性主从句的时态要对应，即要保持时态的一致性。这使考生在做题中既可以根据主句的时态来确定从句的时态，也可以根据从句的时态来确定主句的时态。典例6The church tower which _will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.Ahas restored Bhas been restoredCis restoring Dis being restored解析根据最后一句可知工程还未完成，因此此处强调正在修复中，且要用被动语态。故选D。答案D高考秘笈的主从复合句中，若主句是一般过去时，则从句要使用过去的某种时态。2固定句型中的固定时态在某些固定句型里往往有固定的时态要求，请体会下列句子中时态的运用：(1)This/It is the first/second.time I have done sth.That/It was the first/second.time I had done sth.(2)It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad.(3)I was about to go out when the telephone rang.(4)Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.(5)No sooner had I got h