植物学大戟科介绍

大戟科,Euphorbiaceae,dicotyledonousplants,about300genera,8000speciesoftheabove,allworld,Chinahas66genera,864kinds,大戟科，双子叶植物，约300属，8000种以上，广布于全球，中国有66属，约864种,乔木，灌木或草本。Trees,shrubs,orherbs.,Leavessimple,thinlobularcompoundleaves,usuallyalternate;Stipule,containingmilk单叶，稀小叶复叶，常互生；有托叶，多含乳汁,Flowersunisexual,usuallysmall,neat,intopolyumbrella,umbrella,totalorpanicle;Oftenforabsenceofflowers,thecalyx,sometimeswithoutbeingorcalyx,discstorage;Stamens1tomost;Ovarysuperior,usuallycomposedof3carpelssynthesis,morethan3room,everyroomhaveovule12,axialplacenta.Capsule,afewberriesordrupe花单性，通常小而整齐，成聚伞，伞房、总状或圆锥花序；常为单被花，萼状，有时无被或萼、瓣俱存；雄蕊1至多数；子房上位，通常由3心皮合成，多3室，每室有胚珠12，中轴胎座。蒴果，少数为浆果或核果,重阳木暖温带树种。喜光也稍耐荫，喜温暖湿润的气候和深厚肥沃的砂质土壤，对土壤的酸碱性要求不严。较耐水湿，抗风、抗有毒气体。适应能力强，生长快速，耐寒能力弱Chongyangwoodwarmtemperatespecies.Likelightorslightlyshade-tolerance,xiwarmhumidclimateanddeepfertilesandysoil,relaxedacidalkaliofsoil.Theresistancetowaterwet,thewindresistance,resistancetotoxicgases.Adaptabilityisstrong,growfast,coldresistantability,Deciduoustrees,to15mtall.Barkbrown,longitudinalcracks.Leafletsovatetoellipticshapeovate,usually511cm,apexacuminate,baseroundedornearlycordate,marginfinelyserrate,bothsmoothandglabrous.落叶乔木，高15米。树皮褐色，纵裂。小叶卵形至椭圆状卵形，常511CM，先端突尖，基部圆形或近心形，缘有细锯齿，两面光滑无毛。,Flowerssmall,green,Adrianrodriguezhuber-)fernando,flower.花小，绿色，成总状花序。,Flowerssmall,green,Adrianrodriguezhuber-)fernando,flower.浆果球形，熟时红褐色。,Treeisgraceful,theautumnleavesturnred,gorgeousanddazzing,windresistanttomoisture,growingfast,isagoodshadeandtrees树姿优美，秋叶转红，艳丽夺目，抗风耐湿，生长快速，是良好的庭荫和行道树种。,秋枫,Evergreentrees,upto40m,diameteratbreastheightof1m.Crownumbrella,bigbranchobliqueexhibition.Barkgray-brown,longitudinalcracks.Threeternate,lobulesovatetoelliptic,longlong7to15cm,leathery,marginwithshallowcircularsaw,twosidessmoothandglabrous,leafgreen.Flowerssolitary,palegreen,dioecious,altar,prolapse.Berryglobose,darkbrown.Seedsdarkbrownandlight.,常绿乔木，高达40m，胸径1m。树冠伞形，大枝斜展。树皮灰褐色，纵裂。三出复叶，小叶卵形至长椭圆形，长715cm，革质，边缘有浅圆锯齿，两面光滑无毛，叶绿色。花单生，淡绿色，雌雄异株，腋生，下垂。浆果球形，暗红褐色。种子黑褐色而有光亮。,Intheautumnofonethousandmaples千年秋枫树,Growthhabit,XiYang,slightlyresistanttoYin,isfondofwarmandcoldhardinessispoorer,thesoilisrelaxed,theabilityofwaterwet,rootdeveloped,wasstrong,rapidgrowthinthemoistfertileloam.,喜阳，稍耐阴，喜温暖而耐寒力较差，对土壤要求不严，能耐水湿，根系发达，抗风力强，在湿润肥沃壤土上生长快速。