三年高考（2014-2016）英语真题分项版解析—— 专题07非谓语动词

2016年高考题1.【2016北京】26. _ it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make【答案】D考点：考查不定式作目的状语【名师点睛】一、不定式的作用1、 作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.2、 作宾语(1) 动词+不定式。如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(1) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：I dont know what to do next/ how to do it next.I cant decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）(3) There +不定式。如：We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：We regard Eric as our best teacher. 我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。(4) 在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(5) help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.3、 作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如： Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如： I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一支钢笔写字) I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)做原因状语。如：We were very excited to hear the news.Im glad to see you.(1) 做条件状语。如：To turn to the left, you could find a post office.6. 作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。 2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）(Seeing is believing. )7独立结构。如：To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.二、 省to 的动词不定式1、 情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）2、 would rather, had better.3、 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.They were made to work the whole night.4、 使役动词 let, have, make.5、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.6、 help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.7、 Why dont you/Why not8、 but 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.9、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。2.【2016北京】28._ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. Ordering B. To orderC. Having ordered D. Ordered【答案】D考点：考查过去分词作状语 【名师点睛】分词作状语1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. =as soon as。2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。4. 分词作条件状语相当于if unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。3.【2016北京】32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _ the old town into a dreamland.A. turn B. turningC. to turn D. turned【答案】B【解析】试题分析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。考点：考查现在分词【名师点睛】现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.（1） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists2. The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written3. Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak4. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying.5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading1、 作状语Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didnt lose heart. (让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)6. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed7. There was a terrible noise_ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed8. _, liquids can be changed into gases. A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat 注意：（1） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。（2） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。9. When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed10. _ such heavy pollution already, the river becomes dead water.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered2、 作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.3、 作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。二、分词的时态1、 与主语动词同时。如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 11. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing2、 先于主语动词分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.12. _ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received三、分词的语态1、 通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：He is the man giving you/who gave you the book She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car. 2、 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴4.【2016江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message_within the work.A.to hideB.hiddenC.hidingD.being hidden【答案】B【名师点睛】过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。例如：Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：fallenleaves落叶retiredworkers退休工人therisensun升起的太阳注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况：1.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.我们需要更多的合格的工人。Myfriendisareturnedstudent.我的朋友是个归国的留学生。单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如：Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。2.过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。3.如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。考点：考查分词做定语5.【2016天津】4. The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _ air conditioning unnecessary. A. making B. to make C. made D. being made【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。故选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句，现在分词和不定式用法也不同，还要结合语境判断符合哪一个，来加以判断。6.【2016浙江】10.To return to the problem of water pollution , Id like you to look at a study _ in Australia in 2012. A. having conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted【答案】D【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法，看carry out和修饰的study之间的关系可知用过去分词。7.【2016浙江】19. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now dowith students.A. working B. work C. to work D. worked 【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，看I和work的逻辑关系可以看出是现在分词。2015年高考题1.