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动词时态动词主要用来表示动作,其次表示 状态或性质。动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现方式。这就是英语动词的时态。英语动词的时态主要由动词的不同形式来表示。我们现在学习了五种动词时态,它们是一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时和过去进行时。 一一般现在时(The Present Indefinite Tense) 一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或 习惯性的动作或目前的状态。1 构成: 一般现在时通常以动词原形构成。主语为第三人称单数时,一般在动词原形后加-s 或-es。 变化规则如下: (1). 一般情况加-s,例如: workworks, comecomes, playplays.(2) s,x,sh,ch 以 或 o 结尾的动词,加-es. 例如:passpasses, washwashes, watchwatches, boxboxes, gogoes.(3)以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 再加-es。例如:carrycarries, studystudies. (4)动词 be 的第一人称单数开式为 am, 第三人称单数为 is;动词 have 的第三人称单数为 has. 2动词一般现在时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及回答:(1)动词be肯定式: 疑问式和简略答语: (2)行为动词的肯定式:以work为例 否定式: 疑问式和简略答语: 3用法:(1)一般现在时动词表示现状、性质、状态和经常的或习惯性的动 作或状态。例如: She is a student. 她是个学生。 He has a sister. 他有个姐 姐。 It is fine today. 今天天气好。 You look well. 你气色好。 I am good at swimming. 我擅长游泳。 Uncle Wang knows a lot of English. 王叔叔英语懂得 很多。 (2)一般现在时动词常与 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, never, on Sundays 等频度副词和时间状语连用。例如: I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。 She usually comes to school by bus. 她通 常乘公共汽车来学校。 Do you write to your parents once a week? 你一周给你 父母写一封信吗? Sometimes, I go to see a film with my friends. 有时候我和 朋友们去看电影。(3)一般现在时动词表示客观事实或普遍真理。 例如: Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边。 The moon goes around the earth. 月球绕着地球转。 (4)在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词表示一般 将来时概念。例如: Well go to the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天 天气好,我们就去长城。 Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就 给你打电话。 (5)在某些以 here, there 开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示 正在发生的动作。例如: There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Here they are. 他们 来了。 练习:一、用所给动词的正确形式填空:1. We often_(play) in the playgound. 2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What (do) _he usually (do)_ after school? 二、改句子 1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2. I have many books. (改为否定句) 3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis.(改为否定句) 4. She lives in a small town near New York. (改为一般疑问句) 二现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense) 1构成 助动词 be(am/is/are)+动词的ing 形式 2动词的ing 形式的构成 (1)一般在动词 原形末尾加ing。例如:workworking, studystudying. (2)以不发音的字 母 e 结尾的动词,先去掉 e,再加ing。例如:havehaving, liveliving. (3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如结尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写出这一字母,再 加ing例如:runrunning, stopstopping, forgetforgetting, beginbeginning. 3现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式 (1)肯定式: (2)否定式: (3) 一般疑问句及回答 4用法:(1)动词的现在进行时用来表示 现在正在进行或发生的动作。例如:What are you doing? We are playing basketball. 你们在干什么?我们在打篮球。 (2)动词的现在进行时有时用来 表示现阶段正在进行,而说话时不一定正在进行的动作。 例如: Are they working hard this term? 这学期他们在努力学习吗? We are picking apples on a farm these days? 这些天我们正在农场摘苹果。 (3)动词的现在进行时,动词表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作)。Come, go, leave, start, arrive 等动词常与将来时间的状语连用表示这种意义。例如: They are going to Shanghai this Friday. 他们这个星期主要去上海。 Tom is coming here next week. 汤姆下周要来这儿。 5一般现在时和现在进行时的主要区别 (1)一般现在时表示经常性动作,现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。例 如: He studies hard. 他(经常)努力学习。 He is studying hard. 他(此刻或 现阶段)正在努力学习。 (2)一般现在时表示现在发生的动作,现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作。 例如:Boats pass under the bridge. 船从桥下穿过。 The boat is passing under the bridge. 船正从桥下穿过。1. The boy is playing basketball. 否定句:_一般疑问句:_ 肯定回答:_否定回答:_ 对“ The boy”提问:_ 对playing basketball提问: 二、单项选择 ( )1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby. (B)I look am aftering the baby. ( C)Im look aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby. )( )2._friends making _a kite. (A)I, me (B)My, my (C) My, me (D) His, his ( )3.Is the woman _ yellow your teacher? (A) in (B)putting on (C)wearing ( (D)having ( )4.Look!The twins(双胞胎)_their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where ( 三、用现在进行时完成下列句子: 1.What_you_(do)? 2.I_(sing) an English song. 3.What_he_(make)? 4.He_(mend) a car. 5._you_(fly)a kite?Yes,_. 6._she_(sit) in the boat? 7._you_(ask) questions? 8. We_(play) games now .三一般将来时(The future indefinite tense) 一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况。主要有以下几种 表现形式: 1由助动词 shall 或 will 加动词原形构成,shall 用于第一人称, will 用于第二、三人称。除英国外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人 称一般也用 will,在英国也有这种趋势。在口语中,常用 shall, will 的缩写形式 为ll, 如: youll 等。 Ill, Shall not 的缩写式为:shant, will not 的缩写式为: wont. 肯定句:I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go. 否定句:I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go. 疑问句:Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go? 2.用法:(1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。例如:I will(shall) arrive tomorrow. 我明天到。 Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗? We wont (shant) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。 (2)在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。 例如: Will she come? 她 (会) 来吗? Well only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。 