高一英语状语从句1完整ppt课件

,状语从句,.,状语从句按其意义和作用可分为:1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.目的状语从句5.结果状语从句6.条件状语从句7.方式状语从句8.比较状语从句9.让步状语从句,.,1、时间状语从句,引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,once,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan等引导。如：,.,Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.Ithasbeen15yearssinceheleft.IlltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim.Onceyouhavegotusedtoit,youwilllikeit.Iwaitedtillhehadfinishedhiswork.,.,注意：1.when,while,aswhen(1)表“当的时候”，即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。如：IwasfatwhenIwasachild.Whentheycamehome,Iwascookingdinner.,.,when(2)表“突然；就在那时”句型有：was/weredoingwhensb.didwas/wereabouttodowhensb.didhad(not)donewhensb.did,.,IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawhim.Tomwasabouttotelltheteachereverythingwhenhisdeskmatestoppedhim.Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthemansawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.,.,while(1)表“当的时候”指的是“在某一时间里”，“在期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。,.,如：WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.,.,while(2)也可做并列连词，表示对照的含义，意思为“而，然而；虽然”。如：,Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.WhileIunderstandyourviewpoint,Idontagreewithyou.,.,as(1)引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.,.,as(2)也可表示“随着”，但要注意与with的区别：as是连词接句子。with是介词，接名词或词组。,Asthedaywenton,theweathergotevencold.(从句，故用谓语动词）Withthedaygoingon,theweathergotevencold.(介词，故用非谓语）,.,2.before,since的句型：,Itwontbelongbeforesb.doessth.不久以后某人就会做Itwillbelongbeforesb.does很久以后某人才会做Itwaslongbeforesb.didsth.很久以后某人才做Itwillbe+一段时间+beforesb.does某人要过多长时间才做Itwas+一段时间+beforesb.didsth.某人过了多长时间才做Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+sincesb.didsth.自从某人做某事已经多久了Sb.hasdonesth.sincesb.didsth.自从某人做某事以来，某人已经做了,.,例如：,Itwontbelongbeforewehaveourmid-termexams.Itwastenyearsbeforehereturnedhome.ItishalfayearsincewegraduatedfromtheJuniorHighSchool.Shehasbeenworkinginahospitalsinceshegraduatedfromamedicalschool.,.,3.bythetimebythetime+现在时，主句用将来完成时例如：Bythetimehearrives,wewillalreadyhaveleftCalifornia.bythetime+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时例如：Bythetimehearrived,wehadalreadyleftCalifornia.,注意bythetime的用法,.,4.till和until如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到为止”。如：Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.,.,如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到才，如：,Hedidntgotobeduntil(till)hismothercameback,.,注意：,Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhegotobed.(倒装)Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.(notuntil的强调结构为itis/wasnotuntilthat),.,5.用nosoonerthan和hardly(scarcely)when引导的从句表示“刚就”，主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时若把nosooner,hardly提到句首，主句倒装,.,例如：,Hehadnosoonergottothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment.该句倒装为：Nosoonerhadhegottothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment.,.,6.eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,themoment,theinstant,theminute,immediately,instantly,directly都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.,.,2、地点状语从句:,通常由连词where和wherever等引导。如：,Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Whereveryougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethereistoomuch,thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.,.,注意：不要和where引导的定语从句相混淆例如：,Weshallgowhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.Weshallgototheplacewhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.,(状语从句),(定语从句),.,3、原因状语从句:,通常由连词：because,as,since,nowthat,inthat等引导。区别是:,because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，语气最强，why提问的句子，一般都用because回答。,Hedidntcomebecausehewasill.,.,注意：在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntgowithus.,.,because可以引导表语从句，而as,since不可以，但仅用于以下句型:This/That/Itisbecause,Itsbecauseheistoolazy.,.,since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。,Sinceyouarehere,youmustdoit.,as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。,Youneedntgowithme,asyouarebusy.AsIwasafraid,Ihidmyself.,.,nowthat意思与since相似，表示“既然”。,NowthatyouareinHighSchool,youwillprobablyspendmoreinreading.Nowthatalltheguestshavearrived,letshaveourdinner.,.,for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。For引导从句不说明主句发生的直接原因，只是提供一些补充说明，且不位于句首,Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.,.,seeing(that)(鉴于)；considering(that)(考虑到)和inthat(因为),Seeingthattheweatherisbad,wellstayathome.Ilikethecity,butIlikethecountrybetterinthatIhavemorefriendsinthecountry.,.,4、目的状语从句:,通常由inorderthat,sothat,lest(以免，以防）,incase（以防、免得），forfearthat(以免）等引导：,Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.,.,lest，incase,forfearthat后面常用虚拟语气，也就是说其引导的状语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。例如：Ihidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit.,inorderthat,sothat引导目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may(might),can(could),will(would)等情态动词。,.,5、结果状语从句:,由sothat,sothat,suchthat,that引导：Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.Thereweresomanypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.Whatwasthematterwithhimthathelookedsohappy?,.,注意：sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，其区别在于：引导结果状语从句时通常用逗号同主句分开引导目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may(might),can(could),will(would)等情态动词。,Hemadeawrongdecision,sothathalfofhislifetimewaswasted.(结果状语从句)Theystartedearlysothattheymightarriveintime.(目的状语从句),.,6、条件状语从句:,由if,unless,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(如果，万一),suppose(that),supposing(that),given(that)(在的情况下,假定),grantedthat(就算),onconditionthat,providedthat,providingthat等引导：,.,例如：,IshallnotgotothecinemaunlessIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeeight.Youmaygoswimmingonconditionthatyoudontswimtoofarawayfromtheriverbank.Aslongasyoukeepontrying,youwillsurelysucceed.Suppose/SupposingthatIdonthaveadayoff,whatshallwedo?IncaseJohncomes,pleasetellhimtowait.,.,7、方式状语从句:,由连词：(just)as,asif,asthough引导：Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything.,.,asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.HetreatedmeasifI_(be)hisownson.Hewassittingthereasifnothing_(happen).,were,hadhappened,.,8、比较状语从句:,由连词asas,notso(as)as,than,themore,themore等引导：,Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.HeisasefficientaworkerasJohn(is).Theworkwasnotso(as)easyasIhadthought.Hecantrunsofastasshe.Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanhe(is).,.,注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：,Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.,.,注意:以下as用于表示比较的结构,AistoBasCistoD.=AistoBwhatCistoD.=AsCistoD,soAistoB.例如:Wateristofishesasairistomen.Wateristofisheswhatairistomen.Asairistomen,sowateristofishes.水之于鱼，正如空气之于人。,.,9、让步状语从句:,由though,although,as(虽然尽管),evenif,eventhough,whetheror(无论是还是),wh-ever,nomatter-wh,引导.,.,Thoughheisold,yetheisactive.Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Wewouldntloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.Whetherhecomesornot,welldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.,.,注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。,.,（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet,still等连用，用来加强语气。Though(Although)hewastired,yet(still)hewentonworking.,.,（3）as/though引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。adj./v./n./adv.+as/though+主语+谓语,Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguage.（表语提前）,.,Childashewas,hehadtosupportthefamily.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Hardashestudies,hecannotpasstheexam.(副词提前)Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.(动词提前),.,whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhowever,wh-ever,.,nomatterwh-,nomatterwhonomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhennomatterwherenomatterhow,.,whatever/whoever/whichever/既可引导让步状语从句(=nomatterwhat/who/which),又可引导名词性从句(=anythingthat/anyonewho/anyonethat),Whoever(=Anyonewho)do