多层框架结构课程设计指导书

In order to ensure normal teaching order, protecting students healthy growth, ensuring that national (property) is not lost, to prevent or minimize the occurrence of safety accidents, follow the prevent, rescue each other, ensure safety and reduce losses principle, according to the local conditions, make the management system. 1, the principal is the responsibility of school safety, school security under the leadership of President security work leading group. The head teacher to the leadership team is responsible for, implementation of the accountability system. 2, school monthly student knowledge about safety education, education should be diversified in the form every safety education for students of classes per week should be targeted. To carry on emergency issues dealing with education in General, self-help and mutual rescue knowledge. Emergency calls (such as 110, 119, 122, 120, and so on) use common sense in education. 3, the establishment of major accident reporting system. School students report major accident within an hour of education; student run and disappearances to report; report of the accident to a written report in triplicate, a correctional centre, a police station, a township peoples Government shall not conceal the accident. 4 week, teachers are on duty system, establish and improve the leadership values; strengthen the education, management of teaching activities in schools to ensure normal teaching order; responsible for school safety leadership always maintained close contact and district police stations, canvassing support from the police station on school safety and help. 5, strengthening teachers moral education, establish a dedicated love, improving education quality, observe the students psychological changes at any time and take preventive measures, no corporal punishment and covert corporal punishment on students, student out of the classroom, schools may not be. 6, units or departments use student Street propaganda or participate in the celebrations, as well as participating in other social work, without approval of the Correctional Centre, school principals consent, without organization. Without the approval of relevant departments, may organize students to participate in fire fighting, disaster relief and so on. 7, schools should educate students to obey the school rules and regulations, on time, on time home to prevent accidents. 8, school to school inspections on a regular basis, found hidden in time, and in severe cases, it is hard to eliminate immediately closed, and reported to the local peoples Government, education, and rule of law section. 