,Highornamentalvalue观赏价值高公园观赏树种或者行道树,AleuritesfordiiHemsl.Morphologicalcharacteristics,Deciduoustrees,3-8mtall.Leavesalternate,lobesovateorovate,wide20to30cmlong,4-15cmwide,apexacuteoracuminate,leafbasecordate,marginentireorthreeshallowcrack.Conicalcyme,flowersunisexualhomologousstrain;Firstleavesopen,floweriswhite,withreddishstripes,five;Pistilovary3-5rooms,eachroom1ovule.Drupeglobose,apexacute,smoothsurface.,落叶乔木，高3-8米。叶互生，叶卵形，或宽卵形，长20-30厘米，宽4-15厘米，先端尖或渐尖，叶基心形，全缘或三浅裂。圆锥状聚伞花序顶生，花单性同株；花先叶开放，花瓣白，有淡红色条纹，5枚；雌蕊子房3-5室，每室1胚珠。核果球形，先端短尖，表面光滑。,油桐形态特征,Leavessimple,alternate,thickleathery,shapesarelinear,lanceolatetooblong,marginentireordivided,wavyorspirallytwisted,bladeonpatchesofwhite,purple,yellow,redandgrain单叶互生，厚革质，形状有线形、披针形至椭圆形，边缘全缘或者分裂，波浪状或螺旋状扭曲，叶片上常具有白、紫、黄、红色的斑块和纹路,Codiaeumvariegatum,Suitablefortemperature,TheoriginofJavainIndonesiatoAustralia.Likehightemperature,humid,andsunnyenvironment,notcold.Optimumtemperaturefor2030,310monthfor2130,OctobertonextMarch1318.Thewintertemperatureisnotlowerthan13.Short-termat10,theleafcolorisnotbright,appearsdim,lackluster.Thetemperaturein45,thebladebycold,causealargenumberofleaves,andeventhewholeplanttofreezetodeath.原产印度尼西亚的爪哇至澳大利亚。喜高温、湿润和阳光充足的环境，不耐寒。适温为2030，310月为2130，10月至翌年3月为1318。冬季温度不低于13。短期在10，叶色不鲜艳，出现暗淡，缺乏光泽。温度在45时，叶片受冻害，造成大量落叶，甚至全株冻死。,Waterrequirements,VariableYeMuxiwetafraidofdry.Growingstemleafgrowthrapidly,givingenoughmoisture,andadaytofoliarspray.Butwhenwinterlowtemperaturethesoiltokeepalittledry.Aswinterhibernation,toomuchwater,cancausethefallenleaves,mustbestrictlycontrolled.变叶木喜湿怕干。生长期茎叶生长迅速，给予充足水分，并每天向叶面喷水。但冬季低温时盆土要保持稍干燥。如冬季半休眠状态，水分过多，会引起落叶，必须严格控制。,Lightconditions,Verybrightlightplant,thewholegrowthperiodmustbesufficientsunshine,lightlong-termshortage,foliarstripes,spots,lackluster,softbranches,andevenfallenleaves.喜光性植物，整个生长期均需充足阳光，光照长期不足，叶面斑纹、斑点不明显，缺乏光泽，枝条柔软，甚至产生落叶。,Theapplicationform,花坛,盆栽,盆栽,Sapiumsebiferum,Tallow(scientificname:Sapiumsebiferum)iseuphorbiaceaetallowisadeciduoustree,usedingardens,setviewform,leafcolor,fruitatanorganicwhole,hasaveryhighornamentalvalue.乌桕（学名：Sapiumsebiferum）是大戟科乌桕属落叶乔木，应用于园林中，集观形、观色叶、观果于一体，具有极高的观赏价值。,Leavessimple,woody单叶，木本Plantsallglabrous,marginYeQuan,leavespalmateveins植株全体无毛，叶全缘，叶为掌状脉,Capsule,flowersmall,nopetals,plantallglabrous,YeQuan,monoecious,malecalyx23,pistil23蒴果，花小，无花瓣，植株全体无毛，叶全缘，雌雄同株，雄花花萼23裂，雌蕊23,Growthhabit,Verybrightlight,likethewarmclimateandfertileandwaterrichsoil,deepcoldresistanceisnotstrong,thesoilmoisturecondition.Short-termwaterability,alsotodrought.Tallowcanfireresistanceandstrongresistancetosulfurdioxideandhydrogenchloride.喜光，喜温暖气候及深厚肥沃而水分丰富的土壤，耐寒性不强，土壤水分条件好生长旺盛。能耐短期积水，亦耐旱。乌桕能抗火烧，并对二氧化硫及氯化氢抗性强。,Tallow(Sapiumsebiferum)iseuphorbiaceaetallowisadecid