M3U3-Back-to-the-past----知识清单

M3Unit 3 Back to the past单元知识清单Part 1 词汇表词形变化1. 文明 civilization (n.) civilize (v.) 使文明，使开化 civilized (adj.) 文明的，有礼貌的2. 讲座 lecture (n.) lecture (v.) 演讲；训诫；讲课 lecturer (n.) 演讲者3. 兴建，创建 found (v.) foundation (n.) 地基；根据，基础；建立4. （火山等）爆发 erupt (v.) eruption (n.)5. 不幸的；遗憾的 unfortunate unfortunately (adv.) fortunate (反adj.) fortunately (反adv.) fortune (n.) misfortune (反n.)6. 泥浆，烂泥 mud (n.) muddy (adj.)7. 装饰，装潢 decorate decoration (n.)8. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 flee fled (p.) fled (pp.)9. 毁坏，摧毁 destroy (v.) destruction (n.) destructive (adj.)10. 商业的commercial (adj.) commercialize (v.) 使商业化 commercialized (adj.) 商业化的11. 富有的，富裕的 wealthy (adj.) wealth (n.)12. 文化的 cultural (adj.) culture (n.)13. 遗物，遗迹，遗骸 remains (n.) remain (v.) 保持；留下 remaining (adj.) 剩余的14. 爆炸 explode (v.) explosion (n.)15. 抱怨 complain (vi.) complaint (n.) 抱怨，埋怨16. 历史 history (n.) historical (adj.) 与历史有关的 historic (adj.) 有历史意义的17. 表达；表情 expression (n.) express (v.) express (adj.)18. 教育 educate (v.) education (n.) educative (adj.) 教育的，教育上的 educational (adj.) 有教育意义的 educated (adj.) 受过教育的，有教养的 educator (n.) 教育者19. 辉煌；荣耀，光荣 glory (n.) glorious (adj.)20. 意识到的，知道的；察觉到的 aware (adj.) awareness (n.)21. 毒药，毒物 poison (n.) poison (v.) 毒害，下毒 poisonous (adj.) 有毒的22. 研究者 researcher (n.) research (v./n)23. 渐渐的，逐渐的 gradually (adv.) gradual (adj.)24. 极度的，极端的 extreme (adj.) extremely (adv.)25. 木制的 wooden (adj.) wood (n.) woods (n.)26. 强有力的 powerful (adj.) powerless (反adj.) power (n.) 权利；能力；力量27. 法官；裁判员 judge (n.) judge (v.) judgment (n.) 判断 Part 2 词汇表重点单词讲解及短语补充1. take over = take control of接管；控制2. (1) in ruins 成为废墟(2) ruin ones hope/health/life毁了某人的希望/健康/一生3. remains(1) the remains of a church一所教堂的废墟(2) the remains of the meal剩饭(3) remain a mystery仍然是个谜(4) remain silent保持沉默(5) remain seated/sitting待在座位上(6) Many problems remain to be solved.许多问题有待解决。(7) It remains to be seen whether you are right.你是否是对的，让我们拭目以待。(8) buy a gift with the remaining money/the money left用剩余的钱买一个礼物4. complain of/about= make a complaint of/about5. solution to the problem问题的解决方法6. in memory of为了纪念in honor of为了纪念in celebration of为了庆祝in praise of为表扬7. (1) no doubt = without doubt无疑，确实(2) there is no doubt that毫无疑问8. rise up against起义，反抗9. stand in ones path阻碍某人10. (1) ahead of time提前，预先(2) go ahead往下说，往下做11. come down with患(病)12. (1) be/become aware of意识到, 知道，意识到(2) raise ones awareness of提高某人的意识13. on the basis of在基础上Part 3 课文重要短语(Welcome to the Unit - Reading)14. arrange for high school students to go on a cultural tour 安排高中生参加文化之旅15. lost civilizations失落的文明16. be known as作为而闻名17. attend a lecture about参加一个关于的讲座18. be decorated with wall paintings装饰着壁画19. turn out that结果证明20. fail to flee the city未能逃离城市21. break down分解22. a stopping point驿站;停靠站23. cut down砍倒24. result in the city being buried by sand导致这个城市被沙子掩埋25. happen to do碰巧 (Word Power- Task)26. protect important heritage sites all over the world保护全世界的重要遗址27. be considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations 被认为对人类文明具有非凡的价值28. be divided into three types被分为三类29. take as an example以为例30. become interested in对感兴趣31. throughout the world遍及全世界32. take part in参加33. make ones way to向.前进34. on exhibition在展览35. prepare oneself to do sth.使自己准备好做某事36. be in good condition处于良好状态37. be of great cultural value有重要的文化价值38. spend time and money preserving historical buildings and sites 花费时间和金钱保护历史建筑和遗址39. have no food to eat and no place to live没有食物吃，没有地方住40. point out指出41. be related to与 有关42. focus on related background information着重于相关的背景信息43. set sail for起航去44. declare war against Japan向日本宣战 (Project)45. take place发生46. look at研究47. play key roles in history在历史上起关键作用48. do research on对进行研究49. win every battle赢得每一场战役50. grow tired of endless battles厌倦了无休止的战争51. as a result of由于52. be thought of as a way of looking at the world around us 被认为是研究我们周围世界的一组方法53. for free免费54. aside from除之外55. have a deep influence on对.有深远的影响56. make sb. aware of the errors让某人意识到错误57. way of approaching the truth探索真理的方法58. have enough of sb.受够了某人59. take sb. to court for因将某人告上法庭60. defend oneself为自己辩解61. be put to death被处死62. search for the truth寻找真理Part 4 课文重要句型 (背诵)1. I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. (Page42Line2)能获得这次旅行的机会我感到非常幸运。2. We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii. (Page42Line2-3) 现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。3. Near the city was a volcano. (Page42Line9) (倒装句)离城市不远处有一座火山。4. Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. (Page42Line11)很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。5. Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2000 years ago. (Page42Line14) 今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。6. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. (Page42Line16-17)= People started to dig in the area for treasure, causing much damage. 人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。7. I saw several houses (which were decorated with wall paintings). = I saw several houses (decorated with wall paintings).8. When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! (Page42Line19-20) 当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！9. It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash. (Page43Line22-23)= It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, which left empty spaces in the ash. 原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。10. It (Loulan) is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. (Page43Line32-33) = It is believed that Loulan was gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200 to AD400.据说它(楼兰) 在公元200年至公元400年之间逐渐被沙尘暴掩埋。11. There was a water system (that ran through the middle of the city). = There was a water system (running through the middle of the city).12. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they(huge trees) were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand-what a pity! (Page42Line44-45)= The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they(huge trees) were cut down, which resulted in the city being buried by sand-what a pity!= The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they(huge trees) were cut down, resulting in the city being buried by sand-what a pity! 这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，那导致楼兰这座城市被沙尘埋葬-多遗憾啊！13. A saying goes that Rome wasnt built in a day. 俗话说，罗马不是一日建成的。 = As a saying goes, Rome wasnt built in a day. 12. That it keeps raining cats and dogs worries the tourists. 外面一直下雨使得游客们很担心。 = It worries the tourists that it keeps raining cats and dogs. 13. Both cities were very wealthy, attracting people from all over the country. = Both cities were very wealthy, which attracted people from all over the country.这两座城市都很富裕，吸引着来自全国各地的人们。14. Contrary to what we had expected, the noodles and rice (they served on the plane) were quite delicious. 与我们所预料的相反，飞机上提供的面条和米饭非常可口。15. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Greats influence.当被问及来自遥远希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大帝的影响所致。16. Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia, influ