【2015湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _ whether to stay or leave.A. wondering B. wonderCto wonder Dwondered【答案】A 【考点定位】考查非谓语动词【名师点睛】非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done;不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语。2.【2015北京】21._the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系，然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份，可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语，意思是“为了”，学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份，才可以做好此类题。3.【2015北京】23.The park was full of people,_themselves in the sunshine.A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：这个公园充满了人，在阳光下他们玩的很尽兴。本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词的逻辑主语为people，人们玩得开心为主动的，因此排除B选项；D to enjoy 不定式表示动作未发生，由题干可知，是过去的动作，因此排除D选项；A having enjoyed 为现在分词的完成形式，一定要发生在谓语动作之前，根据题意，不符合。故选C。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非谓语动词的掌握情况，做题时可以先根据情景，语境等排除错误选项。然后根据句子中的主谓关系判断出正确选项。做好此类题需要先判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词是主动关系还是被动关系，然后看非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序，所以学生需要多加注意句子之间的关系。4.【2015北京】31.If _for the job, youll be informed soon.A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted 【答案】D【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】本题暗含了状语从句的省略和非谓语动词的用法两个知识点，并牢记现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表将要执行的动作的原则。做好此类题需要牢记句子中省略，还有主语和动词之间的关系。5.【2015重庆】6._ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系，故选C项。【考点定位】考查非谓语谓语动词。【名师点睛】 本题在考查非谓语动词，题目难度中等，从选项看，不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断，两个句子是否共用一个主语，主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，再者还要注意判断时间关系，从而得出答案来。6.【2015重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_ the sun and the stars.A. usedB. having used C. using D. use【答案】C 【名师点睛】伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，这个考点在高考中经常出现，本题考查的是分词做伴随状语，分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义； 而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；He sen me an e-mail hoping to ge further information 他给我发一封电子邮件，希望得到更多的信息； He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 他匆忙进了大厅，后面跟着两个警卫。7.【2015浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。分析4个选项知道，答案所使用的是同一个动词，不同的是时态、语态或者是非谓语形式。 A是动词原形，B是非谓语现在分词形式，C是非谓语的不定式，D是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。分析句子结构以及用法，不难知道音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。【考点定位】考查动词非谓语【名师点睛】解答此题，既需要正确区分非谓语和谓语的用法，又要对语态中的被动和主动有所了解，另外也要对hear 这个感官动词的用法有了解。其中的非谓语和谓语可以根据句子成分划分得出，而语态关键看主语是人还是物。当物作主语时需要用被动。8.【2015天津】8. _ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A. To workB. WorkedC. To be working D. Having worked【答案】D【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，现在分词完成式表示其动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，放在句首的不定式只能表示目的性，故应当排除。9.【2015天津】5. _in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. A. To absorbB. To be absorbedC. AbsorbedD. Absorbing 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。故选C。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。10.【2015陕西】17.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。【考点定位】考查不定式【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法，可以做宾语，定语，状语。还有不定式的不同形式：to do；to be doing；to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。11.【2015陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken 【答案】B【考点定位】考查过去分词【名师点睛】考生在做非谓语动词的题目时，首先要通过分析句子知道这里需要的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。还有是作什么成分，然后根据和修饰语的关系决定用哪种非谓语单词：是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。12.【2015福建】28._ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.A. LearnB. LearnedC. To learnD. To be learning【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C【考点定位】考查考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。13.【2015福建】33.In recent years an English word infosphere has appeared, _the sense of “information” and atmosphere.A. combineB. combined C. combining D. being combined【答案】C【考点定位】考查非谓语动词【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。14.【2015江苏】24.Much time _ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。【考点定位】独立主格结构【名师点睛】考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。15.【2015安徽】27._ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.A. IgnoreB. IgnoringC. IgnoredD. Having ignored【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者是主谓关系，因此用动名词做主语，故选B。【考点定位】考查动名词作主语【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语动词。“will be”前面的“_ the difference between the two research findings”是主语部分，动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语，习惯上用动名词作主语。且you和ignore是主谓关系，这里表示同时发生，而非先后发生，因此不用分词的完成式。16.【2015湖南】34.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students _ what is bothering them.A. to talk over B. talked overCtalk over Dhaving talked over【答案】A 【名师点睛】【名师点睛】非谓语动词不定式可以表示目的，在句中作目的状语。表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致专题07非谓语动词1.【2014全国大纲卷】23.Today there are more airplanes_ more people than ever before in the skies.A. carry B. carryingC. carriedD. to be carrying【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查现在分词作定语。句意：现在比以前有有更多的飞机运送乘客。此处airplane和carrying之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故选B。考点：考查现在分词作定语【名师点睛】非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语airplanes与动词carry构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.ing形式作定语。2.【2014全国大纲卷】33. _me tomorrow and I will let you know the lab result.A. CallingB. CallC. To call D. Having called【答案】B考点：考查动词的正确形式。【名师点睛】本题考查的是祈使句。祈使句主语（you）通常不表示出来，直接以动词原形开头。祈使句用于两个重要句型：1、祈使句+and+表示结果的陈述句，用来叙述肯定的条件2、祈使句+or+表示结果的陈述句，用来叙述否定的条件，表示要不然。如：Hurry up and you can catch the train=Hurry up or you will miss the train.本题就属于前一种形式。3.【2014重