The meeting wont last long. 会开 不了多久。 (3)在以第一人称 I 或 we 作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b): a. Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头? b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow? 明天我们有课吗? 在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用 will,特别是在美国。例如: How will I get there? 我怎么到哪儿? (4)在时间或条件状语从句中,一般不能用将来时态,而用现在时态代替。例如: Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就 给你打电话。 Well go to the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就去长城。 2be going to+动词原形 (1)表示打算、准备做的事。例如: We are going to put up a building here. 我们打算在这里盖一座楼。 How are you going to spend your holidays? 假期你准备怎样过? (2)表示即将发生或 肯定要发生的事。例如:I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。 Theres going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。 (3)“will”句型与“be going to”句型,前者表示纯粹停来,后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情,更强调主语的主观意愿。例如: Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六 了。 We are going to visit Paris this summer. 今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。 3一般现在时表示将来 这种用法限于某些动词,如: begin, be, come, go, leave, arrive, return leave, arrive, return 返回)等。表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事。例如:The train leaves at 4:30p.m. We still have half an hour.火车下午四点半开。我们还有半小时的 时间。 When does the winter holiday begin? 寒假什么时候开始? Im not at home tonight. 我今晚不 在家。 4现在进行时表示将来这种用法限于某些动词, begin, start, come, 如: go, leave, arrive, reach 等。表示按计划安排要发生的事。例如: How are you goingby boat or by train? 你们怎么去坐船还是坐火车去? We are leaving tomorrow.我们明天就离开。 一、用所给动词的一般将来时填空 1. I _(leave)in a minute. I _(finish)all my work before I _ (leave). 2. How long _ you _(study)in our country? I _(plan)to be here for about one more year. I _(hope)to visit the other parts of your country. What _ you _(do)after you _(leave)here? I _(return)home and _(get)a job. 二、单项选择 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be 4. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be 四一般过去时 (The Past Indefinite Tense) 1构 成:一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。不规则动词的过去式有其特殊形式。 规则动词的过去式是在动词原 形词尾加 ed。其规则如下:(1)一般情况在 动词尾加 ed。例如: workworked, wantwanted (2)以不发音的 e 结尾 的动词,直接加d。例如: livelived, hopehoped (3)以“辅音字母+y“结 尾的动词,变 y 为 I 再加 ed。例如: studystudied, crycried (4) 以重读 闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的动词,双写词尾的辅音字母再加 ed。例如: stopstopped, begbegged. (5)词尾听加的 ed 的发音, 有以下几种情况: a. 以元音或浊辅音结尾的动词。加 ed 后, ed 发音浊辅音d。 b. 以清辅音 结尾的动词,加 ed 后, ed 发清辅音t。 c. 以t d结尾的动词,加 ed 后, ed 发id, 与结尾的t、d相拼,读作tid或did. 2一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,动词 be 有 was, were 两个过去式,was 用于第一、三人称 单数,were 用于其他人称。在构成否定及疑问句时,一般都借助助动词did, 动词 be 有其独特的疑问及否定形式(基本上和一般现在时一致)。这个时态的三种结构可表示如下: (1)肯定句 I/You/He/She/They worked there. I/He/She was there. We/You/They were there. (2) 否定句:I/You/He/She/They did not work there. I/He/She was not there. We/You/They were not there. (3)疑问句:Did you/I/he/she/they work there? Was I/he /she there? Were you/we/they there? 3用法:(1)一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作和 情况(包括习惯性动作,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如: The train arrived ten minutes ago. 火车十分钟前就到了。 What time did you get up yesterday mooning? 昨天早晨你几点起床的? (2)有些情况,发生的时间不很清楚 但实际上是过去发生的, 应当用过去时态。 例如:I dont know you were so busy. 我没想到你这么忙。 I thought you were out. 我还以为你出去了呢。 (3)在谈到已故去的人的情况时多用过去时。 例如: Lu Xun was a great writer. 鲁迅是一位伟大作家。练习:1. She lived there before he_ to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming 2I _but_ nothing. A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of 3When did you _here? A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach (二)填空 1. They_(be) on the farm a moment ago. 2. There_(be)a shop not long ago. 3. Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night. 4. Danny _(read )English five minutes ago. 5. 过去进行时 过去进行时构成方式:主语+be 动词的过去式(即 was/ were)+doing (即动词-ing 形式) 1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 She was working. (1) 表示在过去某一时间,正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. (2)表示在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作。 I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking in the kitchen. (3)表示在过去的某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were waiting for you yesterday. 1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading;fellC. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 二、用动词的适当形式填空。 1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us. 2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in. 3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it _ (move) away. 4. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning. 练习题 用所给动词的正确时态填空: 1. He_ TV every evening. (watch) 2. We always _ to school on foot. (go) 3. Tom, with his classmates, often _ football after school. (play) 4. Their classroom _ four big windows. (have) 5. Your shoes _ under the bed. (be) 6. She _ for her friends at the bus stop now. (wait) 7. Sorry, I_ no enough money with me now. (have) 8. The days _ longer and longer now. (get) 9. _ here and _ by

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