9, the school should always check the internal walls, retaining walls, ponds, railings, handrails, doors, Windows, staircases and a variety of sports, extracurricular activities, facilities such as fire safety, infrastructure security, unsafe facility to immediately repair and demolition to ensure that teachers and students work, learn, live venues and facilities are safe and reliable. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school fire safety systems to enhance fire safety, protection of public property and the life and property safety of teachers and students, school fire safety into day-to-day management, is developing the following fire safety system. 1, strengthen fire safety education of the whole school. According to the requirements of the Fire Services Act, so that everyone has of keeping fire control safety, protecting fire control facilities, fire prevention, reports of fire多层框架结构课程设计指导书一、结构方案设计（一）、结构平面布置：结构设计者应根据建筑的使用和造型的要求，确定一个相对合理的结构布置方案。结构布置基本原则为结构受力合理；传力体系简单明确。结构平面布置内容包括框架梁、柱布置；非框架梁布置；楼、屋面板布置；以及其它构件布置。框架的布置可根据具体情况选择采用（1）、横向承重体系竖向荷载主要由横向框架梁承担，用纵向连系梁连接各榀横向框架。（2）、纵向承重体系竖向荷载主要由纵向框架梁承担，用横向连系梁连接各榀纵向框架。（3）、双向承重体系纵、横向框架梁均要承担楼板传来的竖向荷载，有抗震设防要求的房屋宜采用此方案。非框架梁一般优先布置于墙下和较重设备下，然后再根据楼板的大小和框架承重体系布置。（二）、构件的材料及施工方法：框架结构梁、板、柱混凝土等级不低于C20，目前框架梁、柱混凝土等级通常采用C30及以上。多层框架结构梁、板、柱常采用相同的混凝土等级；高层框架结构梁、板、柱常采用不同的混凝土等级。梁、柱主筋常采用热轧II级钢筋；箍筋常采用热轧I级钢筋；现浇板、楼梯构件及非主结构构件常采用热轧I级钢筋。在抗震设防区，全现浇框架被广泛采用，也可采用现浇装配整体式框架。（三）、构件截面估算：1、梁高hb：主、次梁交接时，主梁梁高一般比次梁梁高大50mm以上。框架梁、非框架主梁 hb=（1/81/12）l（l为梁的跨度）连系梁、次梁 hb=（1/121/15）l（l为梁的跨度）2、梁宽bb：框架梁和主梁梁宽一般不小于250mm；次梁梁宽一般不小于200mm。bb=（1/21/3）hb3、框架柱截面尺寸：框架柱截面尺寸一般按轴压比估算；但不小于400mmX400mm。轴力N可按柱受荷面积以板面综合荷载12/M214/M2计算；柱面积A按下式算出后可适量放大1.11.2倍。N/Afc0.9（三级框架）4、现浇板厚度：连续板h=（1/301/40）l0；悬臂板h=（1/101/12）l0；其中l0为板的跨度。（四）、结构平面布置简图：以上结果还应在结构计算书中绘制结构平面布置简图来表达；其图样可参照例图一。二、框架结构计算简图（一）、计算单元（例图一）：在一般工程设计中，通常是将结构简化为一系列平面框架进行内力分析和侧移计算，不考虑空间工作影响，计算单元宽度取相邻开间各一半。竖向荷载计算时，要注意相关支承构件的传力路线。（二）、框架计算模型（例图二）：框架的杆件一般取其截面形心轴线表示；杆件间的连接用节点表示；对于全现浇和现浇整体式框架各节点视为刚接点；杆件的长度用节点间的距离表示；框架柱在基础顶面处为固接。通常的处理方法为：1、框架跨度取柱轴线间距。当部分框架柱截面形心不在轴线上时，通常采用力的平移原理来处理荷载，而不改变框架计算跨度。2、二层及二层以上框架层高取建筑层高；底层框架层高取基础顶面至二层框架梁面间的距离，若基础顶面标高暂时确定时，也可近似取底层层高加1.0米。3、各跨跨度相差不超过10%时，可视为等跨框架；斜梁斜度不超过1/8时，可视为水平梁；基础顶面标高相差不超过1.0米时，可视为等标高。4、各杆件的线刚度（1）、梁的原始惯性矩I0按梁矩形截面计算，I0=bbhc3/12。（2）、梁的计算惯性矩Ib按梁与板的连接方式确定，对于现浇装配整体式框架梁的中框架梁Ib=1.5I0；边框架梁Ib=1.2I0。对于全现浇框架梁的中框架梁Ib=2.0I0；边框架梁Ib=1.5I0。（3）、柱的计算惯性矩Ic按实际截面计算，Ic=bchc3/12。（4）、梁的线刚度ib=EIb/l；柱的线刚度ic=EIc/h；框架内力计算时可采用相对线刚度以简化计算。三、荷载计算（例图三）1、 竖向荷载（1）、恒荷载：恒荷载即结构及建筑装饰材料自重等，可按构件的设计尺寸与材料自重计算。常用材料的重力密度可查阅建筑结构荷载规范（GBJ9-87）；有些材料自重可查阅相关产品说明书。（2）、楼面活荷载：楼面均布活荷载通常可查阅建筑结构荷载规范（GBJ9-87）；当实际楼面均布活荷载大于建筑结构荷载规范规定值或建筑结构荷载规范中未规定时，应在充分调研的基础上按实际荷载取用。本次课程设计可不考虑楼面活荷载折减。（3）、屋面活荷载：不上人屋面均布活荷载取0.7KN/M2；当施工荷载较大时，按实际荷载取用。上人屋面均布活荷载取1.5KN/M2；当屋面兼作其它用途时，应按实际荷载取用。（4）在计算框架梁及节点上的竖向荷载时，各传力构件均按简支考虑。2、 水平荷载：本次课程设计仅考虑水平地震荷载，水平地震荷载采用底部剪力法计算。本次课程设计按七度抗震设防、II类场地、近震考虑。（1）、集中于i质点的重力荷载代表值Gi，Gi按建筑抗震设计规范第4.1.3条规定计算，其中构件自重标准值为与该质点相邻楼层各取一半层高范围内的所有构件自重标准值的总合。（2）、结构等效总重力荷载Geq，Geq=0.85G，G=。（3）、结构基本自振周期T1，结构基本自振周期采用顶点位移法计算。T1=1.70，其中结构基本自振周期折减系数0=（0.60.7）；G为相当于重力荷载代表值大小的水平荷载作用下结构的顶点位移，顶点位移以米为单位。（4）、水平地震影响系数1，按建筑抗震设计规范（GBJ11-89）第4.1.4条规定计算。（5）、底部总剪力标准值FEk=1Geq。（6）、楼层水平地震力标准值Fi=（）FEk(1n)，n为顶部附加地震系数，按建筑抗震设计规范中表4.2.1计算。（7）、屋顶水平地震力标准值为Fn+n FEk。四、框架结构计算（一）、内力计算1、 竖向荷载作用下的内力计算：竖向荷载作用下的内力计算采用弯矩二次分配法计算，该方法就是将各节点的不平衡弯矩同时进行分配和传递，并以二次分配为限。具体计算方法可参照混凝土结构教材中例12.2。当采用对称结构时，应注意节点条件的改变以及分配系数的调整。竖向活荷载考虑满布，其跨中弯距应乘（1.11.2）放大系数。竖向荷载最终计算结果应分别绘制框架弯矩图、剪力图和轴力图。2、 水平荷载作用下的内力计算：水平荷载作用下的内力计算采用D值法。最终计算结果应分别绘制框架弯矩图、剪力图和轴力图。（1）、柱抗侧移刚度D=（12ic/h2）。柱抗侧移刚度影响系数按混凝土结构教材中表12.5计算。（2）、柱的反弯点高度=（0+1+2+3）h。其中0为标准反弯点高度比，查阅混凝土结构教材中表12.7；1为上、下层梁线刚度变化时，柱的反弯点高度比修正值，查阅混凝土结构教材中表12.8；2、3分别为上、下层层高与本层层高不同时，柱的反弯点高度比修正值，查阅混凝土结构教材中表12.9。在确定1、2、3时，要注意反弯点移动方向。（3）、采用D值法计算水平荷载作用下的内力可参考混凝土结构教材中例12.5。也可列表计算。例表一：各柱剪力计算（1）*层剪力V系 数3层=*2层=*A3A2B3B2C3C2A2A1B2B1C2C1=c=D=cV= （KN）（2）底层剪力V系 数底层=*A1A0B1B0C1C0=c=D=cV= （KN）例表二： 柱反弯点高度层 数三层（m=3，n=3，h=3.6m）柱 号A3A2B3B2C3C2层 数二层（m=3，n=2，h=3.6m）A2A1B2B1C2C1层 数一层（m=3，n=1，h=4.6m）A1A0B1B0C1C0（二）、侧移验算一般多层框架结构在水平荷载作用下的侧移仅考虑总体剪切变形，可用D值法计算，注意此时的D值应是结构真实的D值，而不象内力计算那样采用相对值。1、 层间位移ui=Vi/Dji，其中，Vi为第i层剪力标准值，顶点位移u=ui。2、 层间位移限制：（ui/h）1/450（轻质隔墙）；（ui/h）1/500（砌体填充墙）。顶点位移限制：u/H1/550（轻质隔墙）；u/H1/650（砌体填充墙）。其中，h、H分别为层高和建筑总高。例表三：侧移验算层间相对侧移和顶点侧移位置u=层高h(m)相对值限值3层2层1层顶点（三）、内力组合1、 控制截面和最不利内力：梁的控制截面为两端支座截面和跨中截面，支座截面最不利内力为可能出现的+Mmax、Mmax及Vmax；跨中截面最不利内力为可能出现的+Mmax、Mmax。梁跨中最大弯矩值可近似用跨中弯矩值代替，在配筋时适量增加配筋量。柱的控制截面为柱两端截面，采用对称配筋时，其最不利内力有三种：（1）、Mmax及相应的N、V。（2）、Nmax及相应的M、V。（3）、Nmin及相应的M、V。在最不利内力组合时,对水平地震荷载，应考虑左震和右震。2、 竖向荷载作用下的梁端负弯矩调幅：对于装配整体式框架，负弯矩调幅系数=（0.70.8）；对于现浇整体式框架，负弯矩调幅系数=（0.80.9）。梁端负弯矩减小后，梁跨中正弯矩应按平衡条件相应增大。3、 荷载效应组合：本次课程设计仅考虑下述二种荷载组合。（1）、恒荷载+活荷载S=1.2SGK+1.4SLK （SGK 、SLK分别为恒荷载、活荷载效应标准值）（2）、考虑地震作用时的内力组合S=1.2CGGE+1.3CEhEhK （CG 、CEh分别为重力荷载代表值和水平地震效应系数；GE 、EhK分别为重力荷载代表值和水平地震作用标准值）（3）、各杆件的控制截面内力组合应列表计算，内力组合表可参照例表，也可自行设计表格。（四）、杆件截面设计1、 当地震荷载不参与组合时，0SR，本此课设中0=1；当地震荷载参与组合时，SR/RE，承载力抗震调整系数RE按建筑抗震设计规范中表4.4.2取用。2、 在梁各截面最不利内力相差不大时，可有选择的进行梁截面配筋计算。3、 在进行柱截面配筋计算时，应尽量利用偏心距对截面承载能力的影响来选择最不利内力，一般情况下，多层框架结构仅需计算底层和顶层柱控制截面的配筋。4、 结构抗震设计时，还应考虑截面延性设计时的各种内力调整。5、 构件截面配筋可自行设计表格进行列表计算。五、柱下独立基础设计一般多层框架结构柱下独立基础设计可选用底层Nmax及相应的M、V来作为柱底传给基顶的荷载。注意不要忘记底层墙体通过基础梁传给基顶的荷载。柱下独立基础设计方法可参照混凝土结构教材中第360页第11.6节内容。六、框架结构配筋详图框架结构配筋详图包括单榀框架立面配筋图和各截面配筋图。配筋图的制作应符合制图规范，框架的节点构造可参照例图执行；其余构造应符合混凝土结构设计规范（GBJ10-89）中相关条款的规定。七、柱下独立基础配筋详图柱下独立基础配筋详图包括基础配筋平面图（含模板图）和剖面配筋图。例表四： 内力组合表横梁内力组合表杆件号A2 B2B2 C2截面A2跨中B2左B2左跨中C2内力种类MVMMVMVMMV恒载活荷载左震右震内力组合恒+活=具体组合公式具体组合公式抗震组合具体组合公式具体组合公式注：竖向荷载作用下的梁端弯矩调幅可在此表中进行。*层柱内力组合表杆件号A3 A2B3 B2截面上端下端剪力上端下端剪力内力种类MNMNVMNMNV恒载活荷载左震右震内力组合恒+活具体组合公式具体组合公式Nmax具体组合公式具体组合公式Nmin具体组合公式具体组合公式抗震组合具体组合公式具体组合公式Nmax具体组合公式具体组合公式Nmin具体组合公式具体组合公式编制本施工方案时，分析了本工程的工程特点，地质条件和设计要求，结合我公司其它工地施工经验及教训，本着创一流的质量Electricity lines, equipment inspections, found hidden in time for rectification, maintenance, and security. 9, do not use an open flame in the classroom, prohibit burning stove, lit candles, mosquito repellent, no smoking, and banning messy wiring. Without using any household appliances is not allowed. 10, live on campus faculty members, must lead by example, and educate families and children ready to fire. 11, household use of gas in schools, to master proper usage, pay attention to the leak-proof, explosion-proof, fireproof, closing valve after use to ensure security. 12, dining room must be qualified, and annual testing of pressure vessels, to regularly check, the canteen workers must be certified, strictly by operation operation, gas tank and stove safety distance of 1.5 meters, to prevent accidents. 13, the adverse consequences caused by ignoring fire safety regulations, will be punished, until investigated for legal responsibility. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school, pine slopes surrounding safety management system 1 teachers and students, the surrounding area of the school governance covers personal and food hygiene, cultural events and other aspects, integrated governance shall obtain wide support and full cooperation of the community. On the surrounding environment in schools should be closely monitored. 2, school work at the same time, should pay attention to the safety management of school environment, should take the initiative to contact the district police station, the village Committee, Correctional Centre, Township government, business management and other departments to do a good job management. 3, teacher on duty with the exception of inspections in schools, should also pay attention to environmental inspections near the campus, found that the jobless migrants from rural areas, for example, harassment of students and a variety of accidents, according to different situations reported school officials or the police station in a timely manner, to protect the safety of students. 4, every day before school, teachers remind students, pay attention to traffic safety. 5, should educate students to respect social ethics, and various regulations, maintaining public order, and fight the bad guys, and grasp the correct ways and means of maintaining and improving students self-care ability. 6, the establishment of emergency rescue teams of teachers in schools, on high alert and deployed